Lub tshuab phom American M249 tau ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog txij li xyoo 1984. Xav paub ntxiv txog riam phom no yuav tham hauv kab lus.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub teeb tshuab rab phom yog thawj zaug tsim hauv Belgium los ntawm FN Herstal thiab hu ua FN Minimi. Cov neeg tsim qauv xav coj mus rau lub neej lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom tshuab nrog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj pub rau 5.56 × 45 hli caliber. Lub npe Minimi zoo kawg nkaus phim qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom no: nws yog lub teeb thiab elegant. Txog niaj hnub no, tus qauv no yog ib qho nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam.
Rau Asmeskas Tub Rog, tus qauv cim M249 SAW tau ua tiav. Peb tsab ntawv kawg tau muab txhais ua "pom", uas yog li cas lub cannon tau nicknamed nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov tub rog. Qhov tseeb, cov ntawv luv - Squad Automatic Weapon - stands for "platoon automatic weapon".
keeb kwm me ntsis
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, cov cartridges tau tshwm sim uas muaj zog tshaj plaws rau cov mos txwv phom, tab sis poob qis ntawm cov mos txwv phom. Lawv hu ua "intermediates". Ntau tus tsim qauv muaj kev txaus siab rau hom mos txwv no. Thiab, yog li ntawd, thawj cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom pib tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub tshuab rab phom Degtyarev (RPD-44) tau tsim, uas tau tsim ntxiv thiab.tau hloov pauv, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov los ntawm PKK.
Western design bureaus xav tib yam. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Heckler & Koch tsim HK21, hauv UK, L86 LSW, thiab hauv Belgium, Steyr AUG LMG. Qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub cannon chambered rau ib qho nruab nrab cartridge yog qhov ncaj ncees: qhov no yog lub sijhawm los nqa riam phom mus rau qhov sib xws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov qauv ntawm cov mos txwv, cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia lawv muaj.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej sib ntaus sib tua, cov khoom zoo li no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab hnyav siv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom raug txwv rau kev tsim cov phom tshuab hnyav rau kev sib ntaus sib tua missions. Cov tub rog qis qis (xws li kev txhawb nqa, muab khoom lossis kev txhawb nqa platoons) tseem muaj riam phom submachine, uas tsis tau tsim los ua cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tua ntev. Thiab cov chav no tsis tau nruab nrog rab phom tshuab vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog: nyiam tau muab rau cov qauv riam phom hnyav.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Belgians txiav txim siab tsis so ntawm lawv txoj kev vam meej thiab teeb tsa lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab rab phom rau cov tub rog qis dua nrog lub thoob sib hloov thiab siv txoj siv.
Asmeskas kev taw qhia
Ua tau zoo heev, xyoo 1970, Tsoomfwv Meskas tau tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau kev tsim lub platoon tsis siv neeg riam phom (SAW). Qhov kev txiav txim siab yog vim qhov ua tsis tiav thiab tsis yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm M14 hauv hav zoov ntawm Nyab Laj.
Kev tsim ntawm American tshuab rab phom M249 tsis tuaj tam sim ntawd. Tab sis lub tswv yim no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov tub rog ua rog uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam hauv nroog. Nws tau ntseeg tias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov chaw kaw, qhov hluav taws kub, tsis yog qhov tseeb, ua lub luag haujlwm loj dua. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Tebchaws Meskas tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub tshuab rab phom chambered rau 6 × 45 mm, tab sis tom qab kev tsov rog nyiaj txiag tau yuam lub tswv yim kom ncua.
xaiv nyuaj
Cov qauv xeem ntawm "Belgian" pib xyoo 1974. Thaum lub sijhawm, cov neeg sib tw rau lub npe ntawm SAW yog:
- an qib siab ntawm M16, cim XM106 - tau muab los ntawm US Marine Corps;
- qauv XM248 los ntawm Ford Aerospace Division, uas yog kev kho dua los ntawm Rodman lub chaw kuaj mob ntawm XM235 tshuab rab phom;
- XM262 qauv los ntawm Heckler-i-Koch (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees).
Muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias cov neeg Amelikas tau hloov mus rau cov qauv ntawm lawv tus kheej tsim, raws li kev xav txog kev hlub, tab sis vim yog qhov tseeb tias Belgian riam phom (FN FAL thiab FN MAG) tau nce hauv kev xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam (Thaum kev txaus siab rau cov qauv Asmeskas tau poob qis), muaj ntau thiab ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm European tshuab rab phom hauv tsoomfwv Meskas.
Belgian yeej
Vim li ntawd, qhov kev kub ntxhov tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau heev uas qhov kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg sib tw rau lub npe SAW tau ncua mus txog xyoo 1979. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, tus qauv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej FN Minimi tau dhau los ua ntau qhov kev hloov pauv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Asmeskas tub rog: ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog tau siv - ob qho tib si los ntawmsiv rab phom tshuab, thiab los ntawm lub thawv ntawv xov xwm.
"Rodman's Sample" muaj kev nyab xeeb tawm ntawm kev sib tw, txij li nrog txhua qhov kev hloov kho, tsis yog qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, tab sis cov lus qhia ntawm cov tub rog, uas tsis tas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau riam phom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev txhim kho tom qab ntawd tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov phiaj xwm los tsim ib lub tshuab rab phom American nkaus xwb.
Tab sis tus qauv los ntawm lub tuam txhab Heckler-and-Koch tau txais qhov chaw thib ob, tab sis hmoov tsis, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw, tsis muaj khoom plig.
FN Minimi tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus yeej thiab pib tsim tawm hauv cov xeev raws li M249 cim. Lub tshuab rab phom (daim duab hauv qab no) tseem ua haujlwm nrog US Army. Tab sis Marine Corps nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua tau txais ib tug version ntawm German tsis siv neeg phom loj los ntawm Heckler-thiab-Koch.
Ntse
M249 SAW lub teeb tshuab rab phom yog tsim nyob rau yav qab teb California. Vim muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas tau txheeb xyuas thaum sim hloov cov khoom rau cov cartridges ntawm lwm cov calibers, cov khoom loj tsuas yog tsim los ntawm qhov pib ntawm cuaj caum.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm Belgian thawj yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom serial. Yog tias Minimi yog tsim los ntawm ob lub pob tw thiab nrog ib qho chaw ruaj khov, ces American M249 SAW tshuab rab phom yog tsim nrog ib lub folding.
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm M249 tshuab rab phom yog muaj cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm lub thoob, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal. Folding bipods tau ntxiv rau qhov tsim, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tripod kuj tau muab. Muaj mounts rau mounting qhov pom, thiabkuj siv rab phom. Xws li cov khoom sib hloov tau, tsis muaj, tuav thiab pom, nrog rau cov khoom sib cais.
Tactical thiab technical yam ntxwv
M249 lub teeb tshuab rab phom hnyav tsuas yog 6.85 kg. Tag nrho qhov ntev yog 1040 hli, thaum lub thoob qhov ntev yog 465 hli.
Raws li tau hais los saum no, siv hom khoom noj hloov pauv tau:
- siv lub tshuab rab phom rau 100 lossis 200 rounds;
- 30 round magazine tsim raws li NATO Standardization Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo (STANAG).
Tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm cov khoom yog los ntawm 700 mus rau 1150 rounds ib feeb, thaum lub mos txwv raug rho tawm ntawm lub thoob loj hlob mus txog 975 meters ib ob. Kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov pom diopter yog muab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws firing range yog impressive heev - 3600 meters, thaum lub sij hawm pom qhov deb ntawm 600 mus rau 800 meters yog hais tias lub bipod yog nteg tawm. Qhov ntau yam yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev tua ntawm ib leeg lossis pab pawg lub hom phiaj, feem. Thaum tua los ntawm lub tripod, cov lej siab dua - los ntawm 800 mus rau 1000 meters rau tib lub laj thawj - nyob ntawm seb hom hom phiaj.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm M249 tshuab rab phom yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb - tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab txav ntawm npauj npaim valve.
kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog
M249 tau siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos, piv txwv li:
- Teb Chaws Asmeskas nthuav dav rau Panama xyoo 1989 txhawm rau kho kev tswj hwm kev ywj pheej thiab tiv thaiv cov pej xeem Asmeskas.
- Kev ua tsov rog muaj npe nrov hauv Persian Gulf los ntawm 1990 txog 1991.
- Bosnian teeb meem 1991-1995
- Kosovo teeb meem, pib los ntawm Albanians,thov kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Kosovo (1998-1999).
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Afghanistan, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm 2001 txog 2014.
- Lub sijhawm ua tub rog sib tsoo hauv Iraq thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2003 thiab Kaum Ob Hlis 2011.
- Tau kawg, cov tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Syria tawm tsam cov koom haum ua phem ISIS, uas tau pib xyoo 2011 thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no.
Kev Paub Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm
Muaj rab phom M249 tseem ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog, thiab tsis muaj kev npaj yuav tso tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam, ntau qhov "misfires" tau txheeb xyuas, uas qee tus cwj pwm tsis yog rau lub Hoobkas tsis xws luag, tab sis rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm tes.
Piv txwv li, rov qab rau xyoo 1970, qhov ua tsis tau zoo tshwm sim thaum kuaj, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem thaum lub thawv ntim khoom noj rau hauv chav tsev thaum khoom noj los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Lwm qhov - thaum siv M249 nyob rau hauv suab puam tej yam kev mob (Iraq thiab Afghanistan), yog qhov ua tsis tau sai ntawm riam phom phom vim overheating.
Ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj kev paub dhau los, muaj kev xav tias qhov teeb meem zoo li no tshwm sim rau cov neeg pib tshiab uas nyiam ua yeeb yam thiab tua ntev ntev los ntawm riam phom "zoo nkauj" no.
Cov tub ceev xwm laus nrog luag nyav nco txog "cov kws ua haujlwm" uas tau tswj hwm tua ob puas puag ncig ntawm lub thoob ib zaug thiab xav tias lawv tuaj yeem hloov lub thoob, siv ob peb daim kab xev ntxiv thiab muab lub thoob qub rov qab. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias muaj teeb meem kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj yuav tsum muaj kev tua, koj yuav tsum khaws cia rau ntau lub thoob rauM249 ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis raug xa tawm ntawm daim ntawv txais nyiaj rau txhua tus tub rog, lawv tsis raug faib raws li tus qauv nrog rau cov khoom siv qhuav thiab cov khaub ncaws hnav. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, koj yuav tsum tau disassemble lwm tus neeg lub tshuab rab phom thiaj li coj koj tus kheej mus rau qhov zoo.
teb chaws tsim khoom
Lub FN Minimi tshuab rab phom tau txais los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis yog tsim los ntawm daim ntawv tso cai (ntxiv rau Belgium), tsuas yog hauv Australia, Greece thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Ntxiv rau SAW version rau Asmeskas, muaj cov kev xaiv nrog lub thawv luv luv rau cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv tsis tuaj raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm M249 tshuab rab phom. Para yog raws nraim qhov cim rau Belgian FN Minimi.
teb chaws
Raws li ib feem ntawm "Cov Tub Rog ntawm Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej", cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev tau tsim ib qhov project rau RPK-16 tshuab rab phom. Lub hlwb tau nthuav tawm rau cov pej xeem raws li ib feem ntawm kev nthuav qhia "Tub Rog-2016". Cov khoom lag luam tau xeeb los ua cov lus teb tsim nyog rau Western "mastodons" xws li FN Minimi thiab Ultimax 100.
RPK-16 yog tsim los nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv pub rau caliber 5, 45 x 39 mm, muaj peev xwm siv cov cartridges los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm los ntawm AK-74 lossis RPK-74. Kev txhawj xeeb "Kalashnikov" tau tsim ib lub nruas rau 96 rounds tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom no. Lub hlwb tshiab ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv hauv tsev muaj txhua txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm FN Minimi los ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam.
Thiab nws tseem muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub thoob elongated, nrog rau kev tua ntawm RPK-16. Cov riam phom tshiab twb tau muaj lub npe menyuam yaus "machine gun-rifle" vim nws cov yam ntxwv. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb no uas tau npaj los sib tw nrogUltimax 100.
riam phom results
Technological kev vam meej tsis nyob twj ywm. Hom riam phom tshiab hloov cov qub qub, cov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws coj lawv qhov chaw ntawm lub rhawv ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej. Tej zaum RPK-16 yuav outshine ntiaj teb manufacturers nrog nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab ces M249 tshuab rab phom yuav pom nws lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej.
Cov riam phom tshiab tau tsim txhua hnub, thiab txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv, cov cuab yeej tshiab tau tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov riam phom no. Cov lus teb tsis ntev tom ntej - yuav muaj rab phom tshiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej no.
Kev tsov rog kuj tseem hloov pauv tas li, kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog tau dhau los ua nruj thiab tsis paub txog, yog li riam phom tshiab hloov mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov qauv riam phom uas xav tau tshaj plaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau xa tawm mus rau cov neeg siv khoom lub teb chaws xav tau. Feem ntau cov qauv yog yoog raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov chav nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog rooj plaub nrog FN Minimi, uas tau cim M249 SAW.
hom riam phom tshiab yog cov tswv yim rau kev siv hauv cov kab lis kev cai nrov. Tab sis lawv feem ntau ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug txog cov npe ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, qhov cim tsis raug ntawm M249 Para tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem pom hauv online game Warface. Qhov tseeb, tus qauv tsis yog M249, tab sis Belgian thawj - FN Minimi Para.
Cia txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos thiab kev tsov kev rog tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si, tab sis hauv lub neej tiag tiag, cia kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb!
