Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb xav tham txog yam txuj ci tseem ceeb twg yog tsob ntoo mammoth? Rau cov neeg uas pom nws thawj zaug, nws zoo nkaus li tias nws yog tej yam yees siv, zoo li yog los ntawm qee zaj dab neeg. Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov nroj tsuag loj no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov loj heev sequoia.
Los ntawm keeb kwm…
tsob ntoo mammoth loj heev, sab nraud nws cov ceg zoo ib yam li tus nas mommoth tiag tiag. Cov nroj tsuag me ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm kaum meters, thiab qee cov qauv loj hlob mus txog 110 meters. Thaj, lub sequoia muaj keeb kwm ntev heev, vim hais tias hav zoov ntawm cov ntoo no tau muaj txij li lub sijhawm ntawm dinosaurs. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb, lawv tau faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, lawv loj hlob nyob rau sab qaum teb California thiab nyob rau hauv lub Sierra Nevada roob.
Nws nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj, qhia tias lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog 3-4 txhiab xyoo, txawm tias qee qhov qauv mus txog 13 txhiab xyoo.
Tom qab nrhiav pom tsob ntoo mammoth los ntawm cov neeg European, nws tau hloov nws lub npe ob peb zaug. British botanist Lindley hu ua tsob nroj Wellingtonia (hauv kev hwm ntawmDuke of Wellington), thiab cov neeg Amelikas tau hais kom tis npe rau tsob ntoo Washingtonia (hauv kev hwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Washington). Tab sis cov npe no twb tau muab rau lwm cov nroj tsuag, yog li xyoo 1939 tsob ntoo hu ua sequoiadendron.
Giant Sequoia: Description
Sequoiadendron belongs rau genus ntawm evergreen coniferous nroj tsuag ntawm Cypress tsev neeg. Thawj qhov hais txog cov nroj tsuag no ntawm cov neeg European hnub rov qab mus rau 1833. Tam sim no, tsob ntoo mammoth yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tseem hu ua " tsob ntoo liab". Cov nroj tsuag muaj xiav-ntsuab koob thiab liab-xim av tawv, uas yog ntau tshaj 60 centimeters tuab, uas ua rau tsob ntoo resistant rau Frost. Qhov siab ntawm sequoiadendron yog ntau tshaj ib puas meters, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cev ntawm lub hauv paus yog 10 meters. Kwv yees qhov hnyav ntawm xws li ib tug loj heev yog tsawg kawg yog ob txhiab tons. Xws li ib tsob nroj evergreen loj hlob ntawm qhov siab txog li 750 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Raws ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm California.
Loj-loj sequoias suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo loj tshaj plaws hauv qhov xwm txheej, nrog rau cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws. Ntawm lawv muaj txog 50 tsob ntoo siab tshaj 105 meters. Tsob ntoo hlob tshaj plaws hnub no muaj txog 3500 xyoo. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias cov neeg loj heev muaj lawv tus kheej ecosystems ntawm lub pob tw. Lichens thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag me me, tsiaj txhu thiab kab mob muaj sia nyob ntawm no.
Thaum me nyuam yaus, cov ntoo mammoth loj hlob sai heev (10-20 centimeters ib xyoos). Lawv muaj lub cone-puab, ntom crown, tom qab nws ua ntau duaoutstretched thiab tuav siab. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, cov ceg tsuas yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pob tw. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog ntsuab xim av.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus cog, cov tawv liab-xim av yog tuab heev thiab mos, nws yog cais los ntawm lub cev los ntawm fibers. Cov koob tseem nyob ntawm qhov tua mus txog plaub xyoos. Cov nroj tsuag blooms lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis.
Ntawm tsob ntoo mammoth
Mammoth ntoo yog ntoo muaj nuj nqis heev, feem ntau muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov ntoo liab thiab dawb sapwood (los yog daj daj). Sequoia bark yog tuab heev, liab nrog tob grooves ntawm qhov chaw, nws ntseeg tau tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm lwm yam.
Cov ntoo loj heev tsis rot, yog vim li cas cov ntoo hauv lawv lub tebchaws tau pib rhuav tshem txij li lub sijhawm cov miners kub thiab thawj cov neeg tshawb nrhiav. Txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj ntau tshaj 500 daim ntawv tau muaj sia nyob, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab txiav txim siab tseg.
Sequoiadendron yog suav tias yog ib lub siab ntev hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob ntau dua 2000 xyoo. Ib tsob ntoo hlob mus txog 400-500 xyoo.
qhov sequoia loj hlob nyob qhov twg?
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov twg tsob ntoo mammoth loj hlob, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau lub sijhawm Cretaceous, cov ntoo ntsuab no tau nthuav dav thoob plaws sab qaum teb hemisphere. Tab sis tam sim no insignificant seem ntawm hav zoov tau khaws cia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv cheeb tsam ntawm North America. Cov ntoo loj hlob hauv ib txoj kab nqaim raws ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific. Qhov ntev ntawm lub strip no tsis ntau tshaj 720 kilometers. Thiab nws nyob ntawm altitude 600-900 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Sequoia (cov duab tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog qhov xav tau ntawm huab cua ntub, thiab yog li qhov siab tshaj plaws nws tuaj yeem txav los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yog 48 mais, tshuav nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm huab cua ntub dej hiav txwv. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, nws tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem nyob.
tsob ntoo Mammoth: nthuav qhov tseeb
Ib tsob txiv ntoo uas muaj sia nyob tsis tuag, tab sis tseem loj hlob, siv nws cov tua rau qhov no. Yog tias tsis muaj leej twg lossis tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lawv, tom qab ib ntus lawv yuav tig mus rau hauv cov ntoo ywj pheej. Feem ntau ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev yooj yim no. Txhua tsev neeg ntawm tsob ntoo no yog tsim los ntawm cov tsis muaj qhov seem ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Raws li txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm ib qho qub stump, ua ib lub voj voog. Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm mini-grove, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias nws yog tib yam rau ob lub stump thiab tag nrho kev loj hlob.
Tus loj heev mammoth muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb - thaum lub sij hawm kub nws tso tsis tau tsuas yog koob, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov ceg. Nws reacts kom sov nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug nthuav txoj kev.
Cov ntoo loj tshaj plaws uas tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no muaj lawv lub npe. Yog li, muaj "General Sherman", "Leej Txiv ntawm Hav Zoov", "General Grant" thiab lwm yam. tsob ntoo mammoth "Txiv Hav Zoov" tsis muaj lawm, tab sis nws cov lus piav qhia tau raug khaws cia, los ntawm qhov nws paub tias tsob ntoo ncav cuag 135 meters hauv qhov siab, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cev ntawm lub hauv paus yog 12 meters.
Tab sis lub sequoia (duab yog muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm)"General Sherman" muaj qhov siab txog 83 meters. Nws kwv yees hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj 1500 cubic meters ntawm zoo ntoo, thiab lub girth ntawm lub cev ntawm lub hauv paus muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 11 meters. Nws yuav siv lub tsheb ciav hlau 25 lub tsheb thauj cov ntoo zoo li no.
Koj tuaj yeem pom sequoia qhov twg?
Yuav kom pom tsob ntoo mammoth zoo li cas, koj tsis tas yuav ya mus rau lwm lub teb chaws, tsuas yog mus saib Nikitsky Botanical Garden hauv Crimea (nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv). Ob tsob ntoo loj tshaj plaws loj hlob ntawm kab 9 thiab 7 ntawm Upper Park ntawm Arboretum. Ib tug ntawm lawv ncav cuag 42.5 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab lub girth ntawm lub cev yog 610 centimeters. Ob tsob nroj tau cog thaum ntxov li xyoo 1886, thiab cov noob ntawm cov noob yav tom ntej tau txais xyoo 1881. Nws nyuaj rau xav, tab sis hnub no cov ntoo muaj 136 xyoo.
ntoo
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, sequoia muaj cov ntoo zoo heev thiab tib lub sijhawm loj hlob sai heev. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no nws yog zus nyob rau hauv hav zoov. Lub teeb, ruaj khov ntoo, tsis raug kev puas tsuaj, yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv. Cov rooj tog zaum, telegraph ncej, sleepers, vuas, ntawv yog tsim los ntawm nws. Qhov tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw tag ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab haus luam yeeb. Nws yog siv los ua lub thawv thiab lub thawv rau luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb, thoob rau zib ntab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, sequoia kuj tseem siv los ua cov nroj tsuag ornamental, cog hauv vaj, chaw ua si thiab chaw cia. Nws tau noj hauv paus hauv ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Europe, qhov twg cov nroj tsuagtau qhia nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
Tshwj xeeb tom qab
tsob ntoo mammoth yog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj thiab muaj koob meej uas tau nqis los rau peb txij li thaum ub. Ib sab ntawm cov neeg loj heev, ib tug neeg zoo li yog ib qho tsiaj me me, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws yog tib neeg kev cuam tshuam uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov nroj tsuag zoo kawg no. Hmoov tsis zoo, tam sim no tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cov qub cog ntoo mammoth, txoj haujlwm ntawm tiam tam sim no yog khaws cia cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm tseem tshuav thiab tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev tuag.
