Sturgeon ntses hom. Sturgeon (ntses): duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Sturgeon ntses hom. Sturgeon (ntses): duab
Sturgeon ntses hom. Sturgeon (ntses): duab

Video: Sturgeon ntses hom. Sturgeon (ntses): duab

Video: Sturgeon ntses hom. Sturgeon (ntses): duab
Video: 'Sturgeon are at risk': Eight arrested in white sturgeon poaching operation from Sacramento Valle... 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Feem ntau cov ntses sturgeon nyob hauv dej hiav txwv ntsev, thiab ua luam dej mus rau hauv dej tshiab. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sterlet tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, uas nyob rau nruab nrab muaj qhov loj ntawm 30 cm mus rau 1 m thiab qhov hnyav los ntawm ib nrab ib kg mus rau 4 kg. Tus sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm hom yog beluga, uas ncav cuag 2 tons ntawm qhov hnyav thiab 9 m ntev.

Hnub no, kev nuv ntses sturgeon yog kev nuv ntses loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov nqaij, hom no kuj tseem ceeb rau nws cov caviar. Thaum lub sij hawm spawning, nuv ntses yog txwv tsis pub. Tab sis kev yos hav zoov vam meej nyob txhua qhov chaw, txawm tias nws tau tawm tsam.

Tus yam ntxwv sab nrauv thiab qauv

cov neeg sawv cev Sturgeon yog ib tus ntses loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv dej nthuav dav ntawm cov dej ntws thiab hiav txwv, lawv muaj lub cev elongated, uas yog npog nrog tsib kab ntawm pob txha scutes: 1 nyob rau sab nraub qaum, 2 ntawm sab thiab 2 ntawm lub plab. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog cov pob txha daim hlau. Sturgeon yog ib tug ntses nrog ib tug elongated cone-puab snout, zoo ib yam li lub duav. Hauv qab lub taub hau yog cov nqaij daim di ncauj ntawm lub qhov ncauj, uas nyob rau hauv ob peb hom muaj ib tug crescent puab thiab kuj nyob rau ntawm ob sab. Hauv qab lub muzzle yog 4 antennae. Lub puab tsaigmuaj cov duab retractable yam tsis muaj hniav.

ntses sturgeon
ntses sturgeon

Cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm lub hauv siab yog tuab tuab thiab muaj qhov zoo li tus txha nraub qaum, thaum lub dorsal fin yog me ntsis thawb rov qab. Lub zais zis ua luam dej yog nyob hauv qab tus txha nraub qaum thiab txuas nrog txoj hlab pas. Cov pob txha pob txha muaj ib qho invertebrate, cartilaginous qauv nrog preservation ntawm lub notochord. Lub daim nyias nyias ntawm 4 gills yog txuas mus rau lub pharynx thiab sib koom ua ke ntawm lub caj pas, kuj tseem muaj 2 ntxiv accessory gills.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Feem ntau, txhua hom ntses sturgeon thaum lub sij hawm spawning txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab, hauv dej ntiav. Lawv cov pej xeem yog cov loj heev, thiab twb txaus lawm thiab cov neeg loj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau lab tus larvae. Spawning tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee hom, ntxiv rau qhov spawning, nkag mus rau hauv cov dej ntawm cov dej ntws thiab lub caij ntuj no. Lawv nyob hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej, noj ntses me me, worms, molluscs thiab kab.

sturgeon ntses hom
sturgeon ntses hom

Poberty

Cov tsev neeg sturgeon, cov npe uas suav nrog txog 2 lub kaum os ntau yam, yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev npaj ntawm ib tug neeg rau spawning yog txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw nyob thiab hom ntses. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam seb cov dej ntiav ntawm qee cov dej hiav txwv dej tsuas yog teem caij nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sturgeon. Tom qab yug me nyuam, cov neeg tsim cov caviar nqis los ntawm tus dej mus rau hauv hiav txwv, nce loj, thiab loj hlob. Xyoo tom qab no, lawv rov mus ua qe.

Kev loj hlob ntawm sturgeon, nrog rau kev loj hlob, qeeb heev. Qee hom yog npaj rau yug me nyuam xwb nyob rau hauvhnub nyoog 20 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, puberty tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 8 mus rau 21 xyoo, nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej los ntawm 5 mus rau 18 xyoo. Tab sis hais txog qhov hnyav, peb tuaj yeem hais tias hom ntses sturgeon yog cov neeg loj hlob sai tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej. Cov sturgeons ntawm Dnieper thiab Don ncav cuag cov neeg laus sai tshaj plaws, cov neeg nyob hauv Volga ncav cuag kev laus ntev dua.

Tsis yog txhua tus poj niam sturgeons spawn txhua xyoo. Tsuas yog cov sterlet yug txhua xyoo. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sturgeons spawn nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab ntawm cov dej ntws ceev ceev. Nws muaj cov qauv nplaum, yog li nws ua tau zoo rau cov pob zeb lossis pebbles.

sturgeon cov duab
sturgeon cov duab

Fry

Cov larvae tawm ntawm lub qe muaj lub hnab yolk, uas ua rau lub sij hawm pub mis endogenous. Fry tuaj yeem haus cov zaub mov sab nraud los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub zais zis endogenous tau daws tag nrho. Tom qab ntawd los txog lub sijhawm exogenous ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab ntawd, cov kib yuav nyob twj ywm hauv cov dej ntws, tab sis feem ntau cov larvae dov mus rau hauv hiav txwv thaum lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo. Qhov no yog li cas sturgeons yug. Cov duab ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no.

stellate sturgeon ntses
stellate sturgeon ntses

thawj zaub mov rau sturgeon kib yog zooplankton, xws li daphnia. Tom qab lawv pib noj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm crustaceans:

gammarids, chironomids, mysis.

Qhov kev zam yog qhov predatory beluga kib, uas tsis muaj yolks thiab pib noj lawv tus kheej thaum nyob hauv dej.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm sturgeons rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev tshwm sim hauv dej hiav txwv. Anadromous cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sturgeons tau muab faib ua hom caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no. Rau yav dhau los, nws yog kev cai nkag mus rau cov dej hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lawv spawning tshwm sim yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Cov qoob loo caij ntuj no nkag mus rau hauv tus dej thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, siv lub caij ntuj no, thiab ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tom ntej.

Kev faib tawm ntawm tsev neeg sturgeon

Thaum pib, ob hom ntawm sturgeon tau txawv:

sturgeon;

Skafi.

Txhua tus ntawm lawv suav nrog 25 hom ntses uas pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov sov: Asia, Europe thiab North America. Sijhawm dhau mus, cov pejxeem ntawm qee tus ntawm lawv ploj mus.

loj beluga
loj beluga

Views

Sturgeon hom yog nrov heev hauv kev nuv ntses. Niaj hnub no, 17 ntau yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sturgeon tau paub. Cov hom nrov tshaj plaws yog:

1. Beluga yog hom ntses dej qab zib tshaj plaws. Nws lub neej voj voog tuaj yeem kav 100 xyoo. Qhov loj tshaj plaws beluga tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 m hauv qhov ntev thiab muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 2 tons. Lub cev ntawm cov ntses zoo ib yam li lub torpedo, npog nrog cov pob txha tiv thaiv hauv 5 kab, tsaus grey saum toj no thiab dawb hauv qab. Los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub muzzle muaj cov kav hlau txais xov uas muab cov ntxhiab tsw rau cov ntses, thiab lub qhov ncauj zoo li lub qhov ncauj. Poj niam loj dua txiv neej. Beluga yog cov tsiaj txhu uas feem ntau pub rau anchovies, gobies, herring, vobla thiab anchovy. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub txhua 2-4 xyoos thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

2. Lavxias teb sab sturgeon yog spindle-puab ntses nrog luv luv, blunt snout. Cov kav hlau txais xov yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Feem ntau, cov ntses muaj greyish-dub xim rau saum,greyish-xim av flanks thiab lub plab dawb. Lavxias sturgeon ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 3 m thiab tuaj yeem hnyav txog 115 kg. Hauv qhov no, lub neej voj voog mus txog 50 xyoo. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, sturgeon tuaj yeem tsim cov hybrids nrog sterlet, beluga, spike thiab stellate sturgeon. Qhov no tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, tab sis zoo sib xws hybrids tuaj yeem pom. Ntses chaw nyob: Azov, Caspian thiab Dub hiav txwv.

3. Siberian sturgeon. Lub cev ntawm cov ntses yog them nrog ntau fulcra thiab pob txha daim hlau, lub qhov ncauj yog retractable. Cov ntses no tsis muaj hniav. Muaj 4 kav hlau txais xov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Qhov chaw ntawm Siberian sturgeon: lub phiab ntawm Yenisei, Ob, Lena thiab Kolyma. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntses loj hlob mus txog 3 m nyob rau hauv ntev, ncav cuag ib tug luj ntawm 200 kg thiab muaj peev xwm nyob mus txog 60 xyoo. Spawning tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Sturgeons pub rau cov kab mob uas nyob hauv qab ntawm tus dej: mollusks, amphipods, polychaete worms thiab chironomid larvae.

sturgeon tsev neeg daim ntawv teev npe
sturgeon tsev neeg daim ntawv teev npe

4. Lub stellate sturgeon nyob hauv lub phiab ntawm Azov, Dub thiab Caspian hiav txwv. Cov ntses stellate sturgeon yog lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub cev elongated ntawm lub stellate sturgeon yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntev, lub hauv pliaj convex, nqaim thiab du antennae, thiab lub cev tsis zoo ntawm daim di ncauj. Los ntawm sab thiab los ntawm saum toj no lub cev ntawm cov ntses yog them nrog ib tug tuab cover ntawm scutes. Sab nraub qaum thiab sab yog xiav-dub hauv cov xim, thiab lub plab yog dawb. Sevruga tsis tshua ncav cuag ntau dua 5 m hauv qhov ntev thiab 50 kg hauv qhov hnyav.

5. Sterlet yog ib qho ntawm cov ntses me tshaj plaws ntawm cov sturgeons, nws ncav cuag 1.25 m ntev thiab tuaj yeem hnyav txog 16 kg. Nws muaj lub qhov ntswg elongated nqaim, ntev antennae uas ncav cuag lub qhov ncauj, kov scutes ntawm ob sab, thiab daim di ncauj qis muab faib ua ob. Tsuas yogIb txwm siv rau sturgeon daim hlau ntawm lub cev, lub sterlet muaj kev sib cuam tshuam scutes rau sab nraub qaum. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob, cov ntses yuav muaj xim sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau nws lub nraub qaum yog greyish-xim av xim, thiab nws lub plab yog daj-dawb. Cov fins yog grey thoob plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, sterlet yog blunt-nosed thiab ntse-nosed. Cov ntses no tsuas yog pom nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia.

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