Rifle "Springfield": piav qhia, specifications, qauv thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Nyob rau xyoo 1898, Asmeskas cov neeg tsim qauv tau sau tseg ntau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tub rog Asmeskas tub rog. Tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los tsim cov riam phom tshiab, zoo dua qub. Raws li ib feem ntawm nws qhov kev siv, American Springfield phom yog tsim los ntawm Mauser bolt-action phom ntes los ntawm cov tub rog Spanish.

Lub Rau Hli 19, 1903 yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov tub rog saws. Twb tau thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tub rog Asmeskas tau siv Springfield M1903 rov ua phom.

Nws pib li cas?

Txij li xyoo 1816, Asmeskas cov tub rog tub rog tau ua tub rog nrog cov muskets smoothbore. Nyob rau hauv 1842, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ntau tshaj riam phom qauv pib ntawm lub Springfield arsenal. Serial ntau lawm twb launched nyob rau hauv 1944. Cov khoom yog thawj American muskets uas cov flintlocks tau hloov nrog percussion caps. Raws li kev tsim kho kev tsim khonws muaj peev xwm ua tau riam phom xws li huab cua.

Musket qhov chaw tau hloov pauv tau thiab tshuab ua. Lub chim nyob rau hauv cov qauv no tau ua tuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws ntxiv txiav. 69 caliber Minier cov mos txwv tau tsim los rau kev tua los ntawm cov riam phom no, tom qab kev sim cov phom loj, cov neeg tsim khoom tau xaus lus tias lub caliber loj dua tsis muaj qhov raug ntaus txaus. Nws tau txiav txim siab los txo qhov caliber "Mignet". Yog li, 1842 phom yog qhov kawg American musket siv caliber 69. Hauv kaum ib xyoo, los ntawm 1844 txog 1855, lub arsenal tsim 275 txhiab units ntawm cov riam phom no. Lub 1855 Springfield phom yog tsim los tua 58 caliber (14.7mm) Minier mos txwv.

Thawj Asmeskas breech-loading phoms

Springfield Rifle 1873 "Lukas" tau siv dav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Asmeskas Khab. Lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj mechanisms hauv riam phom no qhib zoo li lub hatch.

Yog li lub npe ntawm rab phom. Cov qauv muaj ob qho piv txwv: cavalry thiab infantry. Hauv ib feeb, tsis pub ntau tshaj kaum tsib txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no. Cov mos txwv raug rho tawm haujlwm tau ceev txog 410 m / s. Cov phom Springfield 1873 tau ua los ntawm US Army mus txog rau xyoo 1992.

phom tshiab rau Spanish-American War

Cov tub rog Asmeskas uas tau tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Cuba tau siv rab phom ntev ib zaug ntawm 1873 tus qauv. Cov neeg Mev siv German "Mauser" calibre 7 mm.

Tom qab qib siab ntawm US infantry casu alties, cov tub rog Asmeskas cov lus txib hauv xyoo 1900 tau txiav txim siab hloov cov phom uas siv tsis tau sai. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim ib rab phom tshiab thiab mos txwv rau nws tau txais los ntawm Springfield arsenal. Vim tias lub sijhawm ntawd cov neeg tsim riam phom Asmeskas tsis muaj cov qauv zoo uas tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hauv paus rau tus qauv tshiab, lawv tau muab Mauser ntes ua lub hauv paus. Txij li txhua yam hauv Springfield phom ntawm tus qauv 1903 tau theej los ntawm German Mauser, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav tsum them 200 txhiab daus las los patent riam phom tshiab rau Tebchaws Meskas.

Ambition

Tshwj xeeb rau Springfield 1903 phom, American gunsmiths tau tsim cov cartridges tshiab uas tau nruab nrog lub plhaub mos txwv qhov hnyav 14.2 grams. Lub tes tsho ntev yog lub raj mis zoo li lub raj mis thiab tsis muaj welt. Piv nrog rau cov phom loj Krag-Jorgensen, cov mos txwv raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm Springfield phom muaj qhov ceev ntawm 670 m / s. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias rab phom no yog ib daim qauv ntawm Mauser, American version tau saws raws li US Rifle, 30 caliber, M1903.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ib pawg ntawm phom tau ua. Lawv tau muab tam sim ntawd xa mus rau Asmeskas tub rog. Xyoo 1905, Theodore Roosevelt tau muab tus kheej txiav txim los hloov rab phom rab koob bayonet nrog ib tug wedge. Cov riam phom raug xa rov qab mus rau lub Hoobkas. Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg German tau tsim cov cartridges tshiab nrog cov mos txwv. Lub tswv yim no tau txais los ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas. Los ntawm qubmos txwv 1903 qauv (30-03) yuav tsum tau tso tseg. Cov mos txwv ntawm cov mos txwv tshiab ntawm 1906 (30-06) hnyav tsuas yog 9.6 grams, tab sis tsim kom muaj kev kub ceev heev (880 m / s). Cov phom ntev, rov qab mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom kom muaj lub bayonet hloov tshwj xeeb rau cov mos txwv tshiab, tam sim no kuj tau nruab nrog cov tshuab pom tshiab.

Receiver device

Lub ntsiab ntawm rab phom no muaj ib lub thawv ntoo polygonal nrog ib seem U-puab. Tus neeg saib xyuas tau ua ob txoj haujlwm:

Tiv thaiv lub reloading mechanism los ntawm sab nraud mechanical cuam tshuam.
Tiv thaiv tus neeg tua los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub thoob kub.

Hauv qab ntawm lub pob tw tau nruab nrog qhov chaw so tshwj xeeb rau tus kov. Lub forearm ntawm rab phom yog nruab nrog sling swivels, uas cov hlua tau txuas.

Lub thoob tau mounted rau mounts nyob rau pem hauv ntej phab ntsa. Kuj muaj ib tug kov rau reloading. Hauv qhov no ntawm rab phom loj, lub forearm tau fastened thiab cov cartridges siv tau muab rho tawm. Ib lub qhov rais tshwj xeeb tau muab rau hauv phab ntsa tom qab ntawm lub thawv, los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm txuas nrog. Nyob rau hauv lub receiver thawv tau nyob rau hauv lub mechanisms, bolts thiab rov springs. Lub shutter nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug elongated ib feem tau nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb channel rau ib tug asymmetrical drummer. Cov qauv tsim ntawm Springfield phom yog suav tias yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm bolts thiab rov qab springs nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug lever. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov no, fasteners siv los ntawm reciprocating mainspring tau ntsia rau hauv nws qis.

piav qhia kev pom

Lub Springfield phom yog nruab nrog Mauser txoj haujlwm patented ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Raws li cov neeg tua phom, nws zoo ib yam li nws cov German counterpart. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov phom ua Asmeskas.

Thawj zaug, cov phom no tau tua cov mos txwv tsis meej thiab tau nruab nrog cov chaw pom. Ib rab koob bayonet tau suav nrog Springfield phom. Nyob rau hauv 1905, nws yog modernized, thiab tus qauv nws tus kheej underwent hloov tsim qauv. Cov phom phom Hoobkas tau ua tiav nrog cov tshuab pom kev pom. Muaj qhov pom pem hauv ntej ntawm rab phom phom, thiab cov khoom siv lossis lub nplhaib pom nyob tom qab.

Kev hloov mus rau cov mos txwv taw qhia tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov duab pom: tam sim no nws muaj ob lub qhov thiab lub clamp uas muaj lub diopter. Vim li no, qhov pom tuaj yeem hloov kho ob qho tib si hauv ntsug thiab hauv kab rov tav dav hlau. Qhov pom kev tso cai tua ntawm qhov deb tsis pub tshaj 2700 yards.

Springfield ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov phom ntev, tsis zoo li cov qauv niaj hnub, raug rho tawm nrog lub qhov rooj qhib. Raws li cov kiv cua ntawm rab phom, vim qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no, cov phom ntev, tsis zoo li cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom siv rotary phau ntawv, muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, Sprinfield, nrog rau tag nrho ntev ntawm 1097 mm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 3.94 kg, tau los ua ib qho cuab yeej yooj yim rau siv hauv qhov chaw nqaim. Rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes, ib rab phom tau tsim los rau rab phom,uas yooj yim ntsia rau ntawm riam phom. Rau nws hnav zoo, American infantry tau nruab nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb scabbard uas khi rau txoj siv.

Tom qab nias lub khawm, lub zog tshwj xeeb nyob tom qab sear thiab tuav lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab pib tso tawm. Ces lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua yeeb yam ntawm lub lever, teem lub shutter nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab. Tsiv mus rau qhov chaw siab tshaj, nws rub cov mos txwv los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab coj mus rau hauv chav tsev. Kev txhaj tshuaj tau raug rho tawm haujlwm tom qab tus ntaus nruas tsoo lub cartridge primer. Lub resulting recoil dov lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj rov qab mus rau nws thawj txoj hauj lwm. Ib txhij nrog cov txheej txheem no, kev rho tawm ntawm lub tes tsho tau tshwm sim. Kev txhaj tshuaj tom ntej yog ua tau tom qab lub kaw lus rov qab los thiab tau teeb tsa tom qab sear.

Kev hloov kho

Cov phom sij Springfield thoob plaws hauv lawv cov keeb kwm tau rov ua dua qhov kev hloov pauv, uas ua rau pom cov qauv hauv qab no:

Qauv 1903. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pom kev pom thiab siv cov mos txwv tsis meej.
Qauv 1906. Cov phom loj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub chamber thiab pom cov duab tshiab. Cov tom kawg tau nruab nrog tshwj xeeb knurled ntsia hlau. Los ntawm kev tig nws, tus tua tuaj yeem hloov qhov pom thiab tsom mus rau hauv cov dav hlau ntsug thiab kab rov tav.
NM 1903 kev ua si nawv phom. suav tias yog lub hom phiaj riam phom siv los ntawm American National Rifle Association. Los ntawm 1921 txog 1940 ze li ntawm 29,000 units tau ua.

1929 phom. Cov qauv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm rab yaj phom caj dab Tshuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv no "Springfield" lub cylindrical pem hauv ntej pom yuav siv tau raws li kev tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej pom.
riam phom ntawm tus qauv 1942. Ua rau xyoo 1945. Cov duab ntawm lub caj dab ntawm lub tsev so yog semi-pistol. Hauv kev tsim cov pob tw, cov hlua khi, cov nplhaib thiab namushniks, txoj kev stamping tau siv. Lub thoob channel muaj ob grooves. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub diopter pom, koj tuaj yeem tua ntawm qhov deb txog li 800 yards.

thawj tus neeg tua neeg Asmeskas phom phom

Lub 1942 Springfield M1903A4 tau tsim los ntawm kev xaiv cov phom zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug tshaj M1903. Cov qauv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj tiav ntawm bayonet mounts thiab cov qauv pom zoo: pem hauv ntej pom thiab qhib pom. Hloov chaw, riam phom tau nruab nrog qhov muag pom: 2.2x M84, 2.5x M73B1, tsim los ntawm Weaver Co. Cov qauv no tau ua haujlwm nrog US Army txog xyoo 1961. Marine Corps siv rab phom thaum ntxov li xyoo 1969.

Zoo kawg

Yuav lub tswv yim ntawm German "Mauser", cov neeg Amelikas tau tsim lawv cov riam phom zoo heev, uas tau siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab thib ob. Springfield phom muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm riam phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv loj heev. Niaj hnub no, cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov khoom ntiag tug tau dhau los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov qauv.