Teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv thaj chaw Arctic suab puam. Environmental teeb meem thiab lawv ua

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Lub Arctic nyob thaj tsam ntawm qhov siab latitudes, ciam teb uas yog Arctic Vajvoog. Lub ecosystem tsis yooj yim ntawm thaj av ntawd cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab tib neeg kev ua ub no. Cov ntawv thov tau teev cov teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv thaj tsam Arctic suab puam thiab tag nrho thaj chaw, suav nrog Arctic Dej hiav txwv nrog seas, coasts thiab Islands tuaj.

teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv Arctic

Lub ntuj thiab thaj chaw ntawm thaj av tau cuam tshuam nrog nws txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv siab latitudes thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej ecosystem. Hauv xyoo 1991, tsoomfwv ntawm cov tebchaws uas muaj thaj chaw dhau ntawm Arctic Circle tau txais yuav Lub Tswv Yim rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig Arctic. Tom qab 5 xyoos, Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm tau kos npe hauv Ottawa thiab Arctic Council tau tsim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom muaj kev txhim kho ruaj khov ntawm thaj av polar. Tam sim no UN ib puag ncig kev pab cuam, uas yog UNEP, tau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig:

• ua paug ntawm hiav txwv Arctic nrog cov khoom siv roj;
• huab cua sov ua raumelting polar ice caps;
• nce ntses thiab lwm yam nqaij nruab deg;
• hloov chaw nyob ntawm cov kab mob hauv Arctic;
• txo qis pejxeem ntawm cov tsiaj polar;
• hnyav shipping.

Climate change

Ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, thaj chaw Arctic suab puam tam sim no nyob thaj chaw me me ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Greenland, Eurasia, North America, archipelagos thiab Islands tuaj ntawm Arctic Ocean. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm huab cua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev dhau ntawm Arctic Circle yog nce nrawm dua li lwm thaj chaw. Qhov no twb tau ua rau txo qis ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw ntuj, thiab yav tom ntej nws yuav ploj mus.

Kev nyab xeeb tau sov dua, ntawm daim ntawv qhia thaj tsam ntawm Arctic suab puam yog txhua qhov chaw hloov los ntawm tundra. Qhov no hem nrog kev ploj tuag ntawm ntau hom tsiaj thiab fauna hloov mus rau qhov ntsuas kub uas twb muaj lawm. Lub neej ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm Arctic kuj raug kev hem thawj, vim hais tias tau ntau pua xyoo lub neej ntawm cov pejxeem tau tsim muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tsiaj thiab nroj ntiaj teb.

Melting Arctic daus thiab dej khov

Lub Chaw Pabcuam Hydrometeorological ntawm Russia dhau los 30 xyoo dhau los tau sau tseg tias qhov txo qis hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov dej khov hauv hiav txwv sab qaum teb. Melting tus nqi nce nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev txo qis hauv ob npaug ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov dej khov npog tau tshwm sim. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov txheej txheem no yuav txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws lub xyoo pua 21st. Ib puag ncigteeb meem ntawm lub hiav txwv, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov qhov chaw dej ntawm lub Arctic yuav luag tag nrho cov dej khov. Cov dej ntws ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Arctic yuav qhib ua ntej. Cov kev hloov pauv yuav cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw loj ntau pua thiab txhiab mais ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.

huab cua thiab dej paug

Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv thaj av Arctic thiab tundra yog txuam nrog kev hloov ntawm huab cua huab cua los ntawm thaj chaw industrialized ntawm sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Russia, Central thiab Northern Europe. Muaj qhov poob ntawm qhov hu ua acid nag - aqueous daws ntawm sulfur thiab nitrogen oxides. Cov nag lossis daus no cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov ecosystem tsis yooj yim ntawm Arctic, rhuav tshem cov txheej nyias ntawm cov av hauv tundra, thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem ua rau muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv thaj chaw Arctic suab puam yog mining thiab thauj. Lub cheeb tsam kuj muaj cov tub rog hauv paus thiab cov chaw ua lag luam uas ua cov khoom siv raw. Ecosystem suav nrog:

• Kev tawm thiab cov dej tawm los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev siv hluav taws xob;
• khoom tsim khoom thiab ua cov khoom siv hydrocarbon (roj, roj);
• hnyav hlau thiab lwm yam pov tseg los ntawm kev tsim khoom hlau;
• qee yam tshuaj lom (phenol, ammonia thiab lwm yam);
• ntau yam kab mob kis los ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv ntug dej hiav txwv;
• khib nyiab los ntawm cov nkoj siv los ntawm cov roj nuclear.

Kev kwv yees ntawm ib puag ncig qhov xwm txheej hauvArctic

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nyob rau thaj tsam qaum teb qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, thaj tsam ntawm Arctic suab puam tshwj xeeb, yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau cov neeg muaj kuab paug muaj zog. Lub ntim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub continental txee yuav nce, qhov twg cov extraction thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm ntuj raw cov ntaub ntawv twb tau intensively nqa tawm. Kaum tawm txhiab tus roj rigs yog siv cov roj hauv Arctic, nrog rau ib qho ntawm ob lub roj xau, raws li cov pab pawg ib puag ncig.

Teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv thaj chaw Arctic suab puam. Biodiversity poob

Cov fauna ntawm cov dej khov txias nthuav dav dhau ntawm Arctic Circle yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tsiaj me me. Tsis muaj cov tsiaj reptiles lossis amphibians nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Tus naj npawb ntawm hom noog yog kwv yees li 4 npaug ntau dua li cov tsiaj nyeg. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov noog, lawv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw raws caij nyoog, thiab muaj peev xwm taug kev mus ntev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav zaub mov. Ntawm cov Islands tuaj thiab ntug dej hiav txwv, qhov chaw me me ntawm Arctic deserts, tsiaj ntiaj teb yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab noog. Muaj walruses, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, polar bears, arctic hma liab, lemmings. Feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm waterfowl yog ducks, eiders, guillemots thiab guillemots.

Teeb meem ib puag ncig hauv thaj chaw Arctic suab puam yog txuam nrog "cov noog thaj tsam" - cov noog txawv txawv. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev taug kev, thiab lawv yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ua zes.

Kev txuag ntuj dhau ntawm Arctic Circle

Cov kws tshaj lijsib cav tias kev yos hav zoov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm Arctic. Piv txwv li, cov neeg yos hav zoov hauv cov dej uas muaj nyob rau hauv Russia txhua xyoo sau txog 300 polar bears.

Lwm yam kev hem thawj hauv cheeb tsam no xav tau kev saib xyuas txuas ntxiv ntawm cov koom haum ib puag ncig:

• kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig;
• loj hlob anthropogenic load;
• nce ntxiv ntawm cov pov tseg, qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv pov tseg;
• kev nyab xeeb hloov.

Ib txhij nrog cov dej khov yaj, thaj tsam ntawm permafrost kuj poob qis, thiab cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai hydrometeorological tshwm sim ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm lub phiab no. Cov neeg hauv paus txawm thiab cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob saum lub Arctic Circle kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm thaj av. Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm Arctic tsis tsuas yog hauv cheeb tsam tab sis kuj tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, Arctic reserves tau tsim los khaws cov tsiaj qus, tiv thaiv xwm ntawm cov pa phem thiab degradation. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv: Kandalaksha, Bolshoi Arktichny, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.