Atlantic sturgeon: piav qhia, hom thiab chaw nyob

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Atlantic sturgeon: piav qhia, hom thiab chaw nyob
Atlantic sturgeon: piav qhia, hom thiab chaw nyob

Video: Atlantic sturgeon: piav qhia, hom thiab chaw nyob

Video: Atlantic sturgeon: piav qhia, hom thiab chaw nyob
Video: Naccari sturgeon in Spain Riofrio 2024, Tej zaum
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Phau Ntawv Liab yog ib qho kev ceeb toom rau tib neeg ntawm qhov kev xav tsis zoo thiab khib nyiab nws kho cov peev txheej ntuj. Txhua qhov kev pom tau sau rau ntawm nws nplooj ntawv yog lub sijhawm los xav txog lub ntiaj teb yav tom ntej. Niaj hnub no, piv txwv li, lo lus nug ntawm seb puas yog ib hom tsiaj loj ntawm sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, yuav muaj sia nyob hauv ntiaj teb yog mob heev. Thiab ib zaug nws yog ib tug nquag qhua ntawm rooj noj mov thiab noj hmo.

Atlantic sturgeon
Atlantic sturgeon

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Tus Atlantic sturgeon yog ib tug tsiaj chordate los ntawm cov ntses ray-finned. Nws belongs rau tsev neeg loj sturgeon. Lub npe Latin ntawm hom Acipenser sturio.

Inside lub genus ntawm sturgeons, hom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Phylogenetic kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm hom sturgeon tsis tau kawm tag nrho. Muaj ib qho kev muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv nrog cov tsiaj uas muaj txog 120 chromosomes (stellate sturgeon). Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau tsim qhov tseeb taxonomic xwm txheej rau qee cov neeg uas tau poob rau hauv thaj chaw nyob ib leeg. Feem ntau cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob ib ncig ntawm North American sturgeon cov pej xeemAtlantic, uas lawv tab tom sim hloov mus rau hom qeb.

loj heev Atlantic sturgeon
loj heev Atlantic sturgeon

Type of Atlantic sturgeon

Sturgeon tuaj yeem yog hom tsiaj, ib nrab-anadromous thiab cov dej tshiab. Ob hom ntawm Atlantic sturgeon nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet: tsiv teb tsaws (anadromous), tsiv mus rau cov dej ntws, thiab cov dej tshiab (qhov chaw nyob) uas nyob hauv Lake Ladoga.

Nyob zoo

Nyob rau hnub qub, tus loj heev Atlantic sturgeon nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab B altic Seas. Tau ntsib raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tebchaws Europe hauv Atlantic. Qee zaum ntes tau hauv Hiav Txwv Dub. Cov hom tau suav tias yog ntses lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.

Thaum lub sijhawm yug me nyuam tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Atlantic sturgeon tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv dej ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad, Gulf of Finland thiab txawm tias Neva. Tab sis nws tsis nyob mus ib txhis hauv cov chaw no. Ib qho kev ntes tau raug kaw hauv Hiav Txwv Dawb, ib tus neeg loj raug ntes ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej. Ua. Anadromous hom tuaj hla hauv dej ntawm Northern Dvina.

Atlantic sturgeon trophy nuv ntses
Atlantic sturgeon trophy nuv ntses

Cov neeg nyob hauv Ladoga tau kawm me ntsis. Nws paub tias Atlantic sturgeons mus rau Volkhov River kom yug me nyuam. Cov chaw yug me nyuam yav tas los nyob rau sab qis mus rau qhov nrawm.

Zoo

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm Atlantic sturgeon yog nws loj loj. Yav dhau los, cov tib neeg tuaj hla nws lub cev ntev tshaj 5 meters. Qhov hnyav tib lub sijhawm tuaj yeem tawm mus rau 600 kg. Sturgeons tau lees paub centenarians, thiab hom Atlantic tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm lub neej expectancy, tab sis cov tib neeg uas poob rau hauv lawv txhais tes yog los ntawm45 txog 100 xyoo.

Lub Atlantic sturgeon txawv ntawm nws cov phooj ywg hom nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj folds tsim los ntawm gill daim nyias nyias hauv qab qhov chaw intergill. Lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov ntses yog me me nrog ib tug tawg sab di ncauj, lub taub hau tapers rau pem hauv ntej thiab zoo li me ntsis flattened. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov kov yog ua los ntawm ob khub ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov. Ob lub qhov muag kuj me me, nrog lub iris golden.

Dab tsi yog Atlantic sturgeon ntes tau?
Dab tsi yog Atlantic sturgeon ntes tau?

Zoo li txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cartilaginous ganoids, Atlantic sturgeon muaj ntau cov pob txha ntev ntawm nws lub cev, hu ua kab. Tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj no uas lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog loj dua lwm tus. Tail stalk tiv thaiv los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog loj. Muaj cov pob txha rhombic plaques nyob tom qab.

Cov xim ntawm sturgeon yog dim. Lub cev yog txiv ntseej-bluish, qee tus neeg muaj lub ntsej muag kub. Cov kab no yog pleev xim rau lub teeb ntawm lub cev. Lub cev qis (lub plab) yog dawb.

Txoj kev coj cwj pwm

Anadromous Atlantic sturgeons tsiv los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau cov dej ntws mus rau ntses. Lawv tsis sib sau ua ke hauv tsev kawm ntawv loj, zoo li lwm cov ntses, tab sis mus nyob ib leeg lossis hauv pab pawg me. Raws li lub sij hawm ntawm kev yug me nyuam, muaj cov ntaub ntawv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no. Lub caij ntuj no sturgeons nyob rau lub caij ntuj no hauv dej tshiab.

Cov tsiaj me nyob hauv tus dej tau ntau xyoo. Cov menyuam yaus mus rau hiav txwv tsuas yog thaum lawv ncav cuag ib lub cev ntev (los ntawm 60 cm).

Reproduction

Hnub nyoog ntawm ib tug txiv neej los ntawm xya los yog cuaj xyoo. Tus poj niam laus tom qab, thaum muaj hnub nyoog yim los yog kaum plaub (cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv Hiav Txwv Dub). Thaumspawning poj niam tuaj yeem cheb ob peb lab qe. Caviar yog tsau rau ntawm substrate. Kev loj hlob ntawm embryonic yuav siv sij hawm 3-4 hnub, tab sis dej kub yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 20 ° C. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, embryonic kev loj hlob yog ncua los ntawm 10-12 hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm hatching, qhov ntev ntawm larva yog hais txog 10 mm. Hauv 2 lub lis piam, lub cev ntev mus txog 18 hli, thaum lub sij hawm cov larvae pib noj lawv tus kheej.

neva atlantic sturgeon
neva atlantic sturgeon

lawv noj dab tsi

Hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov larvae yog planktonic crustaceans thiab chironamides. Lawv tuaj yeem noj cov kab larvae. Cov neeg laus Atlantic sturgeons noj gerbils thiab anchovies, nrog rau cov kab mob invertebrate thiab me crustaceans. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov ntses nyob hauv cov khoom noj.

kev txuag thiab nuv ntses

Tus Atlantic sturgeon yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev ploj tuag. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg tsawg heev, niaj hnub no kev ntes ntawm Atlantic sturgeon yog txwv tsis pub thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias dab tsi lub Atlantic sturgeon raug ntes rau. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj los tham txog iav heev. Tsuas yog ib qho tseeb, yog tias cov pej xeem tuaj yeem rov qab los, thiab kev ntes ntawm Atlantic sturgeon ua tau, ces qhov no yuav tsum yog tus pas nuv ntses muaj zog heev nrog kev sib tw zoo. Feem ntau, qhov ntes tau los ntawm gillnets thaum lub sij hawm spawning migration.

Nyob rau hauv hnub qub, ib tug loj heev Atlantic sturgeon tuaj hla. Trophy nuv ntses, uas yog, lub siab nyiam ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses kom tau txais cov neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Neva xyoo 1851, ib tug poj niam Atlantic sturgeon hnyav yuav luag 320 kg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus cua fillet, thaum lub sij hawm cov neeg nuv ntses tau txais 80 kg ntawm caviar. Hauv FinnishBay, ib tug neeg loj raug ntes tau hauv xyoo 1934. Cov ntses no hnyav 177 kg. Ib qho khoom plig tseem ceeb kuj tau txais hauv Lake Ladoga. Tus ntes tau Atlantic sturgeon yog yuav luag 3 m ntev thiab hnyav 130 kg. Los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus loj heev no, ib tug tsiaj txhu tau ua, uas yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv St.

pp 3 7 neva Atlantic sturgeon
pp 3 7 neva Atlantic sturgeon

Qhov kawg tau lees paub ntawm Atlantic sturgeon tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1984. Tus poj niam ntev 1.5 m raug ntes, hnyav txog 30 kg.

Hnub no tau lees paub tias Atlantic sturgeon tau khaws cia hauv Hiav Txwv Dub ze ntawm tus dej Rioni.

Vim li cas tus lej thiaj poob

Kev puas tsuaj loj rau tus naj npawb ntawm Atlantic sturgeon ua rau tib neeg ua haujlwm. Cov dams los yog dams yog ua rau cov dej ntws. Piv txwv li, Volkhov River, uas lub Atlantic sturgeon spawns los ntawm Lake Ladoga, tau thaiv nyob rau hauv 1926 los ntawm ib tug pas dej ua ke. Hauv xyoo tas los no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sturgeons hauv tus dej no tsis tau txais lawm.

Tus txiv neej tso cov khoom pov tseg rau hauv dej thiab hiav txwv, dej paug cuam tshuam rau cov ntses. Qhov chaw spawning rau sturgeons raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntoo rafting. Cov pob txha sib sau ua ke hauv thaj chaw sib cais, thaiv cov kab ke thiab rot, cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem oxygen.

Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm cov genomes kom lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov hom. Cov haujlwm no yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig tsuas yog nrog kev koom tes tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws cuam tshuam.

Atlantic sturgeon
Atlantic sturgeon

Kev ua si "Lavxias teb sab nuv ntses"

Koj tuaj yeem ntes Atlantic sturgeon tsis yog ntawm kev nuv ntses trophy xwb. Hnub nomuaj cov kev ua si hauv online uas koj tuaj yeem qhia koj cov txuj ci hauv ntiaj teb virtual. "Russian Nuv Ntses" (RR) yog qhov kev ua si uas txawm tias tus pib tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim. Ntawm Neva, Atlantic sturgeon raug ntes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hu ua Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Kev nuv ntses zoo li no tso cai rau koj nce qib hauv qhov kev ua si sai yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau them nqi ntxiv.

Cov lus qhia rau cov pib tshiab:

  • Yog koj ntes tau ntses loj, haus cawv thiab noj ntses kua zaub.
  • Catching sturgeon yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntab, yog li koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev paub ntau ntxiv hauv qhov kev ua si.
  • Yog koj ntes tau ntses me, muab pov tseg.

Yog koj xav ua si RR 3.7. (Neva), Atlantic sturgeon yuav tsum raug ntes los ntawm koj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj txog 2 lab hauv kev ua si rub tawm. Tus nqi ntawm Xauv Ntses yog 450 txhiab rau 1 daim, thaum koj yuav xav tau tsawg kawg peb. Ib tug zoo, haib reel yuav raug nqi tsawg kawg yog 450,000.

Pom zoo: