DS-39 tshuab rab phom (7.62 hli Degtyarev easel tshuab rab phom, qauv 1939): piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw tsim tshuaj paus

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Tej zaum txhua tus neeg paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj thiab txaus siab rau cov riam phom me me hauv Lavxias paub txog DS-39 rab phom tshuab. Tsim los ntawm tus tsim qauv paub txog Degtyarev, uas tau nthuav tawm RPD rau cov tub rog Lavxias, nws tau sawv hauv kev pabcuam rau lub sijhawm luv luv, txawm hais tias nws muaj qee yam zoo. Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog nws?

History of Creation

Kev sib tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim ib rab phom loj tshiab rau cov tub rog Lavxias tau pib rov qab rau xyoo 1928. Tsis xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias tsuas yog riam phom nyob rau hauv no niche yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo "Maxim". Txawm li cas los xij, vim cov dej txias txias thiab qhov hnyav hnyav, nws tsis tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no.

Tus kws tsim qauv nto moo Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm thiab thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1930 tau nthuav tawm cov kws tshaj lij nrog rab phom tshuab qauv. Zoo li txhua yam kev sim riam phom, nws muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas raug tshem tawm thiab ua kom zoo dua ntau xyoo - txog 1939. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov shortcomings tsis raug tshem tawm tag nrho,Kuv yuav tsum tau muab rab phom tshuab ua tsis tiav rau hauv kev tsim khoom, vim tias Nyiv yog saber-rattling nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab tus yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai tshaj, Thib Peb Reich, tau tsom nws cov rog nyob rau sab hnub poob.

Los ntawm 1939 txog 1941, ntau tshaj kaum txhiab lub tshuab tau tsim, uas yuav luag xa mus rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, riam phom tau siv thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Great Patriotic War.

Specifications

Rau cov neeg nyeem kom muaj lub tswv yim zoo ntawm cov riam phom no, nws tsim nyog muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom tshuab DS-39.

Nws tau tsim los raws li tus qauv rau nws lub sijhawm cartridge 7, 62 x 54 mm - tib yam li siv hauv rab phom tshuab "Maxim" thiab Mosin phom. Muaj zog heev, nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej yuav luag ib nrab xyoo dhau los.

rab phom tshuab nws tus kheej hnyav 14.3 kg. Tab sis nrog lub tshuab cuab yeej thiab daim thaiv npog, qhov hnyav tau mus txog 42.4 kilograms - ntau heev. Lub tshuab hnyav 11 kilograms, thiab daim ntaub thaiv npog - 7.7. Rau qhov no yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib lub thawv ntawv hnyav 9.4 kilograms. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob, Degtyarev tso tseg tus qauv tripod tshuab tsim los ntawm Kolesnikov, es tsis txhob tsim ib tug sib sib zog nqus analogue. Cov ntaub thaiv npog muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau lub tshuab rab phom. Nws tsuas muaj lub hom phiaj me me xwb, thiab tseem tau nruab nrog lub bracket tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj los nruab qhov pom kev pom.

Ua ke nrog rab phom tshuab, qhov ntev ntawm rab phom tshuab yog 1440 millimeters, thaum rab phom tshuab nws tus kheej muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1170 millimeters.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li tau hais los saum no, rab phom tshuab DS-39siv cov cartridges 7,62 x 54 mm. Ua ke nrog lub thoob ntev, qhov no muab lub hom phiaj loj, lub zog nkag siab siab.

Thawj qhov ceev ntawm cov mos txwv yog 860 meters ib ob. Thaum siv cov mos txwv lub teeb, rab phom tshuab ua rau nws tuaj yeem ntaus tus yeeb ncuab ntawm qhov deb txog li 2.4 mais. Yog tias siv lub mos txwv hnyav bimetallic, qhov kev ncua deb no nce mus txog 3 mais. Yog li qhov pom ntau yam ntawm DS-39 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - tsis yog txhua lub tshuab phom hnyav ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem khav tau cov yam ntxwv zoo li no.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws kub heev - ntau tshaj 300 rounds ib feeb.

Khoom noj khoom haus tau nqa los ntawm kev siv daim kab xev hlau rau 50 lub voj voog lossis daim kab xev rau 250. Cov ntaub nplaum hlau ua kom hnyav dua thiab tsis muaj zog. Tab sis thaum siv nws, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws ntawm cov cartridge thiab, vim li ntawd, kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev tua raug txo qis. Thiab thaum siv canvas, qhov no tshwm sim ntau zaus, yog tias ib lub tshuab rab phom yuav tsum tua yam tsis muaj tus lej thib ob los pub daim kab xev.

kev tsim txiaj tseem ceeb

Piav txog DS-39, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb uas rab phom tshuab muaj.

Tau kawg, ib qho tseem ceeb uas tau hais los saum toj no yog lub zog siab thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis yog dej txias, zoo li Maxim tshuab rab phom, tab sis niaj hnub - cua txias. Qhov no txo qhov hnyav thiab nce kev txav mus los. Yog lawm"Maxim" yog tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm Degtyarev tshuab rab phom, yog li kev sib piv yuav mus ntxiv nrog nws.

Kev rov ua kom yooj yim dua tau nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws. Yooj yim thiab yooj yim aiming nce lub peev xwm los ntaus lub hom phiaj txawm tias tsis yog cov neeg tua phom tshaj plaws. Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no thaum siv rab phom Maxim, nws siv sijhawm ntev los cob qhia cov phom tshuab.

Ntxiv yog qhov hnyav. Kev sib piv: tsuas yog 42 kilograms tawm tsam 64 kilograms ntawm "Maxim".

Lub tshuab tau tsim tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj tua ntawm lub hauv caug lossis pw. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj tias ua tau zoo heev hauv kev teeb tsa txoj haujlwm nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob.

Feem ntau, tus qauv tsim zoo ib yam li DP-27 lub teeb tshuab rab phom, uas tau paub zoo ntawm cov tub rog. Tau kawg, qhov zoo sib xws no kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov zoo, vim nws ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev paub txog riam phom tshiab.

Main flaws

Alas, txawm tias qhov zoo tseem ceeb, rab phom tshuab Degtyarev muaj ntau yam teeb meem loj. Ib ntawm lawv yog qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab. Txawm tias tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho.

Qhov nyuaj rau kev noj cov cartridge tsis muaj kev vam meej - cov cartridges lossis cov ntaub ntawv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Yog lawm, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua no yuav yog ib qho khoom kim heev - tus yeeb ncuab yuav tsis muab lub tshuab rab phom ob peb feeb kom ua siab ntev ua hauj lwm los nqa riam phom los npaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm kev sivLub tes tsho steel ntawm cov cartridges rau DS-39 tshuab rab phom. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, softer tooj dag rooj yog feem ntau siv. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav rau lub koob npe ntawm rab phom tshuab.

Thaum siv cov mos txwv hnyav, cov cartridge feem ntau tsuas yog tawg - muaj zog rov ua kom cov cartridges tom qab tawg. Qhov no kuj coj mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau disassemble lub tshuab rab phom.

Cov lus tawm tswv yim tsis zoo feem ntau los ntawm cov tub rog, tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv riam phom tsis tau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog muaj plua plav siab - rab phom tshuab tsuas yog wedged.

Yog vim li cas, txawm tias muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm cov riam phom tshiab, nws yeej tsis tau txais koob meej, tsis dhau los ua rab phom hnyav nkaus xwb ntawm Tub Rog Liab.

Ob hom hluav taws kub

Thaum tab tom tsim DS-39, tus tsim qauv Degtyarev tau muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm tua tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, tab sis kuj ntawm cov phiaj xwm huab cua. Yog, yog, rab phom tshuab no tuaj yeem siv tau los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau qis. Hom kev tua tshwj xeeb txawm tsim los rau qhov no.

Cov riam phom muaj ob hom - 600 puag ncig ib feeb thiab 1200. Cov hluav taws kub siab ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom puas lub hom phiaj nrawm. Txhawm rau nce tus nqi hluav taws kub, siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tshwj xeeb tsis siv, ntsia rau hauv lub ncoo recoil.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm ib hom mus rau lwm qhov tau ua tiav yooj yim thiab nrawm - tsuas yog tig lub kov ntawm lub tshuab tsis siv neeg nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub receiver.

Txhim lub thoob

Lub thoob kub dhau los ntawm kev tua ntev yog qhov teeb meem loj rau txhua lub tshuab rab phom, txij li Maxims ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th mus rau cov khoom niaj hnub tshaj plaws.

Nws tsis hla DC-39 ib yam. Tom qab 500 txhaj tshuaj, lub thoob tau kub heev, uas ua rau kom nthuav dav thiab txo qis hauv lub zog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj - cov mos txwv tsuas yog poob ntawm lub thoob, ya ob peb kaum ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tos lub thoob kom txias yog yooj yim tsis yooj yim sua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Yog li ntawd, tus tsim qauv muab rau qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov ceev ntawm lub thoob. Nws tau nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntoo kov kom tsis txhob hlawv. Ntxiv mus, nws tau siv lub tshuab rab phom uas paub txog ib nrab feeb los hloov lub thoob! Tau kawg, qhov no tau muab hluav taws xob ntau dua li siv ib lub thoob. Thaum lub chim thib ob tab tom ua cua sov, thawj tus twb txias lawm thiab tuaj yeem rov nruab dua.

Qhov twg rab phom tau tsim

Thawj cov qauv ntawm rab phom tshuab tuaj tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos hauv Kovrov. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm DS-39 hloov pauv. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1940, kev tsim khoom tau tsiv mus rau Tula.

Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov tshwm sim sai sai ntawm kev ua tsov rog ua rau qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm cov khoom raug ntes, ib feem puas. Thiab tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lawv tau txais kev cawmdim, khiav tawm thiab sib sau ua ke hauv qhov chaw tshiab. Tab sis kev tsim cov phom tshuab easel yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws qhov nyuaj, yog li txhawm rau muab cov tub rog nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv muaj zog, nws tau txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau qhov tsim cov phom tshuab Maxim dua, hmoov zoo, cov cuab yeej tsis raug puas tsuaj, tab sis. npaub. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, ntau ntawm cov hnyav no,Cov phom tshuab loj, tab sis muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha, uas ntau dua ib zaug ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tuav txoj haujlwm txawm tias muaj kev kub ntxhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm riam phom

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, riam phom tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom tsis tiav, nrog ntau qhov tsis txaus tsis tau tshem tawm tag nrho. Thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tsis muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom tiav nws thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1943, qhov teeb meem ntawm DC-39 tau rov qab los. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev taw qhia no yog tus kheej saib xyuas los ntawm I. V. Stalin, uas tau paub zoo txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj cov phom loj loj thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv cov tub rog.

Ib pawg tshwj xeeb tau sib sau ua ke los txiav txim siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg thawj coj tau xav txog heev. Tseeb, ntxiv rau DS-39, nws xav txog lwm yam kev xaiv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub tshuab rab phom los ntawm ib tug tsis paub designer Goryunov. Ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob, nws tau pom tias nws lub tshuab rab phom yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov lus piv txwv los ntawm cov npoj yaig venerable hauv yuav luag txhua yam: tsim kev ntseeg siab, muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov chaw, kev ntseeg siab.

Thaum ntsib tus kheej nrog Degtyarev, Stalin nug nws tias nws tus kheej xav li cas txog qhov no. Vasily Alekseevich, tsis muaj hesitation, hais tias Goryunov tshuab rab phom yuav ua rau kom muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pab tub rog, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kev nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau nws.

Yog li xaus txoj haujlwm luv thiab tsis ua tiav ntawm DC-39.

Siv los ntawm leej twg

Tau kawg, USSR tau dhau los ua tus neeg siv lub tshuab phom loj. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, 10 txhiab lub tshuab phom xa mus rau cov chav nyob tau ploj thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov lossis tawm mus.lub tsev. Lawv nyob hauv cov koom txoos tau ntev heev.

Tab sis thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav xyoo 1941, Finland tau ntes txog 200 lub tshuab phom, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thiab siv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog 145 rab phom tshuab tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov chaw khaws khoom tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob mus txog xyoo 1986, thaum kawg lawv raug tshem tawm.

Thaum kawg, ntau rab phom tshuab tau poob rau hauv tes ntawm Wehrmacht cov tub rog. Ntawm no lawv tau txais lub npe MG 218. Muaj tseeb, lawv tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, tab sis feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab tub ceev xwm units nyob rau hauv lub occupied territories.

Zoo kawg

Qhov no xaus peb tsab xov xwm. Tam sim no koj paub ntau ntxiv txog DS-39 tshuab rab phom. Peb txheeb xyuas nws keeb kwm, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab pib nkag siab qhov teeb meem no zoo dua.