Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos Duab ntawm Kaliningrad: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad) muaj ntau cov khoom qub keeb kwm, qhov twg Prussian keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog Soviet thiab niaj hnub. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, ntau ceg tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem paub txog kev sib tsoo, kev ua tiav thiab qhov tseeb uas muaj tag nrho ntawm lub neej keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam.

History

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos duab (Kaliningrad) tau tsim los ua ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov lus hauv zos hauv tib lub xyoo raws li tag nrho cheeb tsam Kaliningrad. Rau ob xyoos tom ntej no, nws tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug decree ntawm nws lub koom haum, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau muab khaws cia nyob rau hauv txawv chav ntawm lub nroog - tsis muaj lub tsev tsim nyog rau lub exposition. Txij li xyoo 1949, thaj chaw ntawm txoj kev. Bohdan Khmelnitsky tau los ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej rau 22 xyoo. Lub koom haum ua haujlwm 16 tus neeg ua haujlwm uas, los ntawm tsib xyoos ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tau qhib thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia mus tas li, uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiabCov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad.

Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau dhau los ua cov nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws, uas ua rau nws ua tau rau xyoo 1968 los qhib lub koom haum thematic "Dugout". Qhov kev nthuav qhia rov tsim dua qhov xwm txheej uas qhov kev tso siab ntawm German units tau nyob hauv Königsberg fortress tau kos npe. Tom ntej no ceg - "Lub Command Post ntawm 43rd Army" - tau qhib nyob rau hauv 1969 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Kholmogorovka.

Lub tsev tshiab rau lub tsev cia puav pheej

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv nroog (Kaliningrad) tau tsiv mus rau qhov chaw tshiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1972. Ib xyoos tom qab, qhov nthuav dav (800 sq. m.) tau qhib, uas tau txais cov qhua tas li rau 18 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tsim ib lub tuam tsev kos duab thiab Amber Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau qhib rau xyoo 1979. Ob lub ceg tshiab kuj tau qhib - Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Kristijonas Donelaitis thiab Fort No. 5 memorial, hnub no nws yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab cov cuab yeej ua tsov rog.

Ntau tus ceg ntoo qhib, ua haujlwm ua haujlwm kom ua tiav qhov kev nthuav tawm thiab qhib lub chaw haujlwm tshiab tau tso cai rau lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hauv zos hloov nws txoj cai. Txij li thaum xyoo 1977, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais lub npe tshiab - Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad). Xyoo 1984, "Sculpture Park" tau qhib los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, nws thaj chaw muaj 12 hectares ntawm cov kob ntawm Kneiphof.

Kev sib koom ua ke

Lub Kaliningrad Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos duab hauv xyoo 1988 tau rov ua dua nrog ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntuj hu ua"Nature Museum of the Curonian Spit", tam sim no cov ceg yog ib feem ntawm National Natural Arboretum "Curonian Spit". Xyoo 1993, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej tau pib qhib cov ceg txuas ntxiv - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Lub Nroog Sovetsk, uas tam sim no yog ib lub nroog.

Txij li xyoo 1990, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau dhau los ua ib lub koom haum nrog lub npe nrov - "Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History thiab Art thiab nws cov ceg." Lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog nyob rau hauv lub qub Stadthalle concert Hall, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1912. Lub koom haum suav nrog:

• Head Museum.
• Museum of K. Donelaitis.
• Dugout Memorial.
• Memorial "Command post ntawm 43rd Army".
• Sculpture Park.

Txhawm rau ntxiv cov nyiaj, cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, koom tes nrog archaeological expeditions. Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad) - T. A. Alexandrova ua haujlwm ntau rau kev vam meej ntxiv ntawm lub tsev haujlwm.

Collections

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos duab hauv cheeb tsam tau khaws cov khoom pov thawj rau xya caum xyoo. Thawj cov khoom pov thawj uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov nyiaj yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad, pom los ntawm kev khawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological, ib qho kev nthuav qhia cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau nteg los ntawm cov khoom sau los ntawm Kaliningrad Amber Combine. Qee yam khoom muaj nqis tau coj los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, feem ntau lawv tau koom nrog lub sijhawm ua ntej tsov rog.

Hnub no hauv cov nyiajLub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau dua 140 txhiab khoom. Kev sau ntau tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thiab cov duab, tag nrho cov khoom yog 78,000 yam khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Koenigsberg, kev txhim kho ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad, cov xwm txheej ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

Ntau tshaj 22 txhiab cov khoom pov thawj tau khaws cia hauv ntu archaeological ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Cov khoom no yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo thiab yog ib xyoos ib zaug ntxiv nrog cov khoom tshiab muab los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb uas yog ib feem ntawm kev mus ncig thoob plaws cheeb tsam. Nws muaj ntau dua 12 txhiab cov khoom pov thawj uas qhia txog lub neej tom qab tsov rog, zam lub sijhawm ntawd, cov khoom lag luam, nrog rau cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm thawj cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov neeg nto moo hauv cheeb tsam.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem muaj cov khoom sau tsis zoo (kwv yees li 12 txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj), ua haujlwm zoo nkauj (6 txhiab daim ntawv luam), ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau thematic "Hoffmannian", cov khoom lag luam amber, sau ua haujlwm hauv ntau hom kev kawm. los ntawm Kaliningrad sau ntawv. Lub ntuj science ib feem ntawm kev sau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug loj sau ntawm taxidermy exhibits, ntau yam herbariums, thiab ib tug sau ntawm minerals.

Cov kev sau ntawv thematic tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb. Cov khoom tau txais qub txeeg qub teg los ntawm Königsberg Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Paleontology, lub archaeological sau tau khaws cia los ntawm Prussia Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tus kws sau keeb kwm xav paub txog txoj hmoo thiab keeb kwm ntawm txhua tus neeg nthuav tawm thiabmuseum lawv tus kheej.

Tours

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm thiab kos duab caw cov neeg tuaj saib rau tsib lub tsev uas qhov chaw ua yeeb yam mus tas li nyob:

• Hall of nature. Muaj ob peb dioramas nyob rau hauv lub tsev, recreating tus yam ntxwv toj roob hauv pes ntawm cheeb tsam. Cov sawv ntsug tso saib cov zaub mov, cov tsiaj txhu muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam, cov qauv muaj paj.
• Hall of archaeology. Nov yog cov khoom pov thawj uas hais txog keeb kwm los ntawm lub sijhawm qub - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Bronze Age mus rau lub sijhawm Teutonic Order hauv Prussia. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov chav no yog cov khoom ntawm ib zaug loj Prussian Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau suav hais tias ploj. Pom lawv nyob rau hauv lub cuaj caum.
• Hall of regional history. Kev nthuav tawm yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, rooj tog zaum, riam phom thiab npog lub sijhawm los ntawm Teutonic ntxeem tau ntawm Prussia mus rau 1945.
• Lub tsev ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Ntawm no yog sau cov pov thawj ntawm kev ua tub rog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm thaj av los ntawm fascist invaders.
• Horizons of Memory Hall. Cov sawv ntsug tso saib cov khoom cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad los ntawm thawj cov neeg nyob hauv, cov khoom lag luam amber, tsim cov khoom lag luam los ntawm thawj cov lag luam hauv cheeb tsam, thiab rhuav tshem cov monuments rau Lenin.

Kev mus ncig ua si rau cov menyuam yaus muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam mus tas li los pab cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txoj kev npaj muaj 14 excursions thiab lectures. Rau cov menyuam yaus, lub club "Cov tub ntxhais hluas keeb kwm hauv zos" tau teeb tsa, qhov twg txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm uas tuaj koom tsawg kawg plaub qhov kev qhuab qhia tau txais daim diploma.

Excursions in KOIHM ceg

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej kos duab caw koj kom paub txog cov lus nthuav tawm ntawm cov ceg:

• Tsev khaws puav pheej "Bunker". Lub exposition yog nyob rau hauv ob chav. Qhov tseem ceeb yog mob siab rau lub cua daj cua dub ntawm Königsberg fortress txij lub Plaub Hlis 6 txog 9, 1945. Ntxiv rau qhov sawv ntsug nrog cov ntaub ntawv, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi muaj tsib lub dioramas uas rov tsim lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev tso siab ntawm German lus txib. Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev mus ncig yog ntxiv los ntawm plaub lub ntsiab lus.
• Museum "Fort №5". Lub keeb kwm thiab memorial complex tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1878 thiab muaj lub npe thib ob - "King Friedrich Wilhelm III". Cov qauv tiv thaiv yog ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv complex ntawm Koenigsberg. Lub fortress tau siv thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ob qho tib si thaum tsov rog nrog Napoleon thiab hauv Great Patriotic War. Kev ncig ua si tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau sab hauv, paub txog cov cuab yeej ua tub rog thiab ntau yam kev ua tub rog keeb kwm.
• "Sculpture Park". Nws nyob ntawm Central Island, qhov chaw sculptures koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntsiab lus "Tus txiv neej thiab lub ntiaj teb" tau sau thoob plaws hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog peb caug ua hauj lwm. Ntxiv nrog rau cov duab puab, lub tiaj ua si muaj cov dendrological sau ntawm 1030 flora specimens, uas suav nrog ntoo, tsob ntoo, thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub nrog cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb cog los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, Mexico, Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
• "Royal Castle". Tam sim no, kev mus ncig ua si tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij sov los ntawm kev thov ua ntej. Tag nrho cov complexyog ib lub tsev fuabtais ua rau xyoo 1255 uas muaj nqi keeb kwm zoo heev. Nws tau raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm British air raids nyob rau hauv 1944. Niaj hnub no, kev khawb av tau ua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam, vim tias muaj ntau qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig nrog keeb kwm thiab kos duab muaj txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim.
• Museum "Command post of the 43rd Army". Nws nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qub Fuchsberg vaj tse. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej kaw ib ntus rau tam sim no.
• Kristijonas Donelaitis Tsev khaws puav pheej. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab nthuav tawm tau mob siab rau rau tus kws sau paj huam Lithuanian ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas tau tso tseg cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab suab paj nruag nplua nuj thiab tau ua ntau yam rau cov neeg. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub complex, cov neeg tuaj xyuas tau paub txog lub tsev teev ntuj Lutheran rov qab, lub tsev pastoral. Qhov kev nthuav qhia muaj ntau tshaj 200 cov khoom pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub neej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws sau paj huam.
• "Kant lub tsev", lossis, lub npe hu ua, "Lub tsev ntawm tus xibhwb ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm Yudtschen, XVIII - XIX centuries." Cov khoom txuas nrog lub neej ntawm Immanuel Kant. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, lub tswv yim ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab tau raug coj los siv, kev nthuav qhia haiv neeg thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau raug tsim, qhia txog ib puag ncig uas ib tus neeg xav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm noob neej loj hlob, tsim thiab ua haujlwm.

Vim sijhawm

Rau lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas nws txoj kev hlub tseem ceeb yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad). Lub sij hawm ntawm excursions nyob rau hauv lub taub hau exhibition center thiab ceg yog raws li nram no: los ntawm 10:00 rau 18:00, daim pib chaw ua hauj lwmkaw thaum 17:00, hnub so - txhua hnub Monday. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhia txog ib hnub (Hnub Wednesday) ntawm kev tuaj yeem nkag tau thaum tsis muaj nqi nkag rau qee pawg ntawm cov pej xeem (cov menyuam xiam oob qhab, menyuam ntsuag nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce qib, cov qub tub rog ntawm Great Patriotic War, thiab lwm yam).

Exhibitions

Tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov ceg tshiab xwb, kev sau keeb kwm tsis tshua muaj thiab kev kawm ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Ntau cov xwm txheej kab lis kev cai npog tag nrho ntawm Kaliningrad. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab tuav cov rooj nthuav qhia thiab cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua. Cov menyuam yaus kev ua yeeb yam thaum sawv ntxov, kev lom zem zoo heev, kev nthuav qhia paleontological tau npaj rau lub caij ntuj no so.

Rau cov neeg laus, KOIHM kuj tau npaj ntau yam nthuav dav, piv txwv li, kev nthuav qhia "Tsov Rog Tshaj Tawm. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau lub Great yeej ", canvases los ntawm ib tug private collection raws li ib feem ntawm exhibition "Nature Sleeps nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no pw tsaug zog …", concert "Christmas Fantasy". Txhua tus neeg tuaj saib yuav txaus siab rau cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav thiab zoo nkauj "Tsiaj ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los" hauv 3D hom.

Reviews

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog nrov hauv Kaliningrad, cov khoom pov thawj muaj npe nrov hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo qhia txog cov khoom nplua nuj sau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab hais txog cov kev ncig ua si nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev loj thiab hauv cov ceg ntoo. Ntau tus neeg tuaj xyuas qhia tias yuav tsum siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm phau ntawv qhia kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm txhua qhov kev nthuav qhia, kom nkag siab txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom.

Cov lus teb tsis zoo tau hais rauqee qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis tshua muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub ntsiab nthuav tawm. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad), chaw nyob: Clinical street, tsev 21 - tos rau cov qhua tshiab.