X-90 lub foob pob hluav taws xob yog Russia lub superweapon tshiab los teb rau Washington txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv missile. Cov tsos thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb, yog cov tub rog zais cia. Raws li qee qhov chaw, cov cuaj luaj no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam los ntawm 2010.
Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Russia tau hais tias X-90 Koala lub foob pob hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm kov yeej ib qho ntawm lub npe hu ua missile tiv thaiv systems thiab raug ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm nws lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau lwm lub teb chaws.
keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij
Lub phiaj xwm foob pob hluav taws thoob ntiaj teb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet Union rov qab rau xyoo caum. Lub tswv yim yog txhawm rau tso lub taub hau tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov ze-Lub Ntiaj Teb orbit, kom nws tig mus rau hauv ib qho khoom siv satellite nyob ntawd, thiab tom qab tig lub cav nres, nws yuav raug coj mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Nyob rau xyoo 1971, muaj ib txoj haujlwm npaj ntawm me me cruise missiles nyob rau hauv tes, Soviet developers tig mus rau tsoom fwv los ua qhov project no. Tsis muaj lus teb rau xyoo ntawd. Tab sis nrog kev pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tswv yim cruise missiles nyob rau hauv 1975Tebchaws Asmeskas, tsis nco qab txij li xyoo 1971, cov neeg tsim qauv raug xaj kom pib qhov project hauv xyoo 1976 thiab ua tiav rau xyoo 1982. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1983, nws tau npaj yuav siv lub foob pob hluav taws "tshiab" los ua haujlwm. Cov kev xav tau rau lub foob pob hluav taws yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Thiab ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb yog kom ua tiav qhov nrawm nrawm. Nyob rau hauv lub eighties, qhov ceev mus txog Mach plaub.
Nyob ntawm MAKS-1997 huab cua qhia hauv pavilion ntawm NPO Raduga (nws yog lub koom haum no tsim lub foob pob hluav taws), cov neeg tuaj saib twb pom GLA hypersonic aircraft, uas tom qab ntawd los ua qauv ntawm lub nkoj nkoj tshiab.
Rau cov uas xav nkag siab tias X-90 missile zoo li cas, daim duab qhia saum toj no.
foob pob hluav taws yam ntxwv
GLA yuav tsum nqa ob lub taub hau taub hau tuaj yeem ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm qhov deb txog li ib puas kilometers. Thaum pib, qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog sib npaug rau kaum ob meters. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd nws raug txo kom ntev li yim rau cuaj meters. Tom qab sib cais los ntawm cov cab kuj dav hlau, daim duab peb sab tis nrog ib ncua ntawm tsis ntau tshaj xya meters, raws li zoo raws li tus Tsov tus tw, qhib nyob rau hauv lub foob pob ua ntxaij. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv roj twj tso kua mis yog qhib, ua tsaug rau lub foob pob hluav taws mus txog supersonic ceev. Tom qab ntawd lub cav tseem ceeb pib ua haujlwm, txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm plaub mus rau tsib Machs. Qhov ntau ntawm cov missile no ncav cuag peb txhiab tsib puas kilometers.
Launcher
Lub foob pob TU-160 yogsupersonic, lub tswv yim missile carrier nrog variable sweep tis. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980 ntawm Tupolev Design Bureau thiab tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1987.
Thaum pib, lawv yuav muab ib puas lub tsheb mus rau kev pabcuam, tab sis vim yog cov neeg Amelikas tau hais kom cov foob pob tawg tuaj rau hauv Nyab Laj Cov Lus Cog Tseg, lawv yuav tsum nres ntawm peb caug-peb lub tsheb.
Tom qab USSR poob lawm, cov foob pob tau muab faib rau cov koom pheej.
Los ntawm 2013, muaj kaum rau lub dav hlau zoo li no hauv Lavxias Cov Tub Rog. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog raws li Volga nyob rau hauv Engels.
Swan Dawb
Nov yog lub dav hlau loj tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas muaj qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tawg rog. Cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm lawv tus kheej nyiam hu nws tias "swan dawb" vim nws lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab lub ntsej muag.
Tab sis nws kuj muaj lwm lub npe: "ntaub kaum ob rab ntaj", "txhim kho", " riam phom ntawm lub tebchaws", "Lavxias teb sab txuj ci tseem ceeb". Thiab hauv NATO lawv hu nws Blackjack rau qee yam.
TU-160M yog ib lub TU-160 niaj hnub nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam nrog Kh-90 missiles. Nws tuaj yeem nqa riam phom txheem, xws li 90 OFAB-500U, tab sis ua haujlwm ua tus nqa khoom rau Kh-90 hypervelocity maneuvering missile.
Txhua lub tsheb muaj nws lub npe, piv txwv li: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander tus Hluas", "Mikhail Gromov" thiab lwm yam.
foob pob hluav taws roj thiab lub cav kom ua tiav hypersonic
Hypersonic yog ib qhov ceev uas siab tshaj 5 speeds ntawm lub teeb los yogtsib Machs. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, ntau lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lawv cov cav li niaj zaus tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov nrawm. Tab sis ya nyob rau hauv xws li kev kub ceev rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yog ua tau tsuas yog hais tias lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog nruab nrog ib tug hypersonic ramjet engine. Nws tseem hu ua scrumjet.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub cav yog tias nws tsis tas yuav nqa cov oxidizer nrog nws. Lub cav no siv cov pa oxygen atmospheric. Cov roj rau lub scramjet feem ntau yog hydrogen lossis kerosene.
Kev txhim kho ntawm lub cav zoo li no tau pib hauv tsib caug xyoo dhau los. Thiab thawj tej yaam num ntawm aircraft nrog xws li engine twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sixties. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau tsim qhov chaw nruab nrab - qhov rov siv tau "Spiral", uas muaj lub dav hlau nrawm nrawm nrawm thiab lub dav hlau orbital tub rog nrog lub foob pob hluav taws. Lub dav hlau accelerating hypersonic yuav tsum ceev mus rau Machs ntawm hydrogen roj thiab mus txog plaub thiab ib nrab ntawm cov roj av. Tab sis thaum kawg, nws tau txiav txim siab los muab cov cuab yeej nrog turbojet xyaw.
Hypersonic ncaj-through systems pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub seventies, siv lawv ntawm anti-aircraft missiles.
NASP and TU-2000
Hauv xyoo 1986, teb rau Asmeskas txoj haujlwm Appolo, NASP qhov haujlwm hauv USSR tau txiav txim siab los tsim qhov sib npaug hauv tsev ntawm NASP, rov siv tau ib-theem videoconferencing system. Qhov project ntawm TU-2000 foob pob tawg tau pom zoo nrog kev tshaj tawm qhov hnyav ntawm peb puasrau caum tons, ceev ntawm Mach rau, qhov ntau ntawm kaum txhiab kilometers ntawm qhov siab ntawm peb caug kilometers.
Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav, tab sis vim yog kev poob ntawm Soviet Union, lawv pib qeeb. Cov neeg koom tes ua haujlwm tau mus thoob ntiaj teb thiab pib koom tes nrog Fabkis cov neeg tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib koom ua haujlwm, raws li qhia los ntawm kev sim ua tsis tiav, tsis ua tiav.
Thiab tib lub sijhawm, NASP qhov haujlwm tseem tsis tau muaj kev vam meej thiab raug kaw nyob rau xyoo cuaj caum.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, tsis yog Russia lossis Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum tso tseg tag nrho hypersonic.
Security 2004
Hauv xyoo 2004, "Kev Nyab Xeeb-2004" kev tawm dag zog tau tuav. Lawv tau koom nrog TU-160 foob pob nrog riam phom hu ua Kh-90 Koala missile.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm V. V. Putin tau hais tias Cov Tub Rog Lavxias yuav sai sai no yuav tau txais cov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau siab nrog kev nrawm nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo thaum tsiv mus rau lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau dua ib lub tebchaws.
Cov kws tshaj lij qhia tias Thawj Tswj Hwm muaj lub foob pob hluav taws hauv siab hauv nws cov lus.
missile hu ua X-90
Russia tau txiav txim siab los nthuav tawm nws lub peev xwm tshiab rau Asmeskas. Nov yog cov lus teb rau Washington missile defense program nrog Kh-90 missile (uas yog Koala).
Nws yog launched los ntawm TU-160M tej yaam num bombers - kev khav theeb thiab tub roglub zog ntawm Russia hnub no.
Tom qab sib cais los ntawm lub tsheb tso tawm no, lub foob pob hluav taws X-90 ntawm qhov siab ntawm xya txhiab mus rau nees nkaum txhiab meters qhib nws daim duab peb sab tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Acceleration mus rau supersonic ceev tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug solid-propellant booster uas tau tig rau lub sij hawm no. Tom qab ntawd los txog lub sijhawm rau lub cav tseem ceeb ua haujlwm, ua tsaug uas Kh-90 cruise missile ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm tsib Machs. Qhov ntau ntawm cov missile yog peb thiab ib nrab txhiab kilometers.
X-90 missile xeem
Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm peb lub tebchaws tau paub tseeb tias tsis muaj lub xeev yog tus tswv ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tsis zoo tshwj tsis yog Russia. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lawv ib zaug tso tseg lawv txoj kev loj hlob, txwv lawv tus kheej rau cov foob pob hluav taws subsonic. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia, xws li kev ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv, txawm tias muaj ntau yam kev so ib ntus. Hauv xyoo 2001, kev tshaj tawm ntawm Topol foob pob hluav taws. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias nws lub taub hau yog qhov txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv. Thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej nco txog xyoo 2004, ob lub foob pob hluav taws tau pib: Topol-M thiab RS-18. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau hais tias ib qho kev sim ntsuas tau tsim los ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, uas, tom qab tso tawm, mus rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Nws zoo li tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias thaum nkag mus rau hauv huab cua, qhov ceev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog tsib txhiab meters ib ob, lossis txog kaum yim txhiab kilometers ib teev, thiab lub taub hau yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv overheating thiab overloads. Cov cuab yeej no muaj qhov nrawm, ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev taw qhia ntawm lub davhlau yooj yim thiab tsis tawg. Cov kws tshaj lijtau pom zoo tias nws yog X-90 - lub foob pob hluav taws xob hauv nkoj, qhov zoo li tseem tsis tau paub.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cuab yeej yog tias RS-18 muaj lub cuab yeej hloov pauv qhov siab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev ya davhlau. Yog li, ib qho kev tiv thaiv missile, suav nrog Asmeskas, tuaj yeem kov yeej los ntawm nws.
Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Russian Strategic Missile Forces suav nrog peb lub foob pob hluav taws thiab kaum rau lub foob pob hluav taws. Lawv cov riam phom suav nrog 735 foob pob hluav taws nrog 3,159 nuclear warheads, suav nrog cov silo-based Voyevoda, Molodets nrog 360 warheads, mobile Topoli, Topoli-M thiab lwm yam.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, txawm tias ib feem me me tau nruab nrog cov foob pob hluav taws, cov foob pob hluav taws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv missile mus ntev. Ntxiv mus, raws li cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab, muaj lwm cov kev pabcuam, xws li Kholod thiab Igla, ntxiv rau kev tsim lub taub hau hypersonic.
Kev tawm tsam tsis muaj ntsiab lus thiab txaus ntshai
Vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, Kh-90 Koala missile thiab lwm yam kev ua tub rog niaj hnub no tau ua rau US missile tiv thaiv tsis muaj ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib xa cov tshuab radar nyob ze ntawm ciam teb ntawm Russia txhawm rau ntes thiab rhuav tshem cov cuaj luaj li no sai li sai tau thaum tso tawm thiab lub taub hau tsis muaj sijhawm sib cais.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no, Russia muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv, paub thiab cais. YogX-90 Koala missile yuav tshem tawm lub taub hau, ua kom nws tsis muaj zog.
Kev tshem riam phom tuaj yeem ua tau?
Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet, thaum kev sib tw caj npab ntawm ob lub tebchaws loj heev, tau sim mus rau lwm txoj kev. Cov ntawv cog lus tau kos npe thiab pom zoo, tab sis kev sib tw caj npab tau txuas ntxiv mus, thiab thaum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb khov thiab thov Vajtswv rau lawv cov detente.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, M. S. tau los muaj hwj chim hauv USSR. Gorbachev, uas tau tso tseg qhov no, tej zaum tsis muaj kev sib tw caj npab. Nws yog kev tu siab tias tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav tawm no yog kev tawg ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub taub hau uas nws sawv. Raws li cov lus cog tseg uas nws tau kos npe, ntau yam riam phom raug tshem tawm hauv USSR. Tebchaws Meskas kuj tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm los tshem tawm nws cov riam phom, txawm li cas los xij, vim yog kev ua raws li cov lus cog tseg, USSR tau ua tiav nws lub zog loj thiab tsis ntev, thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau dhau los ua lub zog loj hauv ntiaj teb yam tsis tau poob nws lub peev xwm ua tub rog..
Soviet kev tsim riam phom, suav nrog cov foob pob hluav taws hauv nkoj, raug txwv, kev tsim kho tshiab raug rhuav tshem, thiab kev tsim khoom raug txo lossis txawm tias nres tag nrho.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev kub ntxhov uas Tebchaws Meskas thiab nws cov phooj ywg hauv ntiaj teb tau ua nrog rau Soviet Union, ua rau muaj kev ntseeg tias yog kev sib koom tes tsis sib haum xeeb yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej, ces yuav tsum muaj tiag. kev sib nrig sib pab.
Tam sim no, tib neeg tsis tau mus txog theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, thiab lub xeev muaj kev hem thawj rau sab nraud, nws yuav tsum tau npaj txhijlos tawm tsam ib qho kev tawm tsam.
