Panjshir Gorge, Afghanistan: thaj chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim

Cov txheej txheem:

Panjshir Gorge, Afghanistan: thaj chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim
Panjshir Gorge, Afghanistan: thaj chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim

Video: Panjshir Gorge, Afghanistan: thaj chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim

Video: Panjshir Gorge, Afghanistan: thaj chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim
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Panjshir Gorge yog lub roob tob tob nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Afghanistan. Los ntawm 1980 txog 1984, ntau qhov kev ua tub rog tau ua ntawm no nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thaum xyoo 1979-1989 ua tsov rog hauv Afghanistan.

Npe keeb kwm

Lub Panjshir Gorge tau paub txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th. Hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Afghan, nws lub npe txhais tau tias "tsib tsov ntxhuav". Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov hnub lawv hu ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub hwj chim Sultan Mahmud Gaznevi, uas kav nyob rau hauv cov chaw no. Nws yog padishah thiab emir ntawm lub xeev Ghaznavid thaum tig ntawm 10th-11th centuries. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, cov thawj tswj hwm no tau tsim lub pas dej hla tus dej Panjshir hauv ib hmos, uas tseem muaj hnub no. Cov neeg hauv zos ntseeg tias kev ntseeg tob thiab muaj zog tau pab lawv hauv qhov no.

Panjshir yog tus dej loj loj, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus dej Kabul. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm tus dej Indus. Lub Panjshir Valley yog nyob ntawm lub npe nrov Hindu Kush roob. Nws cheeb tsam yog hais txog 3.5 txhiab square kilometers. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tshaj 2,200 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Peak cov ntsiab lus yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 6 txhiab meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Lub zos ntawm Rukh suav hais tias yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Panjersh Gorge. Ntawm nocov txwj laus hauv lub xeev tau nyob.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Gorge

Lub kwj ha yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws tau hais tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsov rog Afghan. Qhov tseeb yog lub hav dej uas ntws los ntawm lub qhov tsua faib Afghanistan mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb.

Nws nyob ntawm no tias qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim hla ntawm ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws mus rau lwm qhov nyob. Lub struts nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ib tug complex system ntawm cov dej ntws thiab tributaries uas hla mus rau lub gorges. Yog li ntawd, lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug zoo heev ntuj vaj tse thaum lub sij hawm hostilities. Lub hav hloov mus rau hauv lub fortress impregnable, organically haum rau kev ua hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm partisan detachments.

Lub Panjshir Gorge yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tsov rog tawm tsam tsoomfwv cov thawj coj hauv xyoo 1975, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog Soviet thaum tsov rog 10 xyoo.

Lub sijhawm tag nrho lub sijhawm uas Soviet Union khaws cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Esxias no, lub qhov tsua uas tsab xov xwm no tau mob siab rau tseem yog qhov chaw kub tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho daim duab qhia ntawm Afghanistan. Nws nyob ntawm no tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim, nws nyob ntawm no tias cov tub rog Soviet raug kev txom nyem loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Rau ntau tus tub rog Soviet thiab tub ceev xwm, Panjshir tseem npau suav phem rau lawv lub neej.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua

panjshir qab
panjshir qab

Kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw no tau coj los ntawm tus muaj zog Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Massoud. Kev saib xyuas ntau tau them rau Salaang dhau, uas feem ntau hu ua "caj pas ntawm Kabul". Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias txoj kev los ntawm Hairatan mus rauKabul. Nws tau suav hais tias yog txoj kev loj loj rau cov tsheb thauj neeg thauj neeg pej xeem thiab tub rog thauj mus rau Afghanistan los ntawm USSR.

Nyob ze lub zos Rukh hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lub npe hu ua thib ob Muslim battalion tau tso tseg, tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 177th cais tshwj xeeb rog detachment. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws suav nrog ib txhiab tus neeg.

Txij li xyoo 1984, 682nd motorized rifle regiment tau ua raws, suav txog ib thiab ib nrab txhiab tus tub rog. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cuaj qhov kev ua haujlwm loj tau ua tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Ahmad Shah Massoud. Ntau tus neeg ua pov thawj ntawm cov xwm txheej tau nco qab tias qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws yog nyob hauv Panjursh Gorge. Cov neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem tawm tsam tsis tu ncua kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

Kev ntxhov siab hauv lub tebchaws no txuas ntxiv tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Soviet xyoo 1989. Ua ntej, kev tawm tsam nrog tsoomfwv ntawm Afghan tus thawj tswj hwm los ntawm 1987 txog 1992, Mohammad Najibullah, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog cov Taliban. Ib qho kev tawm tsam Islamist uas tshwm sim hauv Afghanistan xyoo 1994 ntawm Pashtuns.

Pab neeg ntawm lub gorge

afghan tsov rog
afghan tsov rog

Cov pej xeem ntawm lub hav no, uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Panjshir xeev, kwv yees li ntawm 100 txhiab tus neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau muab rau hauv nruab nrab-80s, thaum cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam nyob ntawd.

Tag nrho cov neeg no tau tawg mus dhau 200 qhov chaw nyob. Tam sim no tsis muaj qhov tseeb ntawm cov pej xeem. Raws li ntau yam kev kwv yees, los ntawm 150 mus rau 300 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv lub qhov tsua. Feem ntau lawv yog Afghan Tajik. Feem ntau, Tajik hauv Afghanistanheev heev. Raws li qee qhov chaw, los ntawm 11 txog 13 lab tus tib neeg, uas yog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv yog cov neeg coob thib ob hauv Afghanistan.

Panjshir - thaj chaw keeb kwm uas Afghan Tajiks nyob. 99% ntawm lawv nyob ntawm no. Lub mining ntawm lithium thiab emeralds yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua. Lub ntsiab attraction yog lub mausoleum ntawm Ahmad Shah Massoud.

Kev tawm tsam nrog Massoud cov tub rog

lub xeev panjshir
lub xeev panjshir

Thaum xyoo 1979, thaum kev ua tsov rog Afghan pib, tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm tsoomfwv Afghan thaum kawg raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov tsua. Nws tau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tus thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam Ahmad Shah Massoud. Tom qab ntawd, nws txawm tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus Panjshur Lion.

Nyob rau xyoo 1979, ib tug thawjcoj tshiab tau los ua nom tswv hauv tebchaws, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan Babrak Karmal. Nws thov kom rov kho lub xeev lub hwj chim tam sim hauv txhua lub xeev. Raws li lub hauv paus no, tsoomfwv cov tub rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog los tawm tsam cov chaw nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab.

Thaj chaw ntawm Panjshir Gorge tau dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem tshaj plaws hauv qhov no. Lub geography ntawm Afghanistan yog xws li hais tias kev nkag mus ntawm no los ntawm txoj kev yog heev txwv vim yog complex roob toj roob hauv pes. Tib txoj kev coj mus rau lub nroog Gulbahor. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yooj yim rau siv nws, txij li Massoud pawg tau tawm tsam hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, Massoud nws tus kheej yog ib lub zos. Qhov no yogtso cai rau nws taug txoj kev zoo dua thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos.

Ntxiv mus, lub kwj ha no yog qhov chaw thauj khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev muab riam phom los ntawm Pakistan thiab lub koom haum ntawm kev cob qhia los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab.

Txoj hmoo ntawm Masood

Geography ntawm afghanistan
Geography ntawm afghanistan

Yog li, qhov tseeb, Ahmad Shah Massoud tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho 10 xyoo nyob hauv Afghanistan. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tau yug los hauv tsev neeg Tajik.

Xyoo 1973, tom qab lub coup d'état, nws raug yuam kom tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau Pakistan. Nyob ntawd nws tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam Islamist coj los ntawm Burhanuddin Rabbani.

Xyoo 1975, nws tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam tsis ua tiav tawm tsam tus tswj hwm Mohammed Daoud. Tom qab ntawd nws tawm tsam cov tub rog Soviet thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Karmal.

Tom qab cov tub rog tawm mus, USSR yeej tau los ua tus kav Masudistan. Qhov no yog lub xeev tus kheej tshaj tawm, uas suav nrog cov xeev nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Afghanistan. Lub peev tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev ntawm Takhar - Talukan. Masudistan muaj nws tus kheej tsoom fwv, txog 2.5 lab tus tib neeg, feem ntau yog Tajiks, nws tus kheej txiaj thiab 60,000-muaj tub rog.

Xyoo 1992, Massoud cov tub rog nkag mus rau Kabul. Tom qab ntawd, Rabbani tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Afghanistan, thiab Massoud tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Minister of Defense. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Soviet tsoom fwv, Masud yuav tsum tau ntsib Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Xyoo 1994, vim muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev tswj hwm Kabul, kwv yees li plaub txhiab tus neeg raug tua, thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej yogpuas tsuaj ntau.

Txawm li cas los xij xyoo 1996, cov Taliban tau txeeb lub zog hauv Afghanistan, thiab Masudistan tau los ua ib feem ntawm Northern Alliance, uas yog coj los ntawm Massoud.

Nws paub tias txij li xyoo 1999 Massoud tau koom tes nrog Asmeskas kev txawj ntse. Yog li ntawd, hauv 2001 nws raug tua thaum sim tua tus kheej. Nws qhia nws tus kheej ua tus sau xov xwm, thiab zais lub foob pob hauv lub koob yees duab video. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, Massoud raug tua ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm bin Laden vim muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg Asmeskas.

Panjshir operations

tus dej panjshir
tus dej panjshir

Thawj Panjshir kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1980. Kev sib ntaus sib tua pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 9. Massoud lub tsev hauv paus tau raug rhuav tshem, tab sis nws tsis muaj peev xwm mus caum cov neeg ntxeev siab rov qab los. Vim muaj kev pab, cov cuab yeej hnyav tsis tuaj yeem hla. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Afghanistan. Lub Panjshir Gorge tsis zoo li impregnable ces.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau lees paub tias ua tiav. Masood pawg tau swb lawm, nws tus kheej khiav mus, raug mob hnyav.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov tsis paub meej, cov tub rog Soviet tau txiav txim siab tsis tso lawv cov tub rog hauv cov zos uas nyob. Yog li ntawd, tsis ntev lawv tau rov qab los ntawm Masood cov tub rog uas tau sawv rov los.

Truce nrog Massoud

panjshir hav
panjshir hav

Masoud yog ib tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Afghan uas txaus siab mus rau kev sib tw nrog Soviet units. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam tau xaus tam sim tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tub rog hauv xyoo 1980.

Masoud tau cog lus tias yuav tsis tawm tsam Soviet thiab tsoomfwv cov tub rog, dhau los, lawv tau cog lus tias yuav tsis tawm tsamKev txhawb nqa huab cua thiab phom loj thaum muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm Massoud cov tub rog thiab Islamic Party ntawm Afghanistan, coj los ntawm Hekmatyar.

Lwm qhov kev sib tw tau mus txog thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1982-1983.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm Panjshir

afghanistan panjshir gorge
afghanistan panjshir gorge

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum lub sij hawm nyob twj ywm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, 9 loj-scale ua hauj lwm tau ua nyob rau hauv no gorge. Txhua qhov ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm ib ntus thiab ib nrab ntawm Panjshir Gorge, uas thaum kawg poob.

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm kev poob los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thiab Afghan Mujahideen.

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