Lub tsev qiv ntawv twg yog rau: keeb kwm, hom thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Ib qho amazing creation ntawm tib neeg yog ib phau ntawv, thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm txhua lub teb chaws. Likhachev Dmitry Sergeevich ib zaug tau hais kom raug tias yog tias phau ntawv tso nyiaj tau raug teeb tsa zoo, ces kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem hloov kho tiag tiag, txawm tias cov tsev kawm ntawv ploj mus. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus neeg nkag siab tias lub tsev qiv ntawv yog dab tsi rau.

Nyob hauv tsev qiv ntawv

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov tsev qiv ntawv yog repositories ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab tom qab ancient sij hawm lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv lub zej zog cov chaw uas yuav tsum tau nrov kev paub. Russia pom lawv thawj zaug qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries.

Hnub no yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov phau ntawv sib txawv ntawm qhov xav tau ua haujlwm, kawm thiab txaus siab xwb. Yog li cov tsev qiv ntawv yog dab tsi?

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso nyiaj hauv phau ntawv yog los npaj kev sau, khaws cia, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab lwm yam luam tawm. Thaum pib, cov tsev qiv ntawv xav tau rau kev kawm tus kheej thiab nrhiav kev paub. Txhua leej txhua tus xav tau lawv: preschoolers, schoolchildren,cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov nyiaj laus thiab cov kws tshawb fawb.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias tib neeg lub hlwb tuaj yeem tuav cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua li Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Congress of America. Txawm li cas los xij, noob neej tseem tsis tau kawm txog kev siv tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb, thiab yog li ntawd phau ntawv khaws cia yuav tsis ploj mus thiab yuav xav tau. Tam sim no sawv daws paub tias lub tsev qiv ntawv yog dab tsi rau.

Lub Tsev Qiv Siab

Txawm tias thaum ub los, lub npe hu ua tsev qiv ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv Asia. Hauv Nippur, ib qho kev sau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum (2500 BC) tau pom, uas yog hu ua phau ntawv qub txeeg qub teg. Me ntsis tom qab, papyri tau pom nyob rau hauv tus vaj ntxwv lub pyramid.

In the fourth century B. C. hauv Hercules qhib thawj lub tsev qiv ntawv qhib ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo BC. nrhiav tau lub Alexandria Phau Ntawv Depository, uas yog deservedly suav hais tias yog ib tug colossal chaw ntawm ancient phau ntawv. Lub tsev qiv ntawv suav nrog astro-observatories, lub vaj ntawm botany thiab zoology, chav nyob thiab nyeem phau ntawv. Thiab me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov mus rau hauv ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas muaj cov tsiaj txhu, cov mlom, cov khoom siv tshuaj, nrog rau cov hnub qub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li cov tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sanctuaries. Cov tsev qiv ntawv puas xav tau? Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, xws li ib lo lus nug tsis tau nug. Tib neeg txawj sau lawv tej kev txawj ntse kom dhau mus rau tiam tom ntej.

Cov ntawv sau muaj txiaj ntsig

Nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, kev cob qhia rau kev luam cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias lub tsev qiv ntawv monastic. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv lub Koom Txoos feem ntau tau luam tawm. Manuscript production yogtxheej txheem nyuaj heev thiab siv sijhawm, thiab yog li ntawd cov phau ntawv tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Yog vim li ntawd lawv thiaj raug chained nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb vaults.

Thaum lub tsev tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim, lub neej ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv hloov pauv ntau, vim lawv tsis ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Cov nyiaj ntawm phau ntawv tso nyiaj pib loj hlob sai heev. Lawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm sib ntxiv rau kev nyeem ntawv tau pib. Txawm hais tias peb xav tau cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv xyoo pua 21st yog qhov nyuaj los teb. Ntau tus nyiam tshaj tawm digital, tab sis tsis muaj phau ntawv tiag, lawv yuav tsis muaj nyob ib leeg.

Type of libraries

Libraries tuaj yeem yog:

• teb chaws;
• regional;
• public;
• special;
• rau qhov dig muag;
• university;
• school;
• tsev neeg.

Nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib seb txhua lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo li cas rau.

National Reading Rooms yog tsim los khaws thiab lav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tsoomfwv cov ntawv luam tawm. Txhawm rau muab cov peev txheej ntxiv, qee lub tebchaws ua raws li cov cai yuav tsum tau ua.

Regional Library - kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv saum toj no, uas tsim nyog rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov ntawv tso nyiaj no kuj muaj txhua txoj cai kom tau txais cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua.

Nyob hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem, cov neeg siv muaj cai los sab laj txog cov tshiab tshaj plawsthiab cov ntaub ntawv nrov. Cov tsev qiv ntawv puas tsim nyog hauv Hnub Nyoog Digital? Lo lus nug no tau nug ntau zaus. Tab sis tsuas yog ua tsaug rau cov tsev qiv ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntawv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Special Book Depositories

Cov tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb khaws cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb xws li patents, tsoomfwv cov qauv, lossis cov ntawv tshaj tawm suab paj nruag. Feem ntau cov chav nyeem ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm kev xav tau khaws cov phau ntawv raws li qee yam xwm txheej.

Lub Tsev Qiv rau Qhov Muag Pom Kev tso cai rau cov neeg dig muag thiab cov neeg tsis pom kev nyeem ntawv nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no, cov phau ntawv audio thiab cov phau ntawv uas tau sau rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tau muab khaws cia. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv rau Cov Neeg Tsis Pom Kev yog suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia, vim hais tias ntxiv rau cov phau ntawv nws muaj peb-dimensional qauv, ua tsaug rau cov neeg dig muag tuaj yeem paub txog cov tsos ntawm ntau yam khoom.

Phau ntawv yog kev paub

Cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv muab cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv peculiarity yog tias lawv pab cov neeg siv ntawm lub voj voog nqaim. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov chav nyeem ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj kev nkag tau dawb. Cov tsev qiv ntawv puas muaj yav tom ntej? Lo lus nug no tau nug rau cov tub ntxhais kawm niaj hnub no. Feem ntau hais tias tsis yog - lawv nyiam cov phau ntawv digital thiab audiobooks.

Tsis ntev tas los no, ib puag ncig tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv tsev qiv ntawv - lub tsev qiv ntawv virtual. Txhua tus neeg siv, muaj kev nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem, muaj peev xwm rub tawm ib phau ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tawm kev tshuaj xyuas hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov phau ntawv hluav taws xob tso nyiaj. Tab sis cov laus nyiamPhau ntawv "nyob".

Structured libraries

Nyob hauv phau ntawv tso nyiaj, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ob daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, tus nyeem ntawv yuav ib tug subscription. Ua tsaug rau qhov pass no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib tsab ntawv siv rau lub sijhawm teev tseg. Lwm hom kev pabcuam yog chav nyeem ntawv: ntawm no tus neeg siv tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv xav tau tshwj xeeb hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv.

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm chav nyeem ntawv yog cov qauv ntawm cov nyiaj. Ib feem ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg nyeem, feem ntau muaj kev ywj pheej, qhov twg cov neeg tuaj saib muaj lub sijhawm los paub txog lawv tus kheej tam sim ntawd. Tag nrho lwm cov ntawv luam tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub hnab ntim khoom thiab tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv los ntawm kev xaiv los ntawm phau ntawv teev npe.

Cov ntawv qub uas tsis tshua muaj, nrog rau cov phau ntawv uas khaws cia zais cia ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb, tsuas yog muab daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb.

Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov tsev qiv ntawv txawb uas pab txhawb kev nkag mus rau cov neeg los ntawm cov chaw nyob deb mus rau cov phau ntawv, nrog rau Internet. Daim ntawv no yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tsis taus, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv tsev laus.

Hnub no, cov tsev qiv ntawv tau hloov kho tshiab, thiab lawv cov nyiaj tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntawv luam tawm xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv microfilms, pob tshab, cov ntaub ntawv hauv xov tooj cua. Tsis yog ib lub tsev qiv ntawv tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lub khoos phis tawj, thiab yog li nws yuav xav tau tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg laus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv niaj hnub thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Tam sim no koj paub vim li casCov tsev qiv ntawv xav tau thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem faib nrog.