Technological kiv puag ncig: hom, keeb kwm, txhais, ua tiav thiab teeb meem

Cov txheej txheem:

Technological kiv puag ncig: hom, keeb kwm, txhais, ua tiav thiab teeb meem
Technological kiv puag ncig: hom, keeb kwm, txhais, ua tiav thiab teeb meem

Video: Technological kiv puag ncig: hom, keeb kwm, txhais, ua tiav thiab teeb meem

Video: Technological kiv puag ncig: hom, keeb kwm, txhais, ua tiav thiab teeb meem
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tib neeg lub cev siv zog tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb thiab hloov pauv. Lub peev xwm los tsim kom muaj lub siab xav tsim ib yam tshiab tau txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hlub ntawm kev kawm thiab kev tsim kho tshiab yog cov thev naus laus zis uas ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua rau ntau tus neeg.

txhais thiab yam ntxwv

Cia peb txhais cov kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis: qhov no yog ib lo lus dav dav uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab nce lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv lub neej ntawm lub xeev. Qhov tshwm sim no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas ua rau nce qib ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog rau kev hloov pauv zoo hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg thiab tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Nrog rau txhua qhov kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov neeg uas muaj cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb xav tau rau txoj kev tsim khoom tshiab tau xav tau ntau ntxiv.

Tus kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los
Tus kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los

Txoj kev xav txawv teb chaws ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob

Cov lus nug ntawm kev nrawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej tau raug txiav txim siab ntau zaus. Qhov teeb meem no tau kawm los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum,thiab ntau txoj kev xav yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws.

Tus sau thawj lub tswv yim txawv teb chaws ntawm kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis yog Alvin Toffler, tus kws tshaj lij, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws paub txog nyiaj txiag keeb kwm los ntawm Asmeskas. Nws tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev lag luam tom qab kev lag luam. Muaj peb qhov kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis hloov pauv, raws li Toffler:

  1. Lub Neolithic, lossis kev hloov pauv kev ua liaj ua teb, uas tau pib hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib zaug, sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm noob neej los ntawm kev sib sau thiab tua tsiaj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab nyuj yug menyuam. Tshaj tawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tsis sib xws. Ua ntej tshaj li lwm tus, raws li txoj kev ntawm Neolithic kiv puag ncig, Far East pib tsim, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm kaum txhiab xyoo BC.
  2. Kev hloov pauv kev lag luam uas tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv hauv xyoo pua 16th. Nws tau nrog kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev siv tes ua haujlwm mus rau lub tshuab thiab lub Hoobkas tsim khoom. Nrog rau urbanization thiab kev qhia txog cov technologies tshiab. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam kiv puag ncig uas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tsim, lub loom tau tsim, ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab tau qhia hauv thaj chaw metallurgy. Kev tshawb fawb, kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zej zog.
  3. Cov ntaub ntawv, lossis kev hloov pauv tom qab kev lag luam uas tau pib nyob rau ib nrab xyoo thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tsav los ntawm kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej technology thiab nws txoj kev koom tes ntau ntxiv hauv txhua qhov chaw hauv zej zog. Ib qho tshwj xeeb yog qhov nce ntau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm robotization ntawm kev lag luam pib, lub luag haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev ua haujlwm tau poob qis, qhov kev thov rau cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tab tom loj hlob. Nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tom qab kev lag luam ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv txhua qhov chawsociety.
Technology Development
Technology Development

Lub tswv yim thib ob ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob tau muab tso rau los ntawm Daniel Bell, tus kws tshaj lij Asmeskas. Tsis zoo li nws cov npoj yaig, Toffler, Tswb tau faib cov theem ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib qho kev kawm lossis ib theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tswb tau txheeb xyuas peb hom kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis:

  1. Kev tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub xyoo pua 18th.
  2. Kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo pua 19th.
  3. Invention of the computer and the Internet in the 20th century.
chav cav
chav cav

Lub tswv yim ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob

Lub tswv yim hauv qab no ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej tau tsim los ntawm Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov, tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet thiab Lavxias. Nws faib keeb kwm ntawm noob neej ua tsib theem, nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hloov pauv:

  1. Tsim hom lus sib txuas lus.
  2. Kev qhia txog kev sau ntawv rau tib neeg lub neej nyob rau xyoo VI-IV txhiab xyoo BC. Tau tshwm sim hauv ntau thaj tsam ib zaug: Tuam Tshoj, Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Central America.
  3. Tsim thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th thiab tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm luam ntawv, uas yog ib tug impetus rau kev vam meej.
  4. Tshaj tawm ntawm xov tooj, xov tooj, xov tooj cua hauv 19th thiab ntxov 20th centuries. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.
  5. Invention of the computer and the Internet in the second half of the 20th century. Qhov no tau ua kom muaj kev loj hlob tsis tau pom dua hauv cov ntaub ntawv sphere, qhib kev nkag mus rau kev paubyuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv xav tau thiab ua kom lawv txaus siab.

Txoj kev ntawm kev lag luam tom qab kev lag luam

Kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm txhua tus neeg ntawm tib neeg. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub thib peb thev naus laus zis kiv puag ncig, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub zej zog nkag mus rau hauv lub post-industrial era, yog nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus technology txoj kev loj hlob, qhia nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tsis muaj kev tawm tsam rog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm scientific kev paub. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tsis muaj dab tsi sawv ntawm txoj kev vam meej. Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub kiv puag ncig thev naus laus zis yog kev nqis peev hauv kev tsim cov peev txheej zoo ib puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev txhim kho rau cov thev naus laus zis uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau ecology ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua cov khoom tseem ceeb.

Cov yees tsis raug mob
Cov yees tsis raug mob

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev vam meej

Ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tshawb fawb. Kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ua rau muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb nrog ib leeg. Cov dej num uas noob neej tau teeb tsa rau nws tus kheej hauv lub npe ntawm kev nce qib tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev siv tag nrho cov peev txheej uas nws muaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hom phiaj thoob ntiaj teb no yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas, nws zoo li, yuav nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Muaj ntau yam kev kawm txuj ci tsim nyog tau tsim, uas tau nthuav tawm lawv lub peev xwm thaum lub sij hawm thev naus laus zis hloov pauv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm tib neeg, xws li kev puas siab puas ntsws thiabkev lag luam. Cais, kev qhuab qhia tshiab tab tom tsim, piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm qhov thib peb kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis, ntau thiab ntau qhov tshwj xeeb lossis cov haujlwm tshiab tshwm sim.

Kev loj hlob ntawm science
Kev loj hlob ntawm science

Industrial Revolution

Industrial, lossis industrial-technological kiv puag ncig yog kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas cuam tshuam rau txoj kev tsim khoom. Nws yog nws uas tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, txij li ua tsaug rau nws lub hnub yug ntawm lub Hoobkas tsim khoom tau tshwm sim thiab lub zog tau muab rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb no yog ib qho tsis ncaj ncees tshaj plaws rau tib neeg. Daim ntawv qhia thev naus laus zis ntawm kev hloov pauv kev lag luam, kev ua tiav thiab teeb meem yuav raug txiav txim siab.

Chav locomotive drawing
Chav locomotive drawing

Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam

  1. Ib nrab automation ntawm ntau lawm thiab hloov ntawm kev siv tes ua haujlwm. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tam sim no cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm cov tshuab tsim tshwj xeeb rau ib yam. Txiv neej tsuas yog pib tswj cov tshuab no, saib xyuas lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kho lawv cov dej num.
  2. Hloov kev pom. Lub kiv puag ncig thev naus laus zis, raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, tau cuam tshuam rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv zej zog. Ua tsaug rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem tau pib nrhiav kev rhuav tshem qee qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lub koom haum tau dhau los ua kev xav ywj pheej ntau dua, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas.
  3. Kev kawm txuj ci. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lawm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nyiaj ntau dua rau kev tshawb fawb thiabkab lis kev cai. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab uas txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej thiab tsim ib qho tshiab, tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm thiab kev nyeem ntawv.
  4. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb. Cov thawj coj hauv lub ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm kev kawm txuj ci thiab kab lis kev cai. Lawv yog cov uas tau tsav txoj kev vam meej mus tom ntej. Cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog lub xeev loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim ntau pua xyoo dhau los ua ntej lwm lub tebchaws.
  5. Kev nce hauv kev ua neej nyob. Cov kiv puag ncig kev lag luam tau ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab peev, uas ua rau muaj kev nce qib hauv kev ua neej nyob ntawm tib neeg. Ua ke nrog kev kawm txuj ci, qhov no tso cai rau ib tug neeg ua neej zoo dua nws cov poj koob yawm txwv.
Ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom
Ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom

Flaws of the Industrial Revolution

  1. Kev poob haujlwm. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, nws yuav zoo li, yuav tsum tsim cov hauj lwm tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov peev txheej ua rau tsim kev poob haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom thaum muaj teeb meem ntawm overproduction.
  2. Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus tau dhau los ua qhov qub nyob rau xyoo 19th thiab 20th. Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tau qias neeg. Hauv qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm, hnub ua haujlwm mus txog 16 teev. Lub Hoobkas tsim los kuj tau them nyiaj tsis zoo.
  3. Ideological confrontation. Cov kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov tsis paub qab hau. Kev loj hlob tsis sib xws ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam, kev kub ntxhov, kev tsov kev rog thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Pom zoo: