S-300 anti-aircraft missile system: specifications

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S-300 anti-aircraft missile system: specifications
S-300 anti-aircraft missile system: specifications

Video: S-300 anti-aircraft missile system: specifications

Video: S-300 anti-aircraft missile system: specifications
Video: S-300 - Russian Long Range Air Defence Missile System 2024, Tej zaum
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Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm Soviet huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke tau rov qab qhuas los ntawm ob tus phooj ywg ntawm peb lub tebchaws thiab nws cov neeg tawm tsam. Cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv lub ntuj ntawm Teb Chaws Cuba thaum lub sij hawm Cuban Missile Crisis, lawv tawm tsam US air armadas thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lwm yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv tshuab hauv tsev yog S-300 missile system, uas twb tau ua haujlwm nrog tub rog ntawm ob lub xeev txawv tebchaws (Cyprus thiab Tuam Tshoj). Cov ntawv thov rau nws qhov kev yuav khoom tau raug foob los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov ciam teb huab cua. Cov kab ke no ntseeg tau tiv thaiv lub ntuj hla Russia.

missile system nrog 300
missile system nrog 300

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam lub hom phiaj ya qis

Lub S-300 anti-aircraft missile system tau xeeb tub rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-eighties raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm zoo combating low-flying high-speed lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau xyoo 1970s, Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav kev sim cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj peev xwm kov yeej thaj tsam ntawm Soviet huab cua tiv thaiv thiab foob pob hluav taws uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. "Tomahawks" ya ib yam nkaustsawg txaus kom tau txais los ntawm cov pa radar. Cov tsheb thauj khoom no rau kev siv riam phom nuclear tuaj yeem siv struts (piv txwv li, ravines, gullies, Riverbeds), thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev rhuav tshem lawv zoo li muaj teeb meem. Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm lub dav hlau nrog lub tiaj tiaj tiaj, tsim los ntawm kev nce qib tshiab hauv kev siv tshuab computer, tau tso cai rau tus yeeb ncuab ntawm USSR kom cia siab rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev yeej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog siv cov foob pob hluav taws xwb, tab sis. kuj tseem muaj peev xwm kov yeej peb cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov siab tsis tshua muaj siab. Cov tshuab tshiab tau xav tau. Thaum kawg, lawv tau los ua S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1982.

Qhov phom sij tseem ceeb yog kev cia siab

keeb kwm kev paub qhia tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, raws li txoj cai, pib nrog kev tawm tsam huab cua loj. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lub tswv yim no suav nrog cov kev ua ntawm av tawm tsam thiab foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau ua ke nrog foob pob ua ntxaij tawm tsam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv (tswj tshuab, kev sib txuas lus, fais fab mov, qhov chaw ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm manpower thiab khoom, industrial thiab thauj hubs). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam ua rau, yog tias ua tiav, rau qhov tseeb tias kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis ua haujlwm, vim li ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws tawm tsam (ob qho tib si nyiaj txiag thiab tub rog) raug rhuav tshem. Lub S-300 complex muaj peev xwm teb sai sai rau cov kev hem thawj tshwm sim vim muaj kev kub ceev ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kev taw qhia, theem ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm surprise. 48N6, foob pob hluav taws,uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab lub zog them siab.

anti-aircraft missile systems nrog 300
anti-aircraft missile systems nrog 300

Hloov kho "PS"

Lub S-300PS missile system tau tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow Design Bureau "Fakel" nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm Academician A. F. Utkin, tom qab nws tuag, N. A. Trofimov txuas ntxiv ua hauj lwm. Lub phiaj xwm tag nrho tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev paub ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj tshaj plaws ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia thiab Middle East. Cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev ntaus cov phiaj xwm huab cua, yog kev txav mus los thiab lub sijhawm npaj ua ntej pib ua ntej. Kev xyaum tau pom tias cov neeg tua phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, tau raug rho tawm haujlwm rov qab, yuav tsum maj nrawm tawm ntawm "illuminated" thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam, uas cov yeeb ncuab nrhiav kev rhuav tshem lub roj teeb, thaum suav mus rau feeb. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa tawm thiab kev sib tsoo tsuas yog tsib feeb xwb. Qhov no tau ua tiav ua tsaug rau qib siab ntawm automation ntawm kev npaj rau kev tua. PS kev hloov kho tau ua tub rog nrog 5V55R missiles.

New rocket

Lub S-300 missile system ntawm PM hloov kho tau txais los ntawm Lavxias Army xyoo 1993. Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov neeg tsim qauv tau tswj hwm kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no cuam tshuam txog lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab 48N6, tsim los ntawm Fakel. Koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, ntau dua algorithm rau kev daws teeb meem kev ua lej, ua rau lub hauv paus xam niaj hnub. SAM ib-theemcov roj tau nruab nrog lub xov tooj cua kev taw qhia finder, nws yog launched ejection-vertically, tom qab uas nws rushes mus rau lub hom phiaj. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam huab cua hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm uas S-300 missile system tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem. Qhov ntau ntawm 48N6 nyob ntawm hom kev txav mus los - nws tua cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm qhov deb ntawm 40 km, lub hom phiaj ya qis (10-100 m) ntawm qhov deb ntawm 28 mus rau 38 km, thiab cov dav hlau qub poob rau hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 150 km.

High-explosive fragmentation charge muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 145 kg. Cov khoom siv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ib tug monoblock thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Qhov ntev ntawm 48N6E foob pob hluav taws yog 7.5 m, txoj kab uas hla yog 52 cm, tag nrho qhov hnyav yog 1.8 tons (2.6 tons hauv ib lub thawv). Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis nkoj-raws li complexes ("Reef").

c 300 missile system yam ntxwv
c 300 missile system yam ntxwv

Txoj kev sib tw

S-300 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau missile systems, ua ke rau hauv ib pawg tiv thaiv huab cua, muab kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm huab cua tawm tsam mus rau thaj tsam ntawm kaum tawm txhiab square kilometers. Lawv lub hauv paus kev kawm yog lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus sib tua - 5P85SE launcher (nrog plaub lub thawv foob pob hluav taws txhua). Muaj peev xwm muaj 12 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv qhov complex, Ob lub tsheb pabcuam kom xa cov mos txwv thiab lawv cov khoom ntxiv - 22T6E (loader) thiab 5T58E (kev thauj mus los). Lub hom phiaj nrhiav pom yog ua los ntawm ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev taw qhia radar ntawm 30N6E hom, nrog rau los ntawm 76N6 ntes (rau cov hom phiaj ya qis). Lub zog yog muab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, pab neeg kho mob tuaj koom ua si. Laboratory 13YU6E, nruab nrog cov khoom siv seem. Kuj tseem muaj ntauwd retractable rau nqa qhov chaw - RPN 30N6E, qhov xav tau ntawm nws nyob ntawm thaj av.

missile system nrog 300 duab
missile system nrog 300 duab

yam ntxwv thiab kev cia siab

Kev puas tsuaj ntev, ntau qhov siab thiab nrawm, muaj peev xwm ua tau 12 lub hom phiaj tib lub sijhawm - qhov no yog cov npe luv luv ntawm qhov zoo uas S-300 muaj. Lub missile system, uas nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj cov ntawm tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws analogues, muaj peev xwm tua down aircraft, cruise thiab ballistic missiles nyob deb ntawm 5 mus rau 150 km. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub hom phiaj yoov, 10 meters lossis 27 kilometers. Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom kuj tsis yog qhov teeb meem loj, nws tuaj yeem yog hypersonic 2800 m / s (uas yog, tshaj 10,000 km / h). Yog li, S-300 missile system tau tsim los suav nrog kev cia siab rau lub sijhawm ntev rau kev txhim kho txoj kev tawm tsam thiab yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev cuam tshuam txawv teb chaws txoj cai rau lub sijhawm ntev tuaj. Qhov kev hloov kho muaj peev xwm ntawm lub kaw lus tso cai rau nws los txhim kho tas li ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv.

missile system nrog 300 davhlau ntau
missile system nrog 300 davhlau ntau

Kev

Lub S-300PM thiab S-300SM systems muaj cov chassis sib txawv. Rau kev hloov kho tom qab, lub xov tooj ntawm tes hla lub teb chaws launcher (PU 5P85SM) raws li MAZ-543M tau tsim. Lub viav vias rau plaub lub thawv (TPK) nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntsug so lawv nraub qaum rau hauv av, tom qab ntawd lub foob pob hluav taws tau pib.

Ntau yam khoom siv kuj tau nruab rau hauv lub tsheb: kev npaj ua ntej,tsav tswj, fais fab mov circuits rau foob pob ua ntxaij launch systems nrog ib tug waveguide interface, thiab ntau ntxiv. Kev sib txuas lus nrog lub tsev tswj hwm yog ua raws li xov tooj cua coded channel.

complex nrog 300 duab
complex nrog 300 duab

Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob 5S18M, lub zog yog tsim los ntawm chav tsev roj turbine. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws tsis ua hauj lwm, lub launcher yuav tsum powered los ntawm lwm yam launcher; rau qhov no, ib tug backup cable kev twb kev txuas 60 m ntev ntawm ib tug unwinding reel yog muab.

Tus tsav tsheb cab muaj lub teeb pom kev hmo ntuj infrared rau kev tsav tsheb hmo ntuj nrog lub teeb taws. Cov chaw rau kev tua cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj tau yooj yim, cov xwm txheej tau tsim rau lub luag haujlwm ntev hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Kev sim khiav ntawm tsheb tau pom tias S-300 missile system tuaj yeem taug kev deb ntawm thaj chaw huab cua sib txawv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.

missile system nrog 300ps
missile system nrog 300ps

"Qhov muag" ntawm txoj kev

Lub 30N6E radar yog multifunctional, uas txhais tau hais tias ntxiv rau cov kav hlau txais xov, kuj tseem muaj lub thawv khoom siv ntawm tib lub chassis. Cov emitters yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm phased arrays, beam tswj yog digital. Ib tsab ntawv tshaj tawm kom nce cov phiaj nrhiav tau ntau yam thiab qis dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pom qab ntug yuav tsa rau ntawm ib tus pej thuam tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua hauv roob lossis hauv hav zoov. Qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub hom phiaj nrhiav pom yog lav los ntawm cov channel built-in kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwmhuab cua ib puag ncig. Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav cov hom phiaj tom qab ntawm qhov siab thiab nruab nrab qhov siab, 64H6E qhov chaw siv. Cov khoom ya ya qis ntes 76H6, tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov teeb liab. Thiab thaum kawg, 30N6E multifunctional radar tshawb nrhiav thiab qhia txog cov hom phiaj hauv tag nrho cov kab, taw qhia cov cuaj luaj rau lawv.

tub rog complex nrog 300
tub rog complex nrog 300

Export lub sijhawm

Ib tug tub rog-tsim qauv yog nrov nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws xovxwm raws li lub S-300 missile system. Cov duab ntawm qhov system no tau tshaj tawm ntau zaus. Nws tau hais txog kev sib txuas nrog cov xwm txheej hauv Syria lossis hauv Iran. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov no thiab ntau lub teb chaws tau qhia lawv lub hom phiaj kom tau txais Lavxias teb sab kev tiv thaiv kab ke txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lawv lub dav hlau. Qhov kev txhawb siab yog qhov tseeb, piv txwv ntawm qee lub xeev uas tsis tau saib xyuas kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lawv cov kev tiv thaiv huab cua raws sijhawm thiab dhau los ua cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm huab cua raids ua qhov kev txhawb siab loj. Lub S-300 complex tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub npog ruaj khov tiv thaiv kev ya davhlau tsis xav tau, daim duab uas tau dhau los ua ib hom "scarecrow" rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau ntawm cov teb chaws uas tau siv los foob pob hluav taws xob nrog kev tsis txaus siab.

Hais txog qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li cas, tam sim no, feem ntau tuaj yeem kwv yees. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj neeg yos hav zoov tau pom los sim nws lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev xyaum.

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