Oak yog ib hom nroj tsuag uas nyob hauv tsev neeg beech. Nws muaj ob hom: tsob ntoo thiab tsob ntoo. Oak muab ntau tshaj 500 hom. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm tsob ntoo yog sawv cev los ntawm Northern Hemisphere. Cov nroj tsuag nyiam huab cua sov, yog li nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb nws nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv toj siab kub. Cov nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pom zoo, ib feem noj tau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
maturation cycle
Oak yog ib tsob ntoo uas muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntsuab ntsuab. Nws cov yas yuav tsis hloov tau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau hom uas nplooj poob tawm nrog qhov pib ntawm thawj Frost. Lub inflorescences ntawm tsob ntoo yog unisexual, me me. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub crown cover thaum pollination yog tsis zoo tsim. Cov paj muaj zog tsuas yog poj niam xwb, txiv neej qhwv ntsej tuaj yeem poob ntawm qhov cua me ntsis. Nws yog noteworthy tias ntoo qhib yog ib tsob ntoo, rau pollination ntawm cov nplai ntawm ob tug poj niam yog xav tau ib zaug. Lub ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov menyuam, uas yog ib tug me me saucer. Tom qab ntawd, acorn hlob nyob rau hauv nws. Txhua hom ntoo qhib muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv thiab cov duab ntawm cov menyuam. Hauv qee hom, acorns yog elongated, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - puag ncig thiab me me, nyob rau hauv lub thib peb - txiv ntseej-puab. Nws raug tso cai hla kev yug me nyuam, tab sis qhov no yog qhov zootej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv cov txiaj ntsig.
Ib tsob ntoo hlob qeeb heev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau pua xyoo. Lub hauv paus system yog tsim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, ces nws lossi tsim. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias tom qab pom cov ntoo qhib, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, muaj zog tua sprout abundantly los ntawm stump. Oak yog tsob ntoo uas tsis xav tau ntau dhau ntawm cov av, yog li cov av tuaj yeem ua txhua yam. Kev yug me nyuam ntuj tshwm sim los ntawm acorns. Qhov siab ntawm Oak sib txawv mus txog 40-45 meters. Qhov ntim ntawm cov yas nyob ntawm qhov yug thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Kev piav qhia ntawm pedunculate oak
hom nroj tsuag no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tib yam, vim nws muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau sab Europe ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Oak sprouts los ntawm ib tug acorn nyob rau hauv tsuas yog rau lub hlis. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm 20 xyoo, nws lub cev, crown thiab keeb kwm yog tsim. Cov ntoo qub tshaj plaws ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 50 meters. Lub cev thiab ceg yog tuab, muaj zog, muaj peev xwm tiv taus txawm tias cua hnyav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab tej yam kev mob thiab ib tug tsim hauv paus system, pedunculate oaks muaj peev xwm nyob mus txog 1000 xyoo. Lub bark yog xim av tsaus, tuab. Cov nplooj yog oblong, loj hlob hauv pawg, muaj los ntawm 3 mus rau 7 blunt lobes nrog me ntsis hniav. Cov ntoo no tawg thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig. Cov oaks feem ntau nyiam lub hnub, vim nws yog cov nroj tsuag kub-resistant. Acorns mus txog 3.5 cm ntev.
Txoj kev ntawm cov ntoo qhib ntoo
Feem ntau, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj no pom muaj nyob hauv Transcaucasus, hauv Crimea, nrog rau hauv Asia Me thiab nyob rau sab qab teb Europe. Cov ntoo ncav cuag qhov siab tsuas yog 8-10 meters. Sib txawv ntawm durability thiab kub tsis kam. Kuv yuav tsum hais, xws li hom oaksho inferior rau ntau lwm yam nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Tab sis lawv muaj ib tug heev sinuous tuab pob tw nrog nthuav ceg. Vim nws qhov loj me thiab dav dav, cov nroj tsuag feem ntau zoo li tsob ntoo loj los ntawm qhov deb.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov nplooj qee zaum ncav cuag 10 cm. Lawv hloov pauv hauv cov duab, loj hlob ua khub, cov lobes yog me ntsis taw, ntsuab tsaus. Interestingly, cov nplai nyob ib puag ncig cov acorn yog fluffy thiab mos.
Holm ntoo qhib qauv
tsob ntoo yog suav tias yog ib txwm nyob rau Mediterranean thiab Asia Minor. Tam sim no lawv tau nquag cog qoob loo hauv North Africa thiab Europe. Qhov no yog ib tsob nroj ntsuab uas nws qhov siab yog 22-25 meters. Lub cev yog grey, du. Lub crown yog nthuav, ntom. Cov nplooj lawv tus kheej me me, sib txawv hauv cov duab, ci, ci ntsuab hauv cov xim, tawv. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thib ob. Oak loj hlob sai, tsis hais qhov kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog tsim rau frosts mus rau -20 degrees thiab kub txog +40. Shade tolerant, drought tolerant. Cov tsiaj hu ua pob zeb vim qhov tseeb tias cov ntoo feem ntau loj hlob ntawm pob zeb, nyob rau thaj tsam roob.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov ntoo qhib liab
Feem ntau pom nyob ntawm ntug dej. Nws tsis nyiam cov dej khov kho hauv av. Red Oak yog suav tias yog ib txwm nyob rau North America, tshwj xeeb yog Canada. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xws li ntoo ncav cuag 25 meters. Outwardly, lub cev yog slender, du. Cov tawv ntoo grey darkens thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm. Oak crown yog lub tsev pheeb suab, ntsuab nrog yellowish tints ze rau hauv av. Cov nplooj yog loj, qee zaum lawv txoj kab uas hla mus txog 25 cm. Lawv muaj taw lobes. Redden nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiabpoob.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me, kheej kheej, qhov ntau thiab tsawg - tsis ntau tshaj 2 cm. Ripe acorns liab, me ntsis xim av. Ripens los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, thawj xyoo yog lean. Steady fruitfulness - mus txog 20 xyoo. tsob ntoo yog Frost-resistant, calmly tiv taus cua muaj zog thiab kaj hnub ci.
Ntxim siab dawb oak tseeb
Cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm North America. Loj cog tau sau tseg hauv hav zoov nrog limestone nplua nuj av. Yooj yim tau nrog rau lwm hom oaks. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cheeb tsam tsis siab tshaj li ib kilometers saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Dawb oaks tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev hnyav heev. Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo neeg laus yog li 30 meters. Lub crown yog muaj zog, tsev pheebsuab-puab, tsim los ntawm sprawling ceg. Cov xim ntawm cov tawv ntoo yog grey. Cov ntoo qub yuav luag tsis tawg, tsis zoo li petiolate. Cov nplooj yog oval, loj (txog 22 cm), muaj txog li 9 lobes. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, lawv tig liab, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lawv tig ntsuab, ze rau lub caij ntuj no lawv yuav liab doog thiab poob tawm. Qhov ntev ntawm pob kws yog li 2.5 cm. Cov nplai ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav luag tsis npog, yog li lawv feem ntau poob ntawm tsob ntoo los ntawm cua daj cua dub.
piav qhia ntawm ntoo qhib ntoo loj
Cov ntoo no yog hom North American. Loj hlob mus txog 30 meters siab. Lub cev yog tuab, xim av xim av, tawg hnyav heev tom qab ob peb xyoos txij li lub sijhawm tshwm sim. Lub tsev pheeb suab zoo li lub kaus mom ua tiav los ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj zog.
Cov nplooj yog oblong, lobed, muaj xim ntsuab tsaus, ci nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab tom qab los nag. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tag nrho cov crown ntog, qee zaumnrog rau nyias ceg. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lub cheeb ntawm nplooj - 25 cm. Cov acorns loj, feem ntau ncav cuag ib tug ntev ntawm 5 cm. Oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, them los ntawm teev los ntawm ib tug thib peb. Loj-txiv ntoo ntoo sprouts ntawm qhov nruab nrab ceev. Noob yog heev noo-hlub thiab Frost-resistant. Vim li no, tus yug yog suav tias yog dai kom zoo nkauj.
Reserved Chestnut Oak
Dav dav faib hauv Armenia, Iran thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Caucasus. Cultivation tsis yog amenable. Feem ntau ntawm cov cog yog qus. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov ntoo no tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, yog li ntawd, lawv raug txwv nruj heev. Hauv Hirkansky Reserve, lawv tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Interestingly, lub txiv ntseej ntoo qhib yog sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom tsiaj qus loj hlob nyob rau hauv crests ntawm ridges. Photophilous heev, nruab nrab resistant rau Frost, tab sis tsis zam drought.
Thaum cov ntoo qhib tawg, tsob ntoo zoo li lub txiv ntseej loj, siab 30 meters. Lub cev yog me me thiab nyias, cov ceg yog sprawling. Loj chestnut-puab nplooj kuj tseem hais txog lub grandeur ntawm lub tsev pheebsuab-puab crown. Acorns swell mus txog 3 cm nyob rau hauv ntev.
Marsh ntoo qhib (pyramidal)
Cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Canada yog suav tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm tus tsiaj. tsob ntoo ncav cuag qhov siab txog li 25 meters. Lub crown zoo li lub pyramid nyob deb. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias lub cev xyaum ua ke nrog cov nplooj. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub bark ntawm swamp Oak yog kiag li ntsuab nrog ib tug admixture ntawm xim av. Cov nplooj yog nruab nrab, muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus txiav thiab cov hniav. Cov xim ntawm lub crown yog ntsuab, tab sis los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yuav liab doog. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog spherical, sessile, txog 1.5 cmhauv txoj kab uas hla. Oak noob nyiam dej, ib yam li cov ntoo paub tab. Rau ntxiv noo noo, lub hauv paus system mus tob rau hauv av. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus yug yog thaj chaw swampy. Pyramidal oak loj hlob sai, nrog ntev frosts nws tuag. Feem ntau cov tsiaj qus loj tuaj yeem pom ntawm ntug dej ntawm cov pas dej thiab cov pas dej.
Pedunculate thiab loj-txiv hmab txiv ntoo Oak seedlings yog heev xav tau ntawm noo noo thiab ntxhia nplua nuj ntawm cov av. Yog li ntawd, lawv sai sai tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dej nyab thiab tob hav zoov loams. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sow ntoo qhib seedlings nyob rau hauv podzol av. Nyob rau hauv xws li av, sprouts yuav tuag sai sai, raws li cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus nce foothold vim lub siab acidity ntawm humus. Nws yog ntshaw kom sow acorns nyob rau hauv lig Autumn. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum yog tshiab. Yog hais tias koj cia me ntsis ziab ntawm acorns, ces germination yuav txo ho. Cog qhov tob - los ntawm 5 mus rau 8 cm. Ua ntej cog ntoo qhib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov av yuav tsum tau fertilized thaum sowing. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv sprouts los ntawm kab tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog lawv nrog spruce ceg. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias (tsawg kawg +2 degrees).
Ntau tus tswv teb xav paub yuav ua li cas cog ntoo qhib yog tias lwm cov ntoo, vim muaj xwm txheej, tsis tsim cov acorns. Rau nws, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem yug me nyuam. Ntsuab cuttings yuav tsum tau rooted nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Nws yuav tsis yog superfluous siv tshwj xeeb heteroauxins ua chiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub tias kev txiav cov ntoo hluas tuaj yeem loj hlob sai thiab yooj yim dua cov laus (ntau dua 20 xyoo).
Oak pruning nta
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg tsob ntoo no nyiam saib xyuas, txawm tias lawv suav tias yog qus. Txoj kev pruning tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam rau kev tawm los. Oak yog tsob ntoo nrog monopodial branching. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab qia yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum kawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub neej. Hauv qhov no, sab saum toj tsis tuaj yeem txwv qhov siab. Nws yeej ib txwm dominates tus so ntawm tua. Pruning ntawm ceg yuav tsum tau ua txhua txhua ob peb xyoos. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los tshem tawm cov ceg ntoo yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav lossis lub caij ntuj no lig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov huab cua kub tsis qis dua -5 degrees. Txwv tsis pub, frostbite yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov ntsiab lus txiav. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov ceg no yuav qhuav mus rau hauv av. Yog muaj coob coob ces tag nrho tsob ntoo yuav tuag. Tsuas yog cov tua tshiab, kev loj hlob thiab cov kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
siv tau thiab tsis zoo ntawm ntoo qhib
Rau cov hom phiaj kho mob, cov tawv ntoo thiab cov ceg me ntawm tsob ntoo feem ntau siv, nrog rau cov pob kws, tsis tshua muaj nplooj. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntoo qhib ntoo muaj ntau cov resin, acids, qab zib thiab pectin. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj xws li cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov roj organic, cov protein, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov nplooj me muaj tannins, dyes thiab pentosans. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo yog tsim los ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov khoom antispasmodic ntawm ntoo qhib kuj paub zoo. Piv txwv li, ntoo bark zoo pab nrog colitis, plab hnyuv los ntshav, gastritis, kab mob ntawm tus po thiab daim siab. Oak tinctures nce lub hlwb thiab lub cevkev ua si, calm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb, txhim kho patency ntawm vascular system. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev npaj raws li cov nroj tsuag no yog contraindicated rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg mob uas cem quav, hemorrhoids, xeev siab, plab rwj.
siv cov peev txheej
Oaks feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab ua noj, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam teeb. Sawdust yog siv los ua corks thiab rooj tog. Ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nkoj nto, fortifications, tshuab tsim, chim siab. Cov laug cam tsis o, hlawv tsis zoo, muaj zog, tawv thiab ntom. Thaum oak tawm paj thiab acorns ripen, nws yog lub sij hawm rau cooks. Hauv North America, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo feem ntau ntxiv rau kas fes, khoom qab zib, thiab cov tais diav zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv Asia, acorns tau noj kib nrog txuj lom.
