"Musquito" - missile tiv thaiv nkoj

Cov txheej txheem:

"Musquito" - missile tiv thaiv nkoj
"Musquito" - missile tiv thaiv nkoj

Video: "Musquito" - missile tiv thaiv nkoj

Video:
Video: Mosquito Action! The Real 633 Squadron 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tej zaum, nws yog lub xeev ntawm cov tub rog uas tuaj yeem muab qhov kev ntsuas txaus ntawm lub tebchaws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv thiab kev lag luam. Thiab ntawm no qhov teeb meem tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi siab heev ntawm kev tswj cov nkoj thiab submarines. Lub dav hlau niaj hnub no yog kev lag luam hauv kev tshawb fawb, qhov twg cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab kev tawm tsam tshiab tau sim thawj zaug.

yoov tshaj cum
yoov tshaj cum

Yog tias thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob hnyav kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev tiv thaiv muaj zog thiab cov dav hlau yooj yim rau cov kiv cua-tsav dav hlau tswj lub pob, tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv ntau. Cov tub rog ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws "nrog nkoj" tau nquag siv cov neeg tua hluav taws me me thiab tsis muaj zog, lub luag haujlwm ntawm submarines tau nce zuj zus, thiab cov neeg nqa dav hlau tau txiav txim siab nkaus xwb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam rau hem lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv huab cua..

Ntxiv rau, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj tam sim no tsis zoo ib yam ntxiv lawm: cov neeg tawm tsam feem ntau tsis pom ib leeg txawm nyob rau lub qab ntug, thiab kev yeej yeej tau lees paub los ntawm cov riam phom muaj zog missile, ib qho kev sib tw uas tuaj yeem xa tau zoo.loj yeeb ncuab nkoj mus rau hauv qab. Peb lub teb chaws muaj cov cuab yeej zoo heev - Mosquito system. Lub foob pob hluav taws no, uas tau tsim rov qab rau hauv USSR, yog ib txoj hauv kev ntseeg tau los lav kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

Pib txhim kho

Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim riam phom no pib xyoo 1973. Kaum tawm ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb thiab tsim bureaus los ntawm thoob plaws lub USSR koom nyob rau hauv lub creation. "Musquito" yog ib lub foob pob hluav taws thaum xub thawj tsim los hloov cov hom riam phom zoo sib xws thiab npaj rau kev teeb tsa rau cov nkoj tua hluav taws thiab cov nkoj tua hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua ekranoplans tau nruab nrog nws.

Ua ntej nws raug lees txais rau hauv kev pabcuam, lub foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum tau mus dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb uas tsis tau pib txog xyoo 1978. Qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm "Sandy Balka" kev cob qhia hauv av, qhov twg thawj qhov kev sim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej tau ua tiav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov cav tseem ceeb tau kuaj xyuas. Cov kev xeem hauv xeev txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1982.

Lawv tau lees paub tias ua tiav tsuas yog tom qab kev tua ntawm Desperate destroyer, nyob hauv Barents Hiav Txwv. Cov hom phiaj raug tua los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 27 km, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ntaus ob lub hom phiaj ib zaug. Lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no zoo kawg nkaus.

yoov tshaj cum anti-ship missile
yoov tshaj cum anti-ship missile

Feem ntau, tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm sim no, lub foob pob hluav taws tau pib tam sim ntawd 15 zaug, thiab kev vam meej tau ua tiav hauv yim kis, ua tiav ib nrab - hauv tsib. Tsuas yog ob qhov kev tso tawm tau xaus rau qhov ua tsis tiav. Tab sis Mosquito tsis tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm lub domestic fleet! Rocket rau lwm tsib xyoos, nrogLos ntawm 1983 mus rau 1985, nws tau raug rau ntau yam kev tsim kho thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub kom txog thaum nws lub peev xwm thaum kawg tau lees paub tias txaus.

Yog li, thawj zaug kev ya davhlau tau nce yuav luag rau (!) zaug, ncav cuag ib daim duab ntawm 125 mais, thiab nws kuj tau ua tiav nrog Lun ekranoplan, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm yuav luag tag nrho. ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm USSR, muab kev siv lub missile no.

Tso tawm, hloov kho

Nws tau tsim thiab tab tom tsim nws txoj Kev Txhim Kho, nyob hauv thaj chaw Primorsky. Lub foob pob hluav taws tau rov pom dua ob qho tib si hauv Zhukovsky (MAKS) thiab ntawm txhua lub ntiaj teb kev nthuav qhia riam phom (hauv Abu Dhabi, piv txwv li).

Tsuas yog thaum ntxov 80s, lub complex tau raug lees paub los ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws uas koom nrog hauv chav kawm "Modern", qhov project 956, thiab hauv 1984 lawv tau pib txhim kho cov cuaj luaj nrog lub launcher KT-190. Lub dav hlau "Mosquito" tau tsim sai sai. Lub foob pob hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum xyoo 1992 thiab 1994.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Lub complex thiab missile tau tsim los rhuav tshem ntau pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj nkoj, thauj amphibious, nrog rau cov nkoj thauj khoom thiab ib lub hom phiaj. Qhov no kuj suav nrog hovercraft thiab dej tis, uas mus txog rau thaum ntawd tau xyaum invulnerable rau missile riam phom vim lawv siab marching ceev.

cruise missile yoov tshaj cum
cruise missile yoov tshaj cum

Txhim kho cov nkoj nrog kev hloov pauv mus txog 20,000tons. Qhov ua tau lub hom phiaj ceev - mus txog 100 pob. Lub missile tuaj yeem ntaus tus yeeb ncuab txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab radar tawm tsam los ntawm yav tas los. Huab cua nyuaj thiab climatic yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Mosquito anti-ship missile nws tus kheej tuaj yeem siv tau zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -25 txog +50 degrees Celsius.

Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm

Hiav txwv nthwv dej thaum siv "Musquito" tuaj yeem ncav cuag rau lub ntsiab lus ib zaug (yog tias lub hom phiaj me me - txog tsib), thiab cua ceev (nws cov kev taw qhia tsis muaj teeb meem) - txog 20 meters ib ob. Cov neeg tsim qauv hauv tebchaws Soviet tau tswj hwm los tsim lub foob pob hluav taws uas tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj txawm tias muaj kev tawg nuclear.

foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum
foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum

Dab tsi yog huab cua tiv thaiv nkoj "Moskit" tus yam ntxwv los ntawm? Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tsis txawv ntawm naval version. Lub complex no tuaj yeem nruab nrog Su-33 (Su-27K) thiab lwm lub dav hlau uas tuaj yeem ua nkoj raws li.

Txoj kev sib tw

Ntau tus xav tias Mosquito complex nws tus kheej tsuas muaj ib lub foob pob hluav taws xwb, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Nws suav nrog ntau yam ntawm lawv ib zaug: tus qauv tiv thaiv nkoj, supersonic, qis-siab ntau yam, rau kev ntaus lub hom phiaj hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav huab cua tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov phiaj xwm nrog "ntse" kev taw qhia ZM-80. Kev tswj hwm kev tso tawm yog lub luag haujlwm rau 3Ts-80 system, KT-152M kev taw qhia kev teeb tsa. Yog hais tias peb tham txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nrog ib tug nyob ruaj ruaj puag ntawm lub complex, ceskev tswj hwm yog coj los ntawm ib qho nyuaj KNO 3F80.

Specifications

Lub foob pob hluav taws yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm lub teeb, nws qhov kev teeb tsa yog tsim raws li cov txheej txheem aerodynamic classical. Cov duab ntawm lub qhov ntswg yog animated, qhov chaw ntawm lub plumage thiab tis yog X-puab. Cov tis thiab plumage yog foldable rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kho nyob rau hauv lub thawv tso tawm. Cov cua nkag tau pom meej meej ntawm lub cev, thiab lub xov tooj cua-pob tshab spinner tau teeb tsa rau ntawm sab xub ntiag.

Lwm yam ntxwv tseem ceeb dua:

  • Ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws - los ntawm 9.4 mus rau 9.7 meters (nyob ntawm kev hloov kho thiab basing).
  • Kev nrawm nrawm - mus txog Mach 2.8.
  • Kev tua tsawg kawg yog 10 km.
  • Pib nyhav - los ntawm 4 mus rau 4.5 tons.
  • Qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau yog los ntawm 300 txog 320 kg.
  • Txoj sia nyob hauv lub thawv tso tawm - txog li 1.5 xyoo.
  • Tam sim no, cov foob pob hluav taws hloov kho tshiab tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj thaum pib los ntawm cov chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm qhov deb txog li 240 mais.
foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum photo
foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum photo

tshuaj dawb huv titanium, qib high-qib steel alloys thiab fiberglass tau dav siv hauv kev tsim khoom.

Lub zog cog ua ke. Muaj lub cav pib hmoov uas rub lub foob pob hluav taws tawm ntawm lub thawv tso tawm, nrog rau lub dav hlau dav hlau lub zog cog 3D83. Cov hmoov accelerator yog nyob ncaj qha rau hauv lub ntsiab cav nozzle. Nws hlawv tag nrho hauv thawj peb mus rau plaub vib nas this, tom qab ntawd nws cov seem raug thawb tawm los ntawm huab cua.

kev qhia

Txoj kev taw qhia kuj ua raws li kev sib koom ua ke. Navigation - hom inertial, nrog rau lub taub hau active-passive radar. Lub "qhov tseem ceeb" yog qhov kev tswj hwm kev taug kev, vim tias qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj yog ua kom ntseeg tau txawm tias nws muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm 0.94 txog 0.98.

Lub davhlau tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm ntau dua ob zaug, thiab lub foob pob hluav taws mus raws txoj kev nyuaj heev. Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub community launch, lub projectile ua ib tug classic "swb", ces muaj lub siab tshaj plaws qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob - mus rau ib tug qhov siab ntawm 20 meters. Thaum cuaj kilometers nyob twj ywm rau lub hom phiaj, muaj ib tug txawm sharper poob, mus rau ib tug siab ntawm xya meters, tom qab uas lub foob pob ua ntxaij mus literally hla lub crests ntawm lub nthwv dej, maneuvering tus nab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau, ntau maneuvers yuav ua tau, thiab overloads ntau tshaj 10G.

Tau lub hom phiaj

Vim yog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no, Mosquito missile (thiab Malachite, nws cov thawj coj) ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau yuav luag txhua lub nkoj muaj yeeb ncuab. Ua ke nrog lwm lub nkoj tiv thaiv ntug hiav txwv, lawv txo qis rau qhov zoo li ntawm "bloodless" yeeb ncuab tsaws.

foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum thiab malachite
foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum thiab malachite

Kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj tau lees paub los ntawm lub zog kinetic qhov kawg thiab tawg muaj zog hauv lub nkoj lub nkoj. Ib lub foob pob hluav taws yuav yooj yim tso lub nkoj mus rau hauv qab, thiab 15-17 daim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab nkoj pawg. Tshwj xeeb yog zoocruise missile "Mosquito" nyob rau hauv uas nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom khiav tawm. Nws qhov kev tshawb pom tshwm sim tsuas yog 3-4 vib nas this ua ntej hluav taws sib cuag nrog lub hom phiaj, thiab yog li ntawd lub qub Soviet txoj kev loj hlob tseem muaj kev hwm thiab ntshai los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv txhua lub ntiaj teb navies.

Nyob thiab lub xeev ntawm kos duab

SCRC "Moskit" tau teeb tsa loj heev rau ntawm cov phiaj xwm 956 (ob lub quad complexes txhua), cov nkoj tiv thaiv submarine ntawm qhov project 11556 "Admiral Lobov", nrog rau yuav luag txhua lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws ntawm qhov project 1241.9. Nws tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm lub nkoj me me ntawm qhov project 1239 (hovercraft), ntawm cov nkoj ntawm qhov project 1240, nrog rau ntawm Lun ekranoplane tau hais los saum toj no, uas lub foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias Moskit missile, cov yam ntxwv uas tau muab los saum toj no, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv, nrog rau kev tsav dav hlau ntug hiav txwv, tau teeb tsa rau Su-27K (Su-33) dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug projectile raug coj mus rau lub nkoj, uas yog ncua los ntawm sab nraum lub fuselage ntawm lub cav nacelles.

Kev txhim kho ntau yam

Tam sim no xyoo 1981, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj, raws li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho lub cav txhawb nqa kom nce qhov ntau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws. Qhov no yog li cas lub foob pob hluav taws Moskit-M tau tshwm sim, kaum qhov kev tshaj tawm ua ntej uas tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1987 txog 1989. Soviet engineers tswj kom nce qhov ntau tam sim ntawd mus rau 153 kilometers, thiab cov hloov kho version tau txais lub npe 3M-80E.

Tam sim no, Mosquito foob pob ua ntxaij,daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm yuav muab ntsia tau rau yuav luag tag nrho cov hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab destroyers thiab lwm yam warships, xws li missile nkoj, thiab kuj yog exported. Nws raug tso cai rau mount nws (raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg siv khoom) ntawm cov nkoj tsim nyog txawv teb chaws.

Qhov tseem ceeb

Nws yog Mosquito missile, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo uas tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm no, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib lub nkoj ib zaug. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog xws li hais tias lawv muab lub nkoj me me missile yuav luag cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm ib tug destroyer. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim ib lub nkoj uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau ntau lub sij hawm yam tsis tau txi nws cov kev sib ntaus sib tua. Muab qhov ntev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm USSR, qhov no tseem ceeb heev.

foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum m
foob pob hluav taws yoov tshaj cum m

Ntawm lwm yam, xws li riam phom tawm tsam tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no, thaum ib txwm muaj kev sib koom ua ke hauv hiav txwv ntawm cov nkoj tab tom pib rov tsim dua hauv Lavxias Federation. Tam sim no, tsis muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia cov nkoj loj rau hauv Navy, yog li kev cia siab ntawm kev tsim cov neeg tua hluav taws uas muaj Mosquitoes ntawm lub nkoj yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Yog li ntawd, lub Soviet txoj kev loj hlob tseem yog heev, ntev heev mus so.

Pom zoo: