Kev tshawb fawb ntawm botany yog qhov nthuav thiab zoo siab. Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas nyob hauv ntau tus neeg yog seb tsob ntoo puas loj hlob thiab yuav ua li cas. Cia peb kawm.
Ntse
Loj hlob tsob ntoo yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Lub neej voj voog ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj ntau theem:
- Zoo noob.
- Neeg germination.
- -rooting seedlings.
- Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo.
- Reproduction.
- Kev laus.
Tseem paub tias tsob ntoo yog tsob ntoo muaj sia nyob ntev, qee hom tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau pua xyoo.
Txoj kev loj hlob
Cia peb tham ntxiv txog tsob ntoo hlob li cas. Nyob rau txhua theem, rau kev loj hlob ib txwm muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov ntoo, ntau yam xwm txheej yuav tsum tau ntsib:
- Qhov muaj cov pa oxygen thiab dej, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov noob germination.
- Thaum cov noob tau cog, cov nroj tsuag xav tau lub teeb, qhov kub thiab txias. Tsob ntoo tau cov dej noo thiab cov khoom noj los ntawm cov av.
- Tib yam xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj rau theem kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim tawm.
- Lub sijhawm dhau mus, txhua lub cev muaj hnub nyoog. Hauv cov ntoo, cov txheej txheem notuaj yeem ceev cov kab kab thiab kab mob.
Moisture thiab as-ham woody nroj tsuag tau los ntawm cov av nrog kev pab los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis, cellulose, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab qab zib yog tsim nyob rau hauv nplooj, uas ua kom cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
txheej txheem loj hlob
tsob ntoo hlob dav thiab qhov siab. Qhov nce hauv txoj kab uas hla tshwm sim vim muaj txheej txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm tes, cambium, nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab ntoo. Nws nyob ntawm no tias kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab tshwm sim, thaum lub hlwb tsim nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cambium tsim cov tawv ntoo, ntawm sab hauv - ntoo.
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau cov tawv ntoo tawg thiab poob thaum ntoo hlob sai dua.
Cov hlwb tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm cov ceg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo. Lawv pib faib, nce nyob rau hauv tus lej, yog li cov ceg ua ntev thiab ntev, cov tua tshiab tshwm. Thaum cov hlwb poob lawv txoj haujlwm, tsob ntoo loj hlob qeeb.
Xav txog yuav ua li cas tsob ntoo loj hlob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej tias cov txheej txheem no tsis yog tsuas yog lub dav hlau xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov hauv paus hniav, uas, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, tuaj yeem txhim kho txhua xyoo puag ncig.
Speed
Raws li kev loj hlob, cov ntoo tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg, cov yam ntxwv uas tau nthuav tawm hauv lub rooj.
| pab pawg npe | Ntse | Examples |
| Kev loj hlob txog 200 cm ib xyoos | YWhite willow, acacia, warty birch, eucalyptus | |
| 100 cm ib xyoos | ||
| 50-60 cm ib xyoos | Hornbeam, sessile Oak, field maple, Caucasian fir | |
| Slow grow | 15-20cm, qee zaum me dua | Yew Berry, apple tree, pear, Siberian cedar Pine |
Feem ntau, qhov kev loj hlob siab yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo nrog lub neej luv luv.
Chaw
Xav txog qhov twg ntoo loj tuaj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm ib puag ncig:
- Nyob rau sab av loj thiab cov kob. Lawv tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm North thiab South Ncej, qhov twg permafrost reigns.
- Hauv dej ntiav, ntau zaus hauv dej tshiab, tsawg zaus hauv dej ntsev.
- Npuas ntoo muaj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm tundra.
- cov nroj tsuag coniferous (larches thiab spruces), nrog rau birches tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov-tundra.
- taiga yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo. Muaj pines, firs, spruces, aspens, alders, birches, larches.
- Npe muaj ntau nyob rau hauv hav zoov, coniferous, deciduous thiab sib tov.
- Lub vaj kaj siab tiag tiag rau cov ntoo ntoo - subtropics.
Peb pom tias thaj chaw faib ntoo yog dav heev.
Sizes
Pebntsia saib tsob ntoo hlob li cas. Tam sim no cia peb hais txog cov lus nug ntawm cov chav kawm twg, nyob ntawm qhov loj, sawv hauv cov nroj tsuag no:
- thawj qhov loj, lawv qhov loj dua 20 meters. Cov no yog spruce, larch, Scots ntoo thuv, nrog rau warty birch, ntoo qhib, beech, ib co ntau yam ntawm maples thiab poplars.
- Qhov thib ob, ntawm 10 txog 20 meters. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog Canadian spruce, Berry yew, hornbeam, pear.
- Thib peb, ntawm 5 txog 10 meters: roob tshauv, noog cherry, Siberian apple tree.
Muaj tiag tiag ntawm cov ntoo:
- Giant sequoia, lossis mahogany, feem ntau ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj 100 meters. Cov laus tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 3000 xyoo!
- Australia tus loj tshaj plaws eucalyptus ntawm 189 meters siab. Interestingly, tsis zoo li lwm cov ntoo, nws tsis tso nws nplooj, tab sis lub crown tag.
- baobab tuab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog baobab nrog lub cev txoj kab uas hla tshaj 50 meters.
Ntxim qab kawg, feem ntau ntawm cov loj loj txuas ntxiv mus.
Cultivated nroj tsuag
Cov neeg sawv cev ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau siv dav los ntawm cov txiv neej, cov ntoo txiv ntoo loj hlob hauv lub vaj, thaj chaw suburban, squares. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev nplua nuj sau qoob loo ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv apples, apricots, tib neeg ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov nroj tsuag: lawv pub lawv, dej, thiab tiv thaiv lawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Qhov no ua rau tsob ntoo muaj sia ntev.
Peb saib tsob ntoo loj hlob li cas, yam twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau txoj haujlwm no. Nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog tiag tiagzoo heev thiab ntau yam.
