Qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tsim nyog ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Txhua tus uas tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej tau muaj hmoo tuaj xyuas peb lub tebchaws, nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm nws, yuav pom zoo nrog cov lus hais tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm Russia tsis yog tsuas yog amazing xwb, tab sis nyob rau qee qhov chaw txawm tias nws txawv kiag li. Vim li cas peb tam sim no coj los ua lub hauv paus kev xav ntawm cov qhua ntawm peb lub xeev, thiab tsis yog Russians lawv tus kheej? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim npaum li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhov no yog hais tias, tau yug los, hais tias, nyob rau hauv Siberia los yog Kamchatka, tej zaum peb tsis xyuam xim rau lub zos beauties, coj lawv mus rau kev tso cai. Tab sis tsis muaj nuj nqis…

Feem ntau, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias txij li thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws yog qhov dav heev, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas xav tsis thoob qhov tseeb tias cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm ib cheeb tsam qee zaum txawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov tsiaj nyob sib ze. thaj chaw. Piv txwv li, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Central Russia txawv qhov txawv ntawm nws sab qaum teb lossis, hais tias, thaj tsam yav qab teb.

Zaj lus no yog tsom qhia kom ntxaws ntau li ntau tau txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Qhov xwm ntawm Russia yuav tshwm sim ua ntej cov neeg nyeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov xim, ntxoov thiab variations.

Arctic Desert State

Cov suab puam Arctic ntawm Russia muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li cov dej khov thiab daus loj, nrog rau cov av noo siab, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 85%.

Lub New Siberian Islands tuaj, Novaya thiab Severnaya Zemlya, nrog rau Franz Josef Av nyob hauv thaj av Arctic. Kuj ceeb tias, qhov xwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog xws li hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj swamps, pas dej, thiab cov av yog polar-desert thiab saline nrog ib tug tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm humus.

Nroj tsuag npog me ntsis thiab txom nyem heev. Feem ntau ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom mosses, lichens thiab algae. Tab sis nws yuav tsis yooj yim pom saxifrage, polar poppy, cereals, ice ranunculus, chickweed, polar willow, arctic pike thiab bluegrass.

Fauna kuj yog hom neeg pluag. Raws li txoj cai, ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov daus plas, lemming, arctic hma liab, mos lwj, polar dais thiab ptarmigan.

Tab sis ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub zes seabirds.

Hnub no, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm rau cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas khaws cia qhov xwm txheej ntawm Russia nyob rau thaj tsam no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau, txwv tsis pub koj tuaj yeem poob tag nrho hom tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb.

Tus tundra zoo li cas?

Thaj chaw tundra yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm hiav txwv Arctic. Nws yog thaj chaw uas muaj cua daj cua dub, txias, hnub ncov qaum teb thiab hmo ntuj, thiab huab cua loj.

Ntawm no yog lub caij ntuj no hnyav thiab ntev (8-9 lub hlis), tab sis lub caij ntuj sov luv thiabtxias. Nws tshwm sim tias qhov kub ntawm cov neeg Esxias tundra nce mus txog 52 ° C. Txog 70% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm tundra yog swampy. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov av khov kho.

Nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv koj tuaj yeem pom cov tub ntxhais hluas lub tiaj tiaj, me ntsis mus rau sab qab teb muaj thaj chaw toj siab, ridges ntawm glacial keeb kwm thiab toj roob hauv pes. Qhov av av ntawm tundra yuav luag tag nrog cov pas dej ntiav.

Raws li cov nroj tsuag, nws lub hauv paus yog tsim los ntawm lichens, mosses, ntau yam nroj tsuag tsis zoo (tshuaj ntsuab, shrubs, shrubs). Cov kab hauv qab no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog: dwarf birch, willow, alder, sedge, lingonberry.

Feem ntau, peb nco ntsoov tias tundra tau muab faib ua peb qhov subzones: arctic, lichen-moss, tsob ntoo qab teb.

yam ntxwv nta ntawm hav zoov-tundra

Hloov-tundra yog thaj chaw uas tundra maj mam pib tig mus rau hauv hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, qhov xwm ntawm Russia, lub geography ntawm lub cheeb tsam plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb, nws yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Nws cov yam ntxwv nta yog lub thiaj li hu ua sparse kob hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub interfluves thiab muaj xws li Siberian spruce, larch thiab birch.

Zoo li kev sib cais ntawm hav zoov tau piav qhia los ntawm huab cua hnyav, txawm hais tias lub caij ntuj sov no sov dua li hauv tundra, thiab cua nrawm dua.

Lwm yam yam ntxwv ntawm hav zoov-tundra yog ntau tus sphagnum peat bogs.

thaj chaw no tau npog nrog daus tau li 9 lub hlis. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov nqes hav ntawm tus dej ntws ntawm nonpog nrog variegated thiab xim meadows. Ranunculus, valerian thiab berries loj hlob txhua qhov chaw. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub zos meadows ua hauj lwm zoo heev pastures rau mos lwj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no suav hais tias yog ib qho chaw zoo rau ntau tus tsiaj (feem ntau arctic hma liab thiab lemmings) thiab noog.

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ntsib ntau hom dej: geese, ducks thiab swans. Tab sis muaj tsawg tus noog uas nyob ntawm no rau lub caij ntuj no - tsuas yog cov plas daus thiab ib lub pas dej xwb.

Txhob Cia Siab

Thaj chaw taiga hauv Russia nyob thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm lwm thaj chaw ntuj. Nws txuas mus rau sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation mus txog rau ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm Nyiv. Geographically, lub taiga nyob rau hauv lub subarctic thiab temperate climate tsam.

Nov yog qhov chaw uas muaj ntau tus dej hauv Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv li, Volga, Vyatka, Onega, Kama, Lena, Vasyugan, Pur, Taz, Vilyui thiab lwm yam.

Thaj chaw no yog tus yam ntxwv muaj ntau qhov chaw swamps, dej hauv av, pas dej, pas dej loj. Cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb hauv taiga yog hav zoov, ob lub teeb coniferous thiab tsaus coniferous. Larch ntoo kuj tseem nyob ib puag ncig, nrog me ntsis ntoo thuv, spruce, fir thiab cedar.

Meadows thiab ntau swamps yog nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Koj puas txaus siab rau tsiaj qus Lavxias? Siberia tsuas yog qhov chaw mus. Lub fauna ntawm no yog heterogeneous heev. Sab hnub tuaj taiga yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv fauna, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pom hazel grouse, sable, pob zeb capercaillie, waterfowl, xim av dais,wolverine, squirrel, lynx, elk thiab hare.

Hmoov tsis zoo, hnub no muaj kev nkag mus hauv thaj chaw no. Yuav ua li cas cawm qhov xwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no tseem yuav luag unsolvable paub tsis meej.

Nco thiab dav dav hav zoov ntawm lub tebchaws

Thaj chaw ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav-ntev yog qhov sov dua thiab ntub dej piv rau taiga. Lub caij ntuj sov ntev thiab sov ntawm no, thiab lub caij ntuj no tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, nyiam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo loj heev.

Nco ntsoov tias cov dej ntws ntawm no muaj dej puv, txhais tau hais tias cov dej ntws ntawm cov av qis heev. Feem ntau, thaj chaw no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm soddy-podzolic thiab xim av hav zoov av nplua nuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov.

Feem ntau, hav zoov yog sawv cev los ntawm ntoo qhib, spruce, maple, linden, ntoo thuv, tshauv, hazel, Korean cedar, birch, aspen thiab shrubs.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm central Russia yog qhov siab dav rau nws cov neeg nyob. Txog niaj hnub no, cov tsiaj xws li bison, elk, hma, boar qus, hma, marten, dormouse thiab muskrat tau loj tuaj ntawm no. Ntawm cov noog, koj tuaj yeem ntsib oriole, grosbeak, woodpeckers, thiab lwm yam.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tam sim no ntau hom nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu nyob hauv Far East sib xyaw thiab cov hav zoov dav dav yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, lossis tseem ploj mus tag nrho. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus nws twb yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tau raws li pom mos lwj thiab Amur tsov, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj koj yuav tsis pom tiag tiag ginseng lawm.

Russian hav zoov-steppe

Thaj chaw hav zoov-steppe yog hom kev hloov pauv ntawm hav zoov thiab steppe. Ntawm no, broad-leaved, me-leaved thiab ntoo thuv hav zoov ntawm grey av alternate nrog forb meadow steppes tsim ncaj qha rau chernozems.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Russia nyob rau thaj tsam no tau muab faib ua sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj hav zoov-steppe. Toj thiab kwj ha sib cais los ntawm ntau kwj dej, gullies.

Oak dominates txhua qhov chaw ntawm no, qee zaum muaj birch groves, tshuaj ntsuab, cereals. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem nyob hauv hav zoov-steppe, kev lag luam thiab cov qoob loo qoob loo tau cog rau ntawm no ntau heev.

Steppe zone

Thaj chaw steppe yog lub caij ntuj sov qhuav, lub caij ntuj no txias thiab dej nag tsawg heev. Kwv yees li ib zaug txhua peb xyoos tsis muaj nag los rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas txhais tau hais tias huab cua qhuav heev.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw steppe yog treelessness. Ua ntej plowing ntawm thaj chaw steppe, cov nroj tsuag herbaceous tau pom nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm no, nrog rau cov nyom nyom, bluegrass, fescue, thiab steppe oats. Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv me ntsis thiab, hmoov tsis, tsis yog qhov zoo dua.

Cov av nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj chaw steppe yog cov chernozems ib txwm. Cov nas nyob ntawm no txhua qhov chaw, feem ntau muaj cov squirrels hauv av, marmots, nas mole, nas nas, hamsters. Ferrets, hma, weasels noj rau lawv. Ntawm cov noog koj tuaj yeem pom eagles, larks thiab demoiselle crane.

Hnub no, nws yog steppe uas yog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws. Nws suav hais tias yog thaj chaw lojkev ua liaj ua teb.

Zones deserts thiab semi-deserts

Semi-deserts thiab suab puam nyob thaj tsam me me hauv Russia, uas nyob hauv thaj av Caspian nkaus xwb.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws nyob ntawm no uas pom qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob txhua xyoo (120 kcal/cm²).

Lub caij ntuj sov kub, tab sis lub caij ntuj no txias thiab muaj daus me me. Cov cheeb tsam no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm zonal lub teeb chestnut xau, nyom-wormwood zaub, solonetzes thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov xuab zeb semi-fixed.

Nplej, fescue, nyias-legged, xiav-ntsuab algae, plaub plaub nyom nyom, thiab lwm yam loj tuaj ntawm no ntau ntau.

Muaj ntau tus nas ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab feem ntau yog jerboas, gerbils, av squirrels thiab hare. Tsis tas li ntawd, hma, hma, ferrets thiab badgers nyob hauv thaj chaw suab puam thiab ib nrab ntawm cov suab puam.