Irish Liberation Army: piav qhia, haujlwm, tus lej

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv tau ntau xyoo tau muaj lub koom haum haiv neeg uas nws lub hom phiaj yog kom paub txog kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm Northern Ireland. Pab pawg tub rog, uas tsis zam kev ntshai, muaj nws cov neeg sawv cev txawm nyob hauv British Parliament.

Lub hauv paus thiab keeb kwm

Irish Liberation Army tau tsim los tom qab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Cov Tub Rog Pej Xeem thiab Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Pabcuam Irish hauv xyoo 1919. Cov tom kawg yog cov tub rog ntawm Sinn Féin, ib lub koom haum uas tsis yog thawj pawg nom tswv hauv kev nkag siab tag nrho ntawm cov lus, nqis los ntawm Arthur Griffith lub teb chaws ntawm tib lub npe, nrog rau cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Fenians - Irish petty-bourgeois republican revolutionaries.

Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm Great Britain thiab Northern Ireland, Irish Liberation Army (aka Irish Republican Army, IRA) tau sib cais. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws coj ib sab ntawm Irishdawb lub xeev, lwm tus muab lawv cov riam phom tawm tsam yav dhau los cov phoojywg. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qub dhau los ua kom muaj zog dua thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv txoj kev lag luam, thaum cov uas tsis mloog lus sai sai mus rau hauv av.

Irish Liberation Army Anthem - Celtic song Ev Sistr.

Irish Tsov Rog ntawm Kev ywj pheej

Lub Tebchaws Irish tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug hauv 1916 tom qab Easter Rising hauv Dublin. Tom qab ntawd ib tug thawj coj tshiab tau raug xaiv, thiab IRA, lees paub tias yog ib pab tub rog hauv tebchaws, yuav tsum ua raws li tsoomfwv. Hauv kev xyaum, kev tswj hwm cov tub rog tuaj yeem pab dawb tau nyuaj heev.

Irish Liberation Army (daim duab hauv qab no) tau koom nrog Tsov Rog ntawm Kev ywj pheej tawm tsam Tebchaws Askiv. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1920 txog rau nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov 1921. Feem ntau, IRA kev koom tes tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem:

1. Reorganization ntawm pab tub rog. Raws li txoj cai, muaj txog 100 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv IRA, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 15 txhiab tau koom nrog pawg neeg tawm tsam. Tus nto moo tshaj plaws "Squad", ua haujlwm hauv Dublin, tua cov tub ceev xwm txawj ntse, ua kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog.
2. IRA tub rog tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv thiab (tom qab ntawd) ntawm cov kab lus Askiv. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm UK: kev qhia txog kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv qee lub tebchaws, kev xa cov tub ceev xwm ntxiv thiab tub rog.
3. theem no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hauv cov neeg Askiv sib tw, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev tawm tsamkev txiav txim siab. IRA cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov neeg saib xyuas, tua cov kev, tua cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau saum roob.

IRA kev koom tes hauv kev sib cav sib ceg

Irish Liberation Army tau hloov nws lub hom phiaj los ntawm Dublin mus rau Northern Ireland. Nyob rau hauv 1969, cov tactics ntawm nroog guerrilla pib nquag siv - qhov no yog ib txheej txheej txheem rau kev ua tsov ua rog guerrilla nyob rau hauv nroog tej yam kev mob, uas yog siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, thaum lub sij hawm muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv Iraq thiab North Caucasus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum tau faib ua ntau lub hlwb sib cais, thiab qee cov pab pawg no tau tig mus rau kev ua phem rau kev ua tsov rog.

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, 1969, London tau xa tub rog mus rau thaj tsam ntxeev siab. Qhov kev nce ntxiv tuaj tom qab Ntshav Hnub Sunday, thaum cov neeg Askiv tau tua ib qho kev tawm tsam pej xeem tsis muaj cai nyob hauv Northern Ireland. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 18 tus neeg tuag.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1972, Irish Liberation Army tau tshaj tawm qhov kev tso tseg ntawm kev tawm tsam. Tab sis tsoomfwv Askiv tsis kam tham nrog cov neeg ua phem, yog li cov tub rog tau rov pib tawm tsam.

Cov kev tawm tsam no tsis zoo li qhov ISIS feem ntau npaj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum tau ceeb toom txog kev phom sij hauv xov tooj 90 feeb ua ntej kev tawg ntawm lub tsheb uas muaj cov khoom tawg. Qhov no ib txhij ua ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub zog ntawm lub koom haum, thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm IRA yog cov tub rog ntawm British tub rog,tub ceev xwm thiab tsev hais plaub.

Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm UK thiab koom pheej ntawm Ireland

Qhov kev sib tw tau xaus rau xyoo 1985. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm UK thiab Republic of Ireland, tom kawg tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim hauv kev daws teeb meem ntau yam ntsig txog Northern Ireland. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tham ntxiv, "Kev Tshaj Tawm" tau kos npe, uas suav nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis ua phem thiab qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm los tsim ib pawg nom tswv hauv zos. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo tau khov vim muaj kev tawm tsam tshiab.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1994, IRA tau tshaj tawm tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav, tab sis tom qab Askiv tau hais kom tshem riam phom, cov thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum tsis kam lees lawv txoj haujlwm. Xyoo 1998, cov thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm Great Britain thiab Northern Ireland tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus hloov mus rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam thiab tuav lub rooj sib tham uas yuav txiav txim siab txog cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam. Kev sib tham tau cuam tshuam tom qab lwm tus neeg ua phem tawm tsam thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 10, 1998, uas tau tua 29 tus neeg.

Kev sib tham tshiab tau pib xyoo 2005. Ib tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2006 los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Saib Xyuas, uas niaj hnub saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej hauv Northern Ireland, tau sau tseg tias IRA tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub koom haum tau yaj, tus naj npawb ntawm lwm tus raug txo. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij ntawm pawg thawj coj, Irish Liberation Army tsis tau npaj kev tawm tsam kev ua phem ntxiv lawm.

Kev nom kev tswv ntawm IRA

Sinn Féin yog kev tawm tsam nom tswv ntawm IRA. Lub npe ntawm tog hauv kev txhais ncaj qha los ntawm Irish txhais tau tias "Peb tus kheej." Xyoo 1969, tog (vim muaj kev sib cais sab hauv hauv Irish Liberation Army) tau faib ua "ib ntus" thiab "ua haujlwm". Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev ua phem hauv cheeb tsam. Lub "ntiaj teb" tis ntawm tog leans rau Marxism thiab hu ua "Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm 'Party ntawm Sinn Féin". Los ntawm txoj kev, qee qhov feem ntau "liab" hauv ntiaj teb tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tog nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov kiv cua ntawm pab pawg ncaws pob Celtic, uas muaj ntau ntawm Marx thiab txwv cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm IRA ntawm lawv lub txee. Irish Liberation Army thiab nws cov koom haum ncaws pob (tsim ib lub club hauv Glasgow, Scotland, tab sis tsis yog ntawm sab ntsuj plig) tsis txuas nrog txhua txoj hauv kev, tsuas yog cov tswv yim tseem ceeb.

Splits nyob rau hauv pab tub rog liberation

Lub "Ib Sijhawm" Irish Liberation Army tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1969 vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog yuav ua li cas teb rau qhov kev kub ntxhov hnyav zuj zus. IRA "kev ua haujlwm" tau tuav rau feem ntau ntawm cov qauv hauv nroog Northern Ireland, tshwj tsis yog Belfast thiab Londonderry. "Successionary" tau tsim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Irish Liberation Army. Lub teb chaws (Great Britain) tau ntsib teeb meem, txij li tam sim no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sib tham tsis yog nrog ib qho IRA, tab sis nrog ob peb, thiab txawm tias feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kuj muaj ib qho "qhov tseeb" IRA, uas tam sim ntawd tom qab sib cais los ntawm "ib ntus" pib ntshai. Lawv qhov kev tawm tsam kawg tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli 5, 2010.

khoom siv

Tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom thiab nyiaj txiaglub koom haum yog Libya. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov riam phom loj thauj khoom tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s. Ib phau ntawv xov xwm Askiv thaum lub sijhawm tseem tau sau tias rau ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo zoo li txhua lub foob pob IRA tau sau muaj cov khoom tawg los ntawm ib pawg tsaws hauv xyoo 1986. Ntxiv rau Libya, nyiaj txiag tau muab los ntawm Irish Asmeskas, feem ntau yog los ntawm NORAID, uas tau mus nyob hauv qab hnub tom qab lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 2001 tawm tsam.

Lub Soviet Union, CIA, Cuba, Colombia, Hezbollah, ib lub koom haum pab tub rog los ntawm Libya, Palestine Liberation Organization thiab Defense League, pab pawg neeg pab dawb hauv Estonia.

IRA kev ua: tawm tsam thiab foob pob

Ib qho ntawm IRA nto moo tshaj plaws yog Bloody Friday. Ib qho kev tawg hauv Belfast ua rau muaj cuaj tus neeg tuag, cov neeg raug mob yog ib puas thiab peb caug tus neeg nyob hauv nroog. Lub Ob Hlis 4, 1974, lub foob pob tawg rau ntawm lub tsheb npav uas nqa cov tub rog Askiv. Xyoo 1982, IRA cov tswv cuab tau foob pob tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam hauv ob lub tiaj ua si. Nees nkaum ob tug tub rog raug tua nyob rau hauv qhov tawg, ntau tshaj li tsib caug raug mob, tab sis ib tug pej xeem tsis raug mob.

Hauv xyoo 1983, muaj ntau qhov tawg nyob ze ntawm lub tsev loj London, uas tau npaj los ntawm tib lub koom haum. Qhov kev sim tua neeg los ntawm IRA cov tub rog ntawm British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher tau tshwm sim xyoo 1984. Hauv xyoo 1994, cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm tshav dav hlau Heathrow hauv London los ntawmmortars, thiab hauv 2000 tau tua ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv pem teb yim ntawm British Secret Intelligence Service.

Irish Liberation Army hauv movies

Northern Ireland qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntev tau tshwm sim hauv cov kab lis kev cai nrov. Xyoo 1971, zaj yeeb yaj kiab Italian A Fistful of Dynamite tau tso tawm rau ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj, xyoo 1980 - Lub Hnub Zoo Siab Zoo, xyoo 1990 - Tom qab daim ntaub thaiv tsis pub leej twg paub, xyoo 1996 - Cov Hluas Indiana Jones Chronicles, qhov twg tus protagonist tau nkag mus rau hauv heev. tuab ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Easter. IRA kuj tau hais hauv computer games, piv txwv li, hauv Far Cry 2 lossis GTA IV, hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab - thawj ntu ntawm lub caij nees nkaum ntawm Lub Simpsons.