Rocket RS 26 "Rubezh" ("Vanguard"): specifications thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Qhov tiag tiag kev saws me nyuam los ntawm Lavxias Army ntawm RS 26 "Rubezh" ("Vanguard") foob pob hluav taws ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj nyob rau sab hnub poob. Nws zoo nkaus li yog ib qho xwm txheej zoo tib yam. Lub tuam txhab kev lag luam tshiab tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog, cov kev sim tau dhau los, cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws muaj kev txhawj xeeb tau raug ceeb toom txog lawv, txawm tias cov tub ceev xwm Asmeskas tuaj txog ntawm kev tua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus thov tau ua tam sim ntawd, uas feem ntau tuaj yeem txo qis rau qhov tseeb tias hom riam phom no yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom nruab nrab lossis luv luv, uas ua txhaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1987 INF Treaty.

International Nuclear Disarmament Treaties

Kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb txhawm rau txwv cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm riam phom nuclear tau xaus ntau zaus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm L. I. Brezhnev, thawj zaug tau sim kom txo tau qhov kev siv ntawm confrontation ntawm ob lub superpowers, txhua tus muaj peev xwm mus rov qab rhuav tshem tag nrho lub neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev hloov pauv sai ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv, Soviet txoj cai txawv teb chaws txoj kab hloov pauv, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog. Neeg Asmeskas. Kev cog lus loj heev los ntawm USSR tau ua tiav tsuas yog thaum tus thawj coj hluas M. S. Gorbachev los ua lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv 1987, ib daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm intermediate thiab luv-ntu missile launchers. Qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau xyoo ob ntawm kev tshaj tawm Perestroika yog qhov nyuaj. Muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm ntau yam khoom uas niaj hnub no, kev sib tw caj npab tau ua rau cov nyiaj tsis zoo uas twb muaj lawm, thiab kev kho dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau qhov tseeb keeb kwm ua rau muaj teeb meem loj ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev coj ncaj ncees hauv Soviet zej zog. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias qhov kev cog lus hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau USSR hauv thaj chaw geopolitical lossis lub tswv yim, nws ua rau lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau zoo, tab sis, qhov tseeb, lub taub hau tshiab ntawm lub xeev tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv. Thiab nws tau kos npe rau nws, tej zaum tsis nkag siab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tau muab. Niaj hnub no peb tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no lub hom phiaj thiab ua siab ntev.

RMSD

Qhov teeb meem muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lub peev xwm nuclear ntawm USSR thiab Tebchaws Meskas tsis yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom xwb, tab sis ntawm lwm qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog lub sijhawm ya. Yog tias koj saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia thaj chaw zoo tib yam nrog cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm NATO lub teb chaws thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau cim rau ntawm nws, tom qab ntawd cov lus nug uas muaj tseeb tshwm sim txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm lawv qhov muaj nyob hauv cov lej, thiab txawm nyob ze rau peb ciam teb. Yog hais tias, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib co kev txawv teb chaws txoj cai ntsoog, ib tug txiav txim siab mus tawm tsam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ib ncig ntawm Russia, yuav muaj tsawg heev lub sij hawm rau kev ua pauj. Countermeasures tuaj yeem theoreticallyyuav pib missile launches ntawm lub hauv paus nrog launchers. Cov hom phiaj no zoo nkauj heev. Yuav kom kov yeej lawv, yuav tsum muaj cov foob pob hluav taws luv luv lossis nruab nrab, uas tau txwv los ntawm 1987 INF Treaty. Tab sis qhov twg yog qhov ballistic strategic RS 26 tau ua nrog nws? Txoj kab uas lawv tsim nyob rau ntawm peb ciam teb yog vim muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv ntau yam.

Frontier yog chav twg?

Rau tus neeg uas nyob deb ntawm cov lus nug ntawm lub tswv yim, nws yuav zoo li tias qhov deb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem ya tau, qhov zoo dua. Qhov no tsis yog tseeb kiag li. Cov lus no tsis raug raws li kev tshaj tawm sledgehammer zoo thiab zoo tib yam rauj phem. Launching ib lub missile intercontinental ballistic ntawm lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv 200-300 los yog txawm 1,500 kilometers deb yog technically tsis yooj yim sua. Nws tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas xav tau. ICBMs suav nrog cov nqa khoom ballistic nrog ntau tshaj 5,000 km. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm 150 txog 5.5 txhiab km yog suav tias yog qhov nruab nrab lub vojvoog. Cov lus nug tshwm sim raws li chav kawm twg RS-26 Rubezh missile belongs rau? Nws cov yam ntxwv yog txwv ob qho tib si ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws (6 txhiab km) thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus (2 txhiab km). Nws muaj peev xwm ntaus launchers nyob ze ntawm ciam teb Lavxias teb sab, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States los yog lwm lub teb chaws uas yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug muaj siab mus tua Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lub ntiaj teb no tsis nyiam heev los ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Asmeskas kev tswj hwm nuclear, thiab lawv tau quaj tawm rau xyoo 1987 treaty.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv hais txogfoob pob hluav taws

Nws tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua radii uas baffles Pentagon tus kws tshaj lij. Lawv pom qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv lub peev xwm ntawm RS 26 "Rubezh" kom kov yeej missile tiv thaiv systems. Lub missile warhead tau muab faib ua plaub lub taub hau, uas yog coj tus kheej thiab txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej maneuvering engine. Cov tub ceev xwm muaj peev xwm tsis tshaj tawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, txawm hais tias lawv tseem tab tom npaj qee qhov "xov xwm". Lub missile RS 26 "Rubezh" feem ntau tsis yog siv rau kev siv ncaj qha rau nws lub hom phiaj, nws feem ntau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm, thiab yog tias lawv tsis paub txog lawv tus kheej qhov tsis zoo, ces tag nrho cov kev siv zog siv rau nws. kev tsim yuav tsis muaj nuj nqis.

Tsim

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm RS 26 "Rubezh" ICBM yog qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig hauv xovxwm. Nws paub tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm plaub lub ntsiab ntawm lub taub hau yog 1.2 megatons (4 x 300 kt). Lub architecture ntawm peb-theem projectile rov ua dua cov qauv ntawm Topol thiab Yars, tab sis nws qhov hnyav yog tsawg vim yog siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog polymer. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshiab kev tswj hwm thiab kev taw qhia tseem tau tshaj tawm, uas ua haujlwm raws li qhov tshwj xeeb algorithm uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm khiav tawm cov khoom txaus ntshai (anti-missiles) thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kheej tsim aperiodic hloov pauv hauv kev nrawm thiab kev taw qhia uas tiv thaiv lub taub hau ntawm kev ntaus hauv davhlau. Qhov algorithm no tso cai rau nws kom muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua, txawm tias 35 lub foob pob hluav taws raug rho tawm haujlwm los cuam tshuam. Zog,tsim los ntawm lub cav thaum tso tawm, lav nkag mus rau hauv chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua txawm tias dhau los ntawm huab cua ntawm kev tawg nuclear. Qhov no yog impressive.

Cov khoom tsim tawm

Qhov nce hauv qhov hnyav thiab lub zog-rau-hnyav piv ntawm RS 26 Rubezh ballistic missile yog vim ob yam: hom roj tshiab thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov theem lub cev thiab fairings. Ib lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tau siv, tsim ntawm Spetsmash thiab hu ua "tag nrho-qhov txhab". Nws yog technologically complex, thiab polymer threads, los ntawm qhov chaw yog woven zoo li ib tug cocoon, yog ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb organo-tshuaj lom ntau lawm, tab sis nws tseem muaj peev xwm piav nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv. Cov xov sib txuas-polymer (aramid fiber) yog qhov raug mob rau ntawm lub tog raj kheej tshwj xeeb lossis lwm lub cev uas yuav tsum tau ua. Tom qab ntawd cov hlua khi no yog impregnated nrog tus neeg sawv cev astringent. Tom qab kho, lub cev tau txais uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 850 degrees thiab muaj zog txhua yam kev ntxhov siab. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw polymer no qis dua li cov hlau.

Roj

Yog tias ib yam dab tsi yog lub xeev zais cia, nws yog cov khoom siv roj siv hauv RS 26 "Rubezh". Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub missile yog xws li hais tias nws yuav nyuaj heev los cuam tshuam nws, txawm tias lub warheads tsis muaj peev xwm mus maneuver nyuaj heev. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov roj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog uas tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm nws loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion tseem ceeb, tsis hais qhov kub thiab txias,barometric lossis humidity ntsuas ntawm ib puag ncig. HMX-raws li cov roj hluav taws xob tso tawm cov ntsiab lus tau muab tso rau hauv cov theem ntawm RS 26 "Rubezh". Lawv muab lub davhlau ruaj khov ntawm qhov nrawm heev. Tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv rau cov pej xeem paub. Raws li nws yuav tsum yog.

Chassis

Lub RS 26 "Rubezh" missile tuaj yeem ua raws hauv mines, tab sis nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog siv rau hauv cov chaw txawb. Thaum pib, nws tau npaj yuav siv MZKT-79291 chassis, ua raws li cov qauv 12 x 12, rau nws txoj kev thauj mus los, lub tsheb ntau lub log no yog tsim nyob rau hauv Republic of Belarus. Hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov kev xav no yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev koom tes ntawm cov tsheb hauv kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 68th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev yeej. Cov neeg soj ntsuam tau sau tseg cov tsheb laij teb tshiab tau nthuav tawm ua ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej, uas nws muaj peev xwm nqa tau RS 26 Rubezh. Cov duab thaij hauv Minsk, txawm li cas los xij, tawm tsam cov ntaub ntawv uas KamAZ-7850 chassis lossis Belarusian MZKT-79292 tuaj yeem siv los thauj cov cuaj luaj tshiab.

Cov kws tshaj lij tseem xav txog MZKT-79291 ntau lub log uas nthuav tawm ntawm lub rooj sib txoos ua qhov feem ntau yuav version, txij li lub peev xwm nqa ntawm MZKT-79292 tsis txaus, thiab KamAZ, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj lub zog ntau dhau.

Yog vim li cas rau Western kev txhawj xeeb

Lub foob pob hluav taws RS 24 Yars kuj tau tawm tsam tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub poob, rau kwv yees tib yam li RS 26 Rubezh. Yog vim li cas hom no ballistic nqa ntawm nuclear nqi txaus ntshai rau NATO tiv thaiv systems? Nyob rau peb lub xyoos dhau los, raws li cov neeg sawv cevTebchaws Meskas, lawv lub tebchaws tsis tau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws. Thiab nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub hom phiaj luv luv xwb, thaum lub sijhawm nws yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo los ntsuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub taub hau. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsoo tag nrho plaub lub blocks yog siab heev, nws yog muab los ntawm qhov system ntawm qhov chaw astro- kho. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lub peev xwm tsis muaj kev txwv kom kov yeej cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws - cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm, ib tug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob kim kim uas peb Western "cov phooj ywg" nrhiav qhov chaw ze li sai tau rau ciam teb ntawm Russia yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Rubezh RS-26 missile system tau dhau los ua cov lus teb asymmetric rau kev sim ua kom tsis muaj zog nuclear ntawm Lavxias Federation los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ICBMs.