Ebony yog lub npe dav dav, nws txhais tau hais tias cov ntoo ntoo nrog cov ntoo dub. Cov ntoo uas feem ntau hu ua dub yog tsob ntoo ebony, uas loj hlob hauv Africa (Zaire, Nigeria, Cameroon) thiab Ceylon (Sri Lanka, India).
keeb kwm keeb kwm
Ebony hu ua txawv: mugembe, ebony tsob ntoo, "ntoo ntawm suab paj nruag", mpingo, "zebra tree". Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, tib neeg tau siv cov tawv ntoo, nplooj thiab ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo ebony, ntaus nqi tej yam yees siv rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm vaj ntxwv Tutankhamun, cov khoom ntoo dub tau pom. Cov khoom tseem ceeb no tau coj mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws los ntawm East Africa. Nws tau ntseeg tias riam phom, cov khoom siv uas yog tsob ntoo ebony, tuaj yeem tua cov dab phem thiab dab. Amulets cim kev ua siab loj, ua siab loj ntawm lawv tus tswv, thiab, raws li kev ntseeg nrov, coj lub zog thiab dexterity.
African pab pawg siv ebony los ua charcoal, vim hais tias nws cov ntoo muaj txawv txawv hardness thiab zoo tshav kub dissipation.
Ebony cov khoom lag luam feem ntau tau hais txog cov khoom muaj yees. Piv txwv li, ebony thawv tau npaj raukhaws cov khoom siv khawv koob kom khaws tau lawv qhov zoo.
Khoom thiab yam ntxwv
tsob ntoo ebony muaj lub cev muaj zog, ncav cuag ntau tshaj li ib 'meter' inch. Qhov siab yog hais txog 10 meters. Nws loj hlob qeeb heev, vim tias nws muaj qhov ntom ntom, 2 zaug siab dua qhov ntom ntawm ntoo qhib. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo kom ncav cuag kev lag luam loj.
Ebony bark tsis muaj nqi thiab yog li siv tsuas yog hauv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob African. Cov ntoo yog hearty, ruaj heev (qhov ceev yog 900-1000 kg / m 3. Ceylon ebony muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom.
Nrog qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo, cov qauv tseem nyob ruaj khov. Cov tub ntxhais muaj xim xim av chocolate, feem ntau nrog lilac lossis lub teeb liab doog. Lub sapwood yog tsawg ntom, yellowish nyob rau hauv cov xim. Ntoo yog yooj yim rau polish thiab tig. Ntoo dub tsis raug rotting thiab puas los ntawm kab (txawm omnivorous termites bypass nws).
Ebony nplooj yog tawv, loj, evergreen, tab sis muaj tsawg zaus tuaj yeem poob thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav.
Txhua hom chaw sov muaj ntoo uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tab sis qee hom kuj tseem muaj xim hlau.
Ebony tseem ceeb roj yog qhov teeb meem heev kom tau txais. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov naj hoom vim nws ntxiv qhov tob thiabhais txog cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig cov tshuaj tsw qab.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm workpiece
Kev ziab ebony yog qhov phem. Thaum sau ntoo, txoj kev ua ntej ziab yog siv. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias txog ob xyoos ua ntej txiav, tshwj xeeb ncig notches yog ua nyob rau hauv lub cev, qhov no nres kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ziab sai heev, cov ntoo tom qab txiav yog nruj nreem npog los ntawm lub hnub thiab cov ntawv sau thiab qhov kawg tau ua tiav (txiv qaub lossis lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws yog tsim rau lub hom phiaj no).
"Music" tsob ntoo
Vim nws qhov ntom ntom thiab dej-tiv taus cov khoom, ebony tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv suab paj nruag siab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov rau cov cuab yeej cua xws li flute, clarinet, oboe. Tsis tas li ntawd, ebony ntoo yog siv los ua piano tuav, fretboards thiab fingerboards rau guitars thiab violins. Lub caj dab ntawm lub guitar, rau kev tsim khoom uas siv ebony, hloov qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kws ua yeeb yam. Qhov zoo-polished ebony guitar plhaub tsis tsim echoes yog tias tus xaiv dheev dhia tawm ntawm cov hlua. Cov fretboards tsis hnav tawm thiab tuav cov frets zoo kawg nkaus.
Kuj, ntoo ebony tuaj yeem siv los qhwv cov pianos loj thiab cov pianos ncaj uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo thuv zoo.
Furniture making
Ebony ntoo tau siv rau inlay thiab veneer txij li xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv 1733 tus nqi ntshuamntoo raug txo qis, vim nws tau pib siv thoob plaws.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, stylization rau cov kab lis kev cai xws li Roman, Greek, Egyptian tau ua zam. Lub sijhawm no, cov rooj zaum curule, uas tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo ebony, pib muaj koob meej. Outwardly graceful thiab weightless, qhov tseeb, lawv muaj zog thiab hnyav.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov nrov ntawm cov rooj tog khoom kim heev uas ua los ntawm ebony pib nrog lub sijhawm ntawm Peter the Great, thiab txij li xyoo pua 18th, mahogany pib siv ntau zaus.
Hnub no, ebony yog siv rau cov rooj tog kho kom zoo nkauj, nrog rau kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Rau cov khoom kim heev hauv qab, cov khoom ntoo yog ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hlau kim.
Sliced ebony veneer yog siv los ua kom tiav thiab inlaid rooj tog, suab paj nruag.
Sab hauv thiab khoom plig
Ebony ntoo, vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam: figurines, riam tuav, souvenirs.
Tus kws tshaj lij ebony carvers yog cov neeg Makonde. Lawv ua sculptures txawv tshaj plaw los ntawm ebony. Kev ua haujlwm siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hauv lawv qhov kev ntxhib los mos: ua tib zoo polished cov ntsiab lus thiab carved yam tsis ua.
Hnub no, tus nqi ntawm ebony kuj siab, cov khoom tseem ceeb no yog siv los ua: chess, backgammon, canes, thawv rau cawv, cigars, décor ntsiab, duab thav ntawvthiab paintings, hniav tuav thiab lwm yam.
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj
tsob ntoo dub muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev saj tart (qhov no yog vim muaj cov tannin nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg). Txawm li cas los xij, nws ploj thaum khov thiab thaum khaws cia. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, cov nplooj ebony thiab nws cov paj uas muaj calorie ntau tau noj. Syrups, compotes thiab ntau lwm yam tais diav tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm lawv. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem noj nyoos lossis qhuav.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ebony, nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob, tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv. Oriental persimmon, piv txwv li, muaj berries txog li 10 cm inch.
Nyob zoo
Europeans nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog tau ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv lub rejuvenating zog ntawm lub elixir ntawm tincture ntawm bark, core, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab paj ntawm ebony. Nws kuj tau ntseeg tias cov khoom siv ebony tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom.
Cov neeg nyob hauv Mozambique thiab txog niaj hnub no ebony yog siv los ua cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Tinctures yog siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais, tawv ntoo, nplooj thiab paj. Kev nqus pa ntawm kev kho cov pa luam yeeb yog siv rau malaria, migraine, bronchitis. Tshuaj raws li cov cag ntoo yog siv los kho mob plab.
Qee yam ntawm ebony
Moon ebony tsis zoo li lwm hom ebony, vim nws cov ntoo muaj cov qauv txawv txawv uas tsim cov kab txaij txawv txawv. Cov xim ntoo tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm tsaus rau lub teeb daj thiabdawb. Ntxiv mus, ua ntej lub saw txiav ntawm tsob ntoo, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub cov xim ntawm ntoo tsuas yog los ntawm nws cov tsos. Cov hom no yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, nws tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov uas tsis muaj zog Philippines. Tsuas yog cov ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog mus txog 400 xyoo los yog ntau dua yog raug txiav.
Madagascar ebony loj hlob, raws li lub npe qhia, ntawm cov kob ntawm Madagascar, thiab hauv Seychelles. Anthracite dub ntoo nrog cov xim hlau sheen thaum txiav tshiab.
Ceylon ebony yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom kim tshaj plaws ntawm ebony. Loj hlob hauv Malaysia, Indonesia, Ceylon. Ntoo xim - tsaus xim av.
Cameroonian ebony yog qhov sib sib zog nqus dub nrog qee qhov grey streaks. Qhov ntau yam ntawm ebony. Tus nqi qis dua lwm hom vim qhov qhib qhov hws ntawm ntoo.
Macassar ebony hlob hauv Indonesia. Nws sapwood yog daj-dawb, lub siab dub muaj ib tug yam ntxwv qauv ntawm brownish kab txaij.
Vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntoo thiab xav tau ntau ntxiv, nrog rau qhov tseeb tias ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo yuav tsum dhau mus ua ntej mus txog lub hnub nyoog muag khoom, ebony tau dhau los ua tsawg zuj zus. Ebony tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab txij li xyoo 1994.
khoom kim heev ua los ntawm cov ntoo ebony zoo tshaj plaws yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab kim.
