Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab Lenin. Moscow Lenin Library

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Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab Lenin. Moscow Lenin Library
Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab Lenin. Moscow Lenin Library

Video: Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab Lenin. Moscow Lenin Library

Video: Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab Lenin. Moscow Lenin Library
Video: Rau Siab Kawm Ntawd Maiv Twm & Me Nyuam Kub (Tub Hmoov) New Song 2023-2024 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub Tsev Qiv Lenin Lavxias yog lub teb chaws phau ntawv tso nyiaj ntawm Lavxias Federation. Ntawm lwm yam, nws yog cov thawj coj tshawb fawb lub tsev kawm ntawv, methodological thiab advisory center ntawm lub teb chaws. Lenin Library yog nyob rau hauv Moscow. Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum no? Leej twg sawv ntawm nws lub hauv paus? Muaj pes tsawg phau ntawv khaws cia Moscow Lenin Library? Txog qhov no thiab ntau ntxiv tom qab hauv kab lus.

Lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv official lub vev xaib
Lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv official lub vev xaib

National Book Depository 1924 to present

Lub Lenin Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv (nws cov sijhawm qhib yuav muab hauv qab no) tau tsim los ntawm Rumyantsev Tsev khaws puav pheej. Txij li thaum xyoo 1932, phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau muab tso rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Republican. Thawj hnub ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, cov nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev haujlwm. Kwv yees li 700,000 phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj, uas tau muab khaws cia hauv Lenin Library, tau ntim thiab coj tawm. Nizhny Novgorod tau dhau los ua qhov chaw khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Gorky kuj muaj cov phau ntawv loj loj - qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam.

Chronology

Los ntawm Lub Xya HliNyob nruab nrab ntawm 1941 thiab Lub Peb Hlis 1942, Lenin Library tau xa ntau tshaj 500 tsab ntawv pauv mus rau ntau yam, feem ntau hais lus Askiv, lub teb chaws. Kev pom zoo tau txais los ntawm ntau lub xeev. Xyoo 1942, phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau tsim muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog 16 lub teb chaws thiab 189 lub koom haum. Qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws yog kev sib raug zoo nrog Asmeskas thiab Askiv.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub koom haum tau pib "passportization", uas tau ua tiav ua ntej kawg ntawm kev ua phem. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv txee thiab cov ntawv teev npe tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thiab coj mus rau hauv daim ntawv kom raug. Thawj chav nyeem ntawv ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau qhib rau xyoo 1942, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 24th. Xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1943, tau tsim ib chav haujlwm ntawm cov hluas thiab menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm 1944, Lenin Library tau xa rov qab cov nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig khiav tawm thaum pib ua tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Pawg Thawj Coj thiab Phau Ntawv Honour raug tsim.

lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab lenin yees duab
lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab lenin yees duab

Lub Ob Hlis 44, lub tuam tsev kho mob thiab kev tu cev tau tsim nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tso nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv nws, ib lub chaw tshawb fawb tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, cov teeb meem ntawm kev hloov cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg sib tw cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau raug daws. Lub active tsim ntawm cov nyiaj yog nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm kev nrhiav tau ntawm antiquarian ntiaj teb no thiab domestic ntaub ntawv. Lub Tsib Hlis 29, 1945, phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin rau nws txoj kev pab zoo rau kev khaws cia thiab sau cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab ua haujlwm rau pej xeem. Nrog rau qhov no, coob tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev haujlwm tau txais khoom plig thiab xaj.

Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj tom qab tsov rogxyoo

Los ntawm 1946, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Lub Plaub Hlis 18 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Lenin State Library tau los ua qhov chaw rau cov neeg nyeem lub rooj sib tham. Los ntawm xyoo tom ntej, 1947, ib txoj cai tau pom zoo tsim cov cai rau kev sau ib phau ntawv sau ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv loj depositories ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Txhawm rau ua tiav cov haujlwm no, pawg sab laj txheej txheem tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj. Nws suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau lub tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem (npe tom qab S altykov-Shchedrin, phau ntawv tso nyiaj ntawm Academy of Sciences, thiab lwm yam). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua ub no, kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus rau lub catalog ntawm Lavxias teb sab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 pib. Tsis tas li ntawd xyoo 1947, txoj siv sia siv thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob tau tsim los xa cov kev xav tau rau hauv phau ntawv khaws cia los ntawm chav nyeem ntawv thiab tsib caug-meter conveyor rau thauj cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

Lenin State Library
Lenin State Library

Txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub koom haum

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1952, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1953, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub dissolution ntawm lub Committee uas hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm ntawv, thiab tsim lub Ministry ntawm Culture nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR, lub Lenin Library tau pauv mus rau lub tshiab tsim department ntawm lub xeev cov thawj coj. Los ntawm 1955, lub cartography sector pib tshaj tawm thiab faib ib daim ntawv luam rau cov tuaj atlases thiab maps los ntawm kev cai lij choj deposit. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim pib caij nyoog thoob ntiaj teb tau rov ua dua tshiab.

Txij xyoo 1957 txog 1958, ntau chav nyeem tau qhib. Raws liNrog rau Kev Txiav Txim Siab Tshaj Tawm los ntawm Ministry of Culture, tau tsim tsa lub rooj sib tham hauv xyoo 1959, nws cov dej num suav nrog kev tshaj tawm cov rooj ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab kev faib cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum xyoo 1959-60, cov nyiaj pab cuam cuam tshuam nrog rau cov chaw tshawb fawb tau raug xa mus rau qhib nkag. Yog li, los ntawm nruab nrab-60s, ntau tshaj 20 chav nyeem ntawv nrog ntau tshaj 2300 lub rooj ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv tso nyiaj.

Lenin's Library
Lenin's Library

Kev ua tiav

Hauv xyoo 1973, Lenin Library tau txais Bulgaria qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws, Order of Dmitrov. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1975, kev ua koob tsheej ntawm tsib caug xyoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Rumyantsev pej xeem phau ntawv tso rau hauv ib lub teb chaws tau tshwm sim. Thaum ntxov 1992, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, 1993, lub department ntawm kos duab luam tawm yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm MABIS (Moscow Association of Art Book Depositories). Xyoo 1995, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv tau tsim qhov project "Memory of Russia". Los ntawm xyoo tom ntej, ib qhov project los hloov kho lub tsev kawm ntawv tau pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv 2001, lub tshiab Charter ntawm Phau Ntawv Depository tau pom zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tshiab tau nthuav tawm, uas hloov pauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv cov qauv tsev qiv ntawv.

Nyiaj ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj

thawj sau ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv yog sau los ntawm Rumyantsev. Nws suav nrog ntau dua 28 txhiab phau ntawv, 1000 daim duab qhia, 700 phau ntawv sau. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Thawj Txoj Cai tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj, nws tau hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas yog thiab yuav raug luam tawm hauvLavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Yog li, txij xyoo 1862, qhov kev tso nyiaj raug cai pib tuaj txog.

Tom qab ntawd, kev pub dawb thiab kev pub dawb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nyiaj ntxiv. Thaum pib ntawm 1917, lub tsev qiv ntawv khaws cia txog 1 lab 200 txhiab phau ntawv. Raws li lub ib hlis ntuj 1, 2013, lub ntim ntawm cov nyiaj yog twb 44 lab 800 txhiab luam. Qhov no suav nrog serials thiab periodicals, phau ntawv, ntawv sau, ntawv xov xwm archives, art publications (nrog rau reproductions), cov qauv luam tawm thaum ntxov, raws li zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog ib txwm siv. Lub tsev qiv ntawv Lavxias muaj npe tom qab Lenin muaj cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws hauv ntau dua 360 hom lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb, universal nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm typological thiab cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.

Moscow Lenin Library
Moscow Lenin Library

Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm

Lub Tsev Qiv Lenin (daim duab ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) yog lub tebchaws tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv, tsev qiv ntawv thiab phau ntawv. Cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev haujlwm tau koom nrog kev tsim kho, kev siv thiab kev tsim kho ntau yam haujlwm. Ntawm lawv yog "National Fund of Official Documents", "Sau, qhia thiab tiv thaiv phau ntawv monuments ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation", "Nco txog Russia" thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho theoretical, methodological foundations ntawm librarianship, kev npaj cov txheej txheem thiab kev cai lij choj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv science yog tas li tab tom ua. Lub tuam tsev tshawb fawb tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov databases, indexes, tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm, kev tshawb fawb thiab pab pawg, lub teb chaws,tswv yim xwm. Cov lus nug ntawm txoj kev xav, txheej txheem, keeb kwm, thev naus laus zis, lub koom haum thiab txheej txheem ntawm phau ntawv teev lus kuj raug tsim tawm ntawm no. Lub tsev qiv ntawv tsis tu ncua ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm phau kab lis kev cai.

Lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv Lavxias
Lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv Lavxias

Kev ntsuas kom nthuav dav cov haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj

Cov haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Nyeem Ntawv thiab Phau Ntawv suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv raws li cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txoj cai ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam tsev tau koom nrog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov ntsiab lus txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntawv luam thiab cov phau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, kev nthuav qhia cov lus pom zoo rau hauv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum, kev tsim cov kev pabcuam thiab cov haujlwm rau kev nthuav tawm cov nyiaj qiv qiv.. Nrog rau qhov no, kev ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tswv yim qhia txog txoj hauv kev rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev txuag cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev qiv ntawv, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov chaw khaws cia, cov txheej txheem thiab kev sab laj.

Modern Lenin Library

Lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub cov catalogues, cov kev pabcuam, cov xwm txheej thiab cov haujlwm. Qhov chaw qhib hnub Monday txog Friday thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 8 teev tsaus ntuj thiab hnub Saturday thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 7 teev tsaus ntuj. Hnub so - Sunday.

Lub tsev qiv ntawv niaj hnub no muaj chaw cob qhia rau kev kawm ntxiv thiab kawm tiav qib siab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kev ua ub no yog ua rauraws li daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Sib Tham rau kev saib xyuas hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub chaw, muaj ib tug kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv uas qhia cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntawm "book science", "bibliography" thiab "library science". Lub Dissertation Council ua haujlwm nyob rau tib qhov chaw, uas nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog kev muab khoom plig ntawm cov kev kawm qib siab ntawm Kws Kho Mob thiab Cov Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb. Lub tuam tsev no tau tso cai los lees txais kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm thiab keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb.

lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv qhib sijhawm
lenin lub tsev qiv ntawv qhib sijhawm

Recording rules

Cov chav nyeem ntawv (uas muaj 36 hauv phau ntawv tso nyiaj niaj hnub no) tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm txhua tus pej xeem - ob qho tib si ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab txawv teb chaws - thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim. Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug automated hom, uas yog muab rau ib tug muab daim pib yas rau cov neeg nyeem, qhov twg muaj ib tug tus kheej daim duab ntawm ib tug pej xeem. Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim npav qiv ntawv, koj yuav tsum nthuav tawm daim ntawv hla tebchaws nrog daim ntawv tso cai nyob (lossis sau npe ntawm qhov chaw nyob), rau cov tub ntxhais kawm - phau ntawv qib lossis tus tub kawm ntawv ID, rau cov kawm tiav - ib daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm.

chaw taws teeb thiab sau npe online

Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj qhov chaw nkag chaw nyob deb. Hauv qhov no, daim npav hluav taws xob hauv tsev qiv ntawv raug tsim. Rau kev sau npe, cov pej xeem txawv teb chaws yuav xav tau ib daim ntawv pov thawj lawv tus kheej, txhais ua lus Lavxias. Txhawm rau sau npe rau daim pib hluav taws xob, ib tus neeg yuav tsum xa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sau npe online muaj nyob. Nws muaj rau cov neeg sau npe ntawm lub xaib.cov nyeem. Kev sau npe online yog ua los ntawm Tus Kheej Tus Kheej.

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