Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tshuaj yej tau coj mus rau ib lub koog me me hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian, Sri Lanka, ces hu ua Ceylon, los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm Is Nrias teb. Thaum xub thawj, cov hav txwv yeem zoo heev tau loj hlob hauv lub vaj botanical, thiab tom qab ntau qhov kev sim, nws tau pom tseeb tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kob tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev cog tshuaj yej tsob ntoo zoo.
Sri Lanka - tshuaj yej Island
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias Suav tshuaj yej yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv toj siab, thiab Indian tshuaj yej yuav zoo siab rau thaj av ntawm cov kob. Pib nrog, 80 hectares ntawm thaj av tau cog, thiab niaj hnub no tshuaj yej plantations npog 200,000 hectares, thiab txhua xyoo sau ntau tshaj 300,000 tons ntawm nplooj nplooj.
Tam sim no, Sri Lanka yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tshuaj yej zoo. Txhua txhua xyoo tshiab aroma ntau yam tshwm sim, qhov zoo ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws theem. Cov dej haus tau raug xa tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab ua tib zoo tswj kev tsim khoom, ziab thiab ntim khoom kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tshaj siab zoo
Qhov chaw cog tshuaj yej cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam yav tom ntej. Lub saturation ntawm cov av nrog ntau yam microelements, theem ntawm dryness thiab humidity ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab huab cua, qhov siab, nyob ze cov nroj tsuag - tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam rau saj, xim thiab aroma ntawm nplooj.
Tea plantations yog nyob rau ntawm peb theem:
- mus txog 600 meters saum hiav txwv,
- ntawm 600 txog 1200 meters,
- siab tshaj 1200 meters.
Sri Lanka tsis cuam tshuam cov tshuaj yej ntau xyoo puag ncig.
Territorial division
Tshuaj yej cog muaj nyob hauv txhua thaj chaw ntawm cov kob: Uda Pussellava, Dambula, Kandy. Cov no yog tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Sri Lanka uas tsim cov tshuaj yej zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab Nuwara Eliya yog lub peev ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntau lawm. Ntawm no yog cov cog qoob loo siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nyob ntawm theem ntawm 2400 meters. Cov dej haus hauv zos tsis zoo li lwm tus - nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb aroma thiab xim. Txhua yam ntawm Ceylon tshuaj yej yog zoo nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev thiab muab cheerfulness, freshness, lub zog thiab nplua nuj, txawv saj. Cov cuab yeej siv ntau lawm ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais ntau yam saj thiab aroma yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.
Export
Sri Lanka yog thawj zaug ntawm cov teb chaws tsim khoom muag tshuaj yej txawv teb chaws thiab thib peb ntawm kev tsim khoom, suav txog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev noj. Cov nplooj tshuaj yej tso nyiaj rau 2/3 ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm. Ntawm cov pejxeem muajNws yog ib qho kev tso dag uas koj nrhiav tsis tau cov tshuaj yej zoo ntawm cov kob - tag nrho yog muag.
Sri Lankan cov khoom lag luam tau zoo tshaj plaws rau yuav luag ob puas xyoo. Lub bar tsis tau qis dua xyoo dhau los - tam sim no nws yog tus thawj coj lees paub hauv txhua tus yam ntxwv.
Tea Minister
Tea plantations tseem ceeb heev rau lub teb chaws kev lag luam uas Parliament txawm tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb Tea Council. Lub cev tswj hwm no tsis muaj cov analogues hauv ntiaj teb thiab koom nrog kev xaiv cov khoom, muag tshuaj yej txawv teb chaws, tshaj tawm thiab muag. Raws li kev thov ntawm tus neeg xa khoom, Tea Council ua cov ntawv pov thawj khoom. Yog hais tias ib tug tsov ntxhuav nrog ib rab ntaj yog kos rau ntawm pob, ces qhov zoo theem yog nyob rau saum.
Tea as an element of tourism
Txoj kev uas txhua tus neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau Sri Lanka yog cog tshuaj yej. Tom qab mus xyuas cov kob, cov neeg taug kev qhia cov duab ntawm thaj teb ntsuab uas muaj npe nrov Ceylon hav txwv yeem tau ntev ntev rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg paub.
Cov neeg ncig tebchaws tau qhia meej tias yuav mus xyuas cov chaw cog qoob loo uas cog qoob loo hauv ntiaj teb. Sri Lanka yog lub teb chaws uas tshuaj yej yog ib qho ntawm cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws. Nyob rau ntawm lub Hoobkas, cov neeg ncig tebchaws tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov khoom tsim, nrog rau tastings qhov twg koj tuaj yeem sim ntau yam, sib piv saj thiab aroma, thiab yuav ob peb teas koj nyiam rau koj tus kheej. Cov lus qhia nrov piav qhia tias thaum xaiv, koj yuav tsum paub tias cov khoom tau muab rau hauv ntau hom: cov kaus poom, cov hnab pov tseg, cov thawv, tab sis ntau zaus koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho cuav yog tias cov tshuaj yej tsis tau ntim rau hauv cov kob. Hauv Kandy, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem tuaj yeemmus saib qhov qub Tea Museum.
cog ua haujlwm
txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tshuaj yej pib nrog sau cov tub ntxhais hluas tua: sab saum toj ob nplooj thiab ib tug kaw bud. Kev sau rov qab txhua lub lim tiam thiab kav ib xyoos. Txoj haujlwm no suav hais tias yog poj niam nkaus xwb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab qhov no feem ntau yog tsev neeg txoj kev nyiam. Yuav kom tau ib kilogram tshuaj yej, koj yuav tsum sau plaub kilograms ntawm tshuaj yej nplooj.
Dub thiab ntsuab
Npauj npaim yog tib yam ntau yam. Ob qho tib si ntsuab thiab dub saib yog tsim los ntawm tib yam raw khoom. Qhov sib txawv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj yej. Dub - withered thiab fermented, thiab ntsuab - steamed los yog kib. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tau txais thawj qhov kev xaiv, tom qab ntawd tom qab sau cov nplooj sau koj yuav tsum tau wither. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ziab cov nplooj ntawv, qhov concentration ntawm cell sap nce nyob rau hauv lawv. Cov khoom yog qhuav los ntawm kis nws nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej ntawm racks qhov twg huab cua yuav circulate dawb do, tiv thaiv cov nplooj los ntawm rotting. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub withering txheej txheem muaj high humidity sab nraum, ces cov kiv cua kuj tseem qhib, thiab huab cua sov ua kom tiav ziab. Hauv 8-10 teev, daim ntawv withers, ua mos, tsis tawg thiab ntswj dawb do.
Twisting yog kauj ruam tom ntej hauv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau lub cellular qauv ntawm nplooj kom tawg, enzymes thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib tov. Fermentation thiab oxidation muab koj nyiam haus tsw thiabsaj. Lub degree ntawm nws lub zog yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj kev ntawm twisting - lub denser nws yog, lub zog cov tshuaj yej yuav. Rolled fermented nplooj raug xa mus rau racks rau ob peb teev kom saturated nrog oxygen, tau cov xim tsaus uas yog paub zoo rau txhua leej txhua tus, thiab kuj kis tau tus yam ntxwv astringency ntawm saj.
Tom qab fermentation, nplooj qhuav nrog cua kub. Thaum qhuav, lawv txo qhov loj ntawm ib lub hlis twg thiab tuaj yeem ua kom tsaus ntau dua. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov tshuaj yej semi-tiav khoom, muaj cov tshuaj yej nplooj, sib txawv ntawm qhov loj thiab zoo. Ua kom cov tshuaj yej homogeneous, nws yog sieved, tau txais xws li pawg xws li loj-nplooj, tawg, raws li zoo raws li tshuaj yej crumbs. Cov pab pawg no txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsos.
Tom qab kev txheeb xyuas, cov khoom raug ntsuas, ntim thiab xa mus muag. Sri Lanka feem ntau tsim cov tshuaj yej dub ntau yam ntawm cov kev cai brewing. Ceylon raug xa mus rau 150 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb.
Tus nqi ntawm cov dej qab zib
Tshuaj yej tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau lub tebchaws txij li nws tau nthuav tawm hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub paj hlwb, tuaj yeem ua suab nrov lossis ua kom txias, zoo siab thiab quench nqhis dej. Cov tshuaj yej zoo yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv ntim ntim - khob los yog tin tau, thiab cais los ntawm cov txuj lom thiab lwm yam muaj zog. -smelling tshuaj, vim hais tias cov nplooj nqus cov ntxhiab txawv teb chaws, uas theem lawv zoo.
Tea culture
Rau brewing txuj ci tseem ceebhaus koj yuav tsum tau noj cov dej nrog cov ntsiab lus qis tshaj ntawm cov zaub mov thiab ntsev. Cov nplooj yog ntim nrog dej uas nyuam qhuav mus txog lub boiling point. Boiling dej rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yuav tshem tawm oxygen, yog li cov aroma thiab saj ntawm tiag tiag tshuaj yej tsis qhia. Lub kettle thiab khob yuav tsum tau rhuab kom zoo. Thaum brewing, koj yuav tsum tau noj cov nplooj ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib tug teaspoon rau ib tug neeg. Cov tshuaj yej yog infused rau tsib feeb thiab ces do nyob rau hauv lub teapot nrog ib diav.
kub tiag
Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, kev cog qoob loo ntawm kas fes ntawm cog qoob loo ntawm Sri Lanka tau hloov los ntawm Khab thiab Suav tshuaj yej, thiab ua tsaug rau huab cua thiab thaj chaw, kev saib xyuas zoo thiab ua tiav cov nplooj tiav, nws tau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws. hauv ntiaj teb no. Cov khoom plig loj heev los ntawm cov tshuaj yej cog tau tawg thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom feem ntau lees paub tias yog thawj qhov chaw. Tshuaj yej cog yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam nyiam ntawm Ceylon, thiab tshuaj yej yog kub ntawm cov kob.
