Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua nrhiav kev txwv kev tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv ntej kom ntau li ntau tau. Kev sib ntaus yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob echelons. Cov tswv yim zoo li no tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau neeg lub zog thiab lub sijhawm kom xa cov kev txiav txim siab rau cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov no ua tau ua tsaug rau kev siv aviation. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua yog txwv los ntawm huab cua. Yog li ntawd, lub missile system yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov riam phom zoo li no tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tebchaws tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, rau lub sij hawm ntev, lub Oka missile muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam ib tug muaj peev xwm yeeb ncuab. Cov lus piav qhia, lub hom phiaj thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
Introduction
Rocket "Oka", lossis OTR-23 (GRAU 9K714), yog Soviet kev ua haujlwm-tactical complex ntawm qib tub rog. Hauv NATO, nws tau teev npe raws li SS-23 Kab laug sab. Tsim los ntawm Kolomna Design Bureau nyob rau hauvkev coj noj coj ua ntawm S. P. Invincible.
Hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau OTP
Vim qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nom kev tswv uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 70s, thawj qhov kev txhim kho ntawm tactical thiab ua haujlwm-tactical missile systems siv tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua nuclear. Missiles, xws li TRK thiab OTRK, tau qhov txawv ntawm qhov raug ntaus tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, theoretically tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev kov yeej tus yeeb ncuab lub tshuab tiv thaiv missile. Qhov tsis ntev los no-rau-tau-tau-tau-tau-tau-tau hloov tub rog-txoj kev xwm txheej tau dhau los ua lub zog rau kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo (non-nuclear) hauv TRC thiab OTRK. Cov kws tshaj lij tsim cov kev cai yooj yim uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv kev tsim cov complexes. Raws li cov kev cai no, tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum yog:
- Txoj kev ywj pheej, mobile, maneuverable thiab hla lub tebchaws.
- Muaj peev xwm muab kev qhia zais cia nrog kev tawm tsam ntxiv.
- Txhim kho rau kev siv ntawm engineering thiab topographically unexplored pib txoj hauj lwm.
- Txhim kho thiab siv tau yooj yim.
- Independent of the temperature regime.
Ntxiv rau, OTRK yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev kov yeej txoj kev, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws yog ntshaw kom automate cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj thiab tso lub foob pob ua ntxaij ntau npaum li sai tau, nrog rau txo lub sij hawm rau deploying self-propelled launchers thiab npaj rau lub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers.
History of Creation
Lub foob pob hluav taws Soviet "Oka" tau tsim txij li xyoo 1973. OTR-23 tau npaj los hloovmissile system 9K72. Txij li thaum xyoo 1972, lub koom haum Moscow ntawm Thermal Engineering tau ua haujlwm tsim qauv ntawm Uran ua haujlwm-tactical missile. Tom qab ua tiav, tus qauv tsim ua ntej tau raug xa mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tsim Qauv ntawm Mechanical Engineering hauv nroog Kolomna. Minister of Defense Industry S. A. Zverev nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1973 tau kos npe rau tsab cai No. Lub Oka missile tau tsim los ntawm Uran OTR.
Kev npaj av
Txij li xyoo 1975, kev npaj ua haujlwm tau ua tiav rau kev sim davhlau ntawm Oka missile, qhov chaw uas yog Kapustin Yar kev cob qhia hauv av, uas yog qhov chaw No. 231. Ua ntej kev sim, lawv tau npaj qhov chaw pib, kho qhov chaw. sib dhos thiab sim lub tsev, equipping nws nrog meter canopy. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws, Vors camouflage txheej tau nteg, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uas yog los muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab chaw soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej. Kev khawb av tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1977.
About the test
1977 yog xyoo ntawm thawj zaug kev sim davhlau ntawm Soviet foob pob hluav taws Oka. Cov txheej txheem rau kev sim, cov dej num thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj tau pom zoo los ntawm lub rooj sib tham uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Mechanical Engineering. Tag nrho ntawm 31 Oka missiles tau npaj yuav tsim tawm. Kev sim ntsuas hauv xeev tau ua thaum xyoo 1978 thiab 1979. Xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm Oka missile raws li qhov cuam tshuam rau txoj hauv kev ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm OTP hauv huab cua kub thiab txias tau sim. Thawj thawj zaug tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 1977. Rocket "Oka" ua lub davhlau luv. Raws liCov kws tshaj lij, kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub complex tau ua ib txwm ua, thiab lub davhlau mus rau 8 txhiab meters tshwm sim vim qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm onboard processor.
About purpose
Lub Soviet missile "Oka" muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsuaj me me thiab thaj chaw lub hom phiaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab: cov foob pob hluav taws, ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob, cov phom ntev ntev, cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau nyob ntawm tshav dav hlau, cov lus txib, cov chaw sib txuas lus tseem ceeb, bases thiab arsenals. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nrog kev pab los ntawm OTR-23 complex, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom puas cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev lag luam.
About the composition of the complex
OTR-23 yog qhov system ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Solid foob pob ua ntxaij 9K714.
- Systems lub luag hauj lwm rau aiming missile ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab tswj nws thaum nws ya.
- Tus kheej-propelled launcher.
- Chassis.
- tsheb thauj mus los.
- Teaching aids.
- Kev kho tsheb.
Hais txog kev taw qhia thiab kev tswj hwm
Lub 9B81 lub luag haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm kho lub hom phiaj ntawm Oka combat missile nyob rau theem nquag ntawm lub davhlau. Cov kev tswj tau tsim los ntawm tshwj xeeb rotary motor nozzles thiab lattice aerodynamic rudders. Cov cuab yeej tswj tau sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Command-gyroscopic device (KGP) 9B86. Rau OTR-23, gyro-stabilized platform yog muab, nyob rau hauv uas ceev thiab acceleration sensors muab tso.
- Digital computing device 9B84.
- Analoguelub laij lej 9B83.
- Automatic unit.
- Block 9B813, uas tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Optico-electronic system 9Sh133 lub luag haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj. OTP "Point" kuj tau nruab nrog lub kaw lus zoo sib xws.
9B81 system ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub missile tau coj thaum nws nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntsug hauv lub launcher. Ua li no, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj, nws yog tsim nyog los tig lub gyro-stabilized platform. Thaum pib, lub foob pob hluav taws pib txav mus rau ntawm ib qho khoom muab rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis muab rau nws. Txawm tias tom qab nws tau kov yeej qhov chaw nquag, kev tswj hwm tsis txwv nws txoj haujlwm. Ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau muab los ntawm aerodynamic rudders, uas tau pib ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem huab cua.
Kev kov yeej qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab foob pob hluav taws tau ua tau los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Maneuvering tam sim tom qab foob pob hluav taws.
- Setting a high flight path.
- Muab foob pob hluav taws kub ceev.
- Txhim kho lub taub hau nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thermal tiv thaiv.
- Tshaj tawm ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam thiab tsis ua haujlwm tom qab tshem tawm lub taub hau (warhead). Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog los xyaum qhov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm rab phom.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, theoretically targeting enemy anti-missile defenses yuav nyuaj yog tias lub foob pob hluav taws tau roj nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov qauv no hauv kev xyaum.
About STC thiab Chassis
Lub complex yog nruab nrogTus kheej-propelled launcher (SPU) 9P71. Cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov qauv yog cov nroj tsuag "Barricades". Serial ntau lawm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Petropavlovsk hnyav engineering cog npe tom qab. Lenin. Ib tug self-propelled launcher nrog ob lub foob pob hluav taws tau ntsia rau ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom (TZM 9T230) nrog BAZ-6944 chassis. Lub rooj zaum ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog lub hauv ntej ntawm lub chassis. BAZ muaj ib lub cav compartment thiab cargo compartment. Lub yim-wheeled chassis nta ywj siab torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab sib txawv-siab dav-profile log tsheb. Kev hloov pauv tau ua los ntawm thawj ob khub ntawm lub log. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb muaj ob lub dav hlau dej, nrog kev pab los ntawm BAZ kov yeej dej obstacles. Cov cuaj luaj tau nyob rau ntawm SPU qhib, tsis tas siv cov khoom thauj thiab tso tawm. Qhov chaw rau qhov chaw pib thiab sim-lav khoom, kev sib txuas lus thiab cov tshuab uas muab aiming, yog sab hauv ntawm SPU.
About the transport car
Cov cuaj luaj tau thauj hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb 9Ya249. Rau lub hom phiaj no, 9T240 tsheb thauj khoom tau siv. Cov thawv cais 9Y251 tau npaj rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws.
About 9K714
Lub complex tau nruab nrog 9K714 roj foob pob hluav taws, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib theem kev ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub foob pob hluav taws Oka (duab qhia hauv tsab xov xwm) muaj lub taub hau uas tuaj yeem tshem tau. Reinforced carbon fiber tau siv los tsim cov foob pob hluav taws.
Ib txheej tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tshav kub tau siv rau saum npoo. Lub layout ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nram qab no compartments:
- Motiv. Nws muaj lub nozzle thaiv thiab aerodynamic rudders.
- Dashboard.
- Kev hloov pauv. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam zoo li lub khob hliav qab txuas cov foob pob hluav taws thiab lub taub hau. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub adapter yog 80 kg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub complex muaj ib tug detachable warhead. Cov txheej txheem rau kev sib cais lub taub hau tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tua pyrobolts, tom qab ntawd lub cav nres tau tig rau hauv lub foob pob hluav taws.
Qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab nres nres yog qhov seem ntawm qhov thaiv. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tau sim thaum xyoo 1978-1983. Lub 9K714 siv lub inertial tswj system. Ua ntej tshaj tawm, nws siv tsis pub dhau 15 feeb los hloov lub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv lub active ceg ntawm lub davhlau, 9K714 tau tsim ib tug ceev ntawm 4M. Kev tsim cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws tau ua los ntawm Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant.
About combat equipment
9K714 tau sawv cev los ntawm cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:
- 9K714B. Muaj nuclear warhead AA-75. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 500,000 meters.
- 9M714F. Rau lub foob pob hluav taws, ib qho kev tawg tawg loj heev ntawm lub taub hau tau muab. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau tsis tshaj 450 kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub missile yog tsis ntau tshaj 450 txhiab meters.
- 9M714K. Rau missiles, pawg warheads tau muab. Lub warhead hnyav li ntawm 715 kg. Lawv muaj submunitions ntawm 95units hnyav 4 kg. Thaum ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 3 km nrog lub foob pob hluav taws, nws lub taub hau tau qhib. Thaj chaw txog li 100 txhiab square meters tau cuam tshuam
Ntxiv rau cov kev xaiv saum toj no, lub taub hau ntawm 9K714 missiles kuj tseem muaj tshuaj lom.
Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Oka missile
- OTR-23 yog qhov kev ua haujlwm-tactical missile system, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Lavxias hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
- Nws tau tsim los rau qhov kev tua tsawg kawg ntawm 15 txhiab meters.
- Qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuaj luaj yog 120 txhiab meters.
- Dab tsi los ntawm kev tua phom siab.
- Qhov hnyav pib ntawm lub complex yog 2010 kg.
- Kev npaj rau lub foob pob hluav taws tsis pub dhau 2 feeb.
- Nyhav PU nrog 9K714 - 181 145 kg.
- Lub launcher txav ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 60 km / h, ua luam dej - 8 km / h.
- Ib lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua muaj roj ntau ntawm 650 km.
- Technically, BM tau tsim los kov yeej yam tsawg 15 txhiab meters.
- Cov neeg coob muaj peb tus neeg.
- Lub foob pob hluav taws uas muaj zog ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm -40 txog +50 degrees.
- Kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm 9K714 tsis tshaj 10 xyoo.
- Ntau ntawm cov missile warhead yog 482 kg.
- Qhov hnyav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tsis muaj lub taub hau yog 3990 kg.
Yees Kev Pabcuam
OTR-23 tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1980. Serial ntau lawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm-tactical missilecov complexes tau ua thaum xyoo 1979-1987. Xyoo 1987, tom qab lub rooj sib tham Soviet-American hauv Washington thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov thawj coj hauv Soviet tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov cuaj luaj nruab nrab thiab luv luv.
Txij li thaum Oka complex muaj ntau txog 400 txhiab meters, nws, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe no. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias ua tau raws li kev lees paub dav dav, OTP-23 tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev txo qis.
Peb hnub
Raws li Tus Lwm Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Yuri Borisov, cov tuam txhab uas muab cov kev xav tau ntawm Lavxias tub rog-kev lag luam complex siv cov qauv tsim ntawm Oka missile. Iskander, uas tau hloov lub Soviet OTR-2, tam sim no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab Asmeskas. Vim muaj qhov raug siab thiab ntau yam ntawm cov cuaj luaj, qhov complex no yog ib qho cuab yeej ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua uas siv los ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tub rog thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
