Natalya Goncharova - artist: biography thiab yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Natalia Goncharova yog tus kws kos duab paub daws teeb uas sawv cev tsis tshua muaj poj niam avant-garde kos duab. Nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm yog ib qho kev xav txog qhov kev xav ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws cov duab niaj hnub no muaj nqis heev, thiab muaj ib zaug nws raug tsim txom thiab thuam rau nws qhov kev pom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Childhood thiab keeb kwm

Natalya Goncharova yug rau lub Rau Hli 4, 1881 hauv lub zos ntawm Ladyzhino, Tula cheeb tsam, ntawm nws pog tus vaj tse, uas nyob ze ntawm Yasnaya Polyana. Raws li nws txiv, Natalia rov qab mus rau tsev neeg Goncharov, los ntawm qhov chaw Pushkin tus poj niam, lub npe ntawm tus kws kos duab Natalya Goncharova, los ntawm. Lawv cov caj ces los ntawm cov tub lag luam Afanasy Abramovich, tus tsim ntawm lub Hoobkas linen hauv cheeb tsam Kaluga. Natalia tus pog los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm tus naas ej lej P. Chebyshev.

Tus txiv ntawm tus kws kos duab Sergei Mikhailovich yog tus kws kos duab, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Moscow Art Nouveau. Niam Ekaterina Ilyinichna yog tus ntxhais ntawm Moscow tus xibfwb ntawm Theological Academy. Me nyuam ntxhaissiv rau ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam hauv lub xeev, thiab qhov no mus ib txhis instilled nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev hlub ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog. Kev sib cuag nrog pej xeem kos duab tau ua ib qho cim ntawm nws txoj kev xav hauv ntiaj teb, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb uas cov kws tshaj lij kos duab piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum tus ntxhais muaj 10 xyoo, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow.

Study

Thaum tuaj txog hauv Moscow, Natalia Goncharova, tus kws kos duab yav tom ntej, nkag mus rau hauv cov poj niam gymnasium, uas nws kawm tiav xyoo 1898 nrog ib qho khoom plig. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus hluas nkauj muaj ib tug undoubted inclination rau kev kos duab, nws tsis xav txog tiag tiag lub peev xwm los ua ib tug artist nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm gymnasium, nws nrhiav nws tus kheej, sim ua haujlwm hauv tshuaj, sim mus kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tab sis txhua yam no tsis txaus siab rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 1900, nws tau nyiam heev nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws nkag mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cov duab puab ntawm S. Volnukhin thiab P. Trubetskoy.

Kev kawm tau zoo rau nws, xyoo 1904 nws txawm tau txais ib qho khoom plig me me rau nws txoj haujlwm, tab sis tsis ntev nws tawm mus kawm ntawv. Xyoo 1903, nws tau mus ncig ua lag luam muaj tswv yim mus rau Crimea thiab Tiraspol, qhov chaw nws khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm kev kos duab rau kev ua liaj ua teb exhibition, thiab kuj tau pleev xim rau sketches thiab watercolors nyob rau hauv ib tug impressionistic yam.

Artist Mikhail Larionov tau qhia nws kom tsis txhob nkim sijhawm rau duab puab thiab kos duab: "Qhib koj ob lub qhov muag rau koj ob lub qhov muag. Koj muaj txuj ci rau xim, thiab koj nyob hauv daim ntawv, "nws hais. Lub rooj sib tham nrog Larionov hloov nws lub neej thiab kev xav, nws pib sau ntau thiab nrhiav nws tus kheej style.

Hauv xyoo 1904, Goncharova rov qab mus rau nws txoj kev kawm, tab sis tsiv mus rau lub studio painting ntawm K. Korovin. Tus ntxhais tsis tau tso tseg cov duab puab thiab hauv 1907 nws tau txais lwm yam khoom plig. Xyoo 1909, Natalia thaum kawg txiav txim siab tso tseg nws txoj kev kawm, xav txog lwm qhov qab ntug ua ntej nws.

Rayism

Ua ke nrog Mikhail Larionov, Natalya Goncharova, tus kws kos duab uas nws biography yog tam sim no mus ib txhis nrog kev kos duab tshiab, thaum ntxov xyoo 1910 dhau los ua tus tsim ntawm avant-garde txav hauv kev kos duab - Rayonism. Cov qauv no hu ua kom rov qab mus rau thawj qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab qub Lavxias. Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog qhov kev sib dhos ntawm cov lus dab neeg, suab paj nruag qhib nkag mus rau lub cim xeeb keeb kwm ntawm ib tus neeg thiab ua kom muaj kev xav zoo nkauj.

Ib tug neeg, raws li Goncharova thiab Larionov, perceives lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug txheej ntawm intersecting rays, thiab artist lub luag hauj lwm yog los qhia lub zeem muag no nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xim kab. Goncharova cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov tau ci ntsa iab thiab nthuav tawm. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm Rayonism, tab sis kuj nrhiav embody tag nrho cov tswv yim tshiab uas kab lis kev cai abounded nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd.

Creative biography

Txij li xyoo 1906, Natalia Goncharova, tus kws kos duab uas nws cov duab tuaj yeem pom tam sim no hauv cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, pib sau ntau heev. Kev mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Fauvists thiab P. Gauguin, ua rau nws txav deb ntawm kev xav thiab tig nws lub qhov muag mus rau cov tiam tshiab. Ib tug neeg txawj ntse sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv primitivism ("Xaiv lub Canvas", 1910), cubism ("Portrait of M. Larionov", 1913),abstraction.

Ntau tom qab, cov neeg thuam kev kos duab yuav hais tias qhov kev cuam tshuam no tsis tso cai rau nws los txhim kho lub zog ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog heev tsim thiab nquag. Los ntawm 1908 txog 1911 nws tau muab cov kev kawm ntiag tug nyob rau hauv lub studio kos duab ntawm tus neeg pleev kob I. Mashkov. Natalya kuj rov qab mus rau kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua: nws pleev xim duab rau phab ntsa, kos cov tsev friezes. Tus kws kos duab koom nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Futurist Society, koom tes nrog V. Khlebnikov thiab A. Kruchenykh.

Xyoo 1913, Goncharova tau ua yeeb yaj kiab sim "Tus Poj Niam hauv Futurist Cabaret No. 13", daim kab xev tsis tau khaws cia. Lub tsuas muaj sia nyob thav duab qhia liab qab Goncharova nyob rau hauv caj npab ntawm M. Larionov. Xyoo 1914, nws rov tuaj xyuas Paris tom qab kev caw ntawm S. Diaghilev. Xyoo 1915, tus kws kos duab tau ntsib teeb meem loj censorship. Xyoo 1916, nws tau txais kev pom zoo los pleev xim rau pawg ntseeg hauv Bessarabia, tab sis kev tsov rog tiv thaiv cov phiaj xwm no.

Exhibition activity

Hauv xyoo 1910, Goncharova tau nthuav tawm ntau, koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv zej zog. Nyob rau hauv 1911, ua ke nrog M. Larionov, nws npaj lub exhibition "Jack ntawm Diamonds", nyob rau hauv 1912 - "Donkey's Tail", "Salon ntawm lub Golden Fleece", "Lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kos duab", "Lub hom phiaj", "No. 4".. Tus kws kos duab yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Munich Blue Rider Society. Goncharova nquag txhawb nqa ntau yam kev ua thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ua ke nrog cov futurists, nws taug kev ncig St. Petersburg nrog lub ntsej muag pleev xim, ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab. Yuav luag tag nrho cov xwm txheej no, suav nrog kev nthuav qhia, tau xaus rau kev thuam thiab kev sib twpolice.

Hauv xyoo 1914, kev nthuav qhia tus kheej loj ntawm Goncharova cov haujlwm tau tshwm sim, 762 canvases tau nthuav tawm ntawm no. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev thuam: ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev liam ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev thuam rau pej xeem nyiam.

Yog vim li cas rau qhov ntau dhau ntawm avant-garde cov xwm txheej feem ntau yog Natalya Goncharova, tus kws kos duab uas nws qhov kev nthuav qhia ua haujlwm kawg tau tuav hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo 1915. Tom qab ntawd, Russia tsis tau pom ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus thawj kws kos duab no.

Censorship thiab txwv

Nyob rau xyoo 1910, ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Zoo Nkauj Dawb, Natalia Goncharova, tus kws kos duab uas nws txoj haujlwm tau lees paub tias yog kev tsis ncaj ncees ntau dua ib zaug, qhia ntau daim duab nrog cov poj niam liab qab ntawm Paleolithic Venus. Cov hauj lwm raug ntes nyob rau hauv nqi ntawm cov duab liab qab, uas tsis yog ib txwm rau Tsarist Russia ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thaum tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab tsis raug censorship. Tom qab lwm qhov kev txaj muag, Natalya txiv tau sau tsab ntawv qhib rau cov ntawv xov xwm, uas nws thuam cov neeg thuam vim tsis pom lub neej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim hauv nws tus ntxhais txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1912, ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia nto moo "Donkey's Tail" Natalya Goncharova, tus kws kos duab nrog lub koob npe nrov ua tus kws kos duab avant-garde, nthuav tawm lub voj voog ntawm 4 daim duab "Evangelists". Txoj haujlwm no ua rau npau taws rau cov censors nrog nws qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv 1914, 22 tej hauj lwm raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub artist tus kheej exhibition, tom qab uas cov censors txawm mus rau lub tsev hais plaub, liam Goncharova ntawm blasphemy tawm tsam thaj chaw. Lawv sawv ntsug rau nwsntau tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd: I. Tolstoy, M. Dobuzhinsky, N. Wrangel. Ua tsaug rau tus kws lij choj M. Khodasevich, rooj plaub tau yeej, thiab kev txiav npluav raug tshem tawm. Goncharova yws rau nws cov phooj ywg tias lawv tsis to taub nws, tias nws tau tsav los ntawm kev ntseeg tiag tiag hauv Vajtswv.

Goncharova - illustrator

Natalia Goncharova yog tus kws kos duab uas sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau hom kev tshwm sim. Nws kev phooj ywg nrog Futurists coj nws mus rau hauv phau ntawv duab. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nws tsim cov phau ntawv los ntawm A. Kruchenykh thiab V. Khlebnikov "Mirskonets", "Game in Hell". Nyob rau hauv 1913 - ua hauj lwm ntawm A. Kruchenykh "Blown up", "Lub Hermits. Hermits" thiab sau "Kaum ntawm Judges No. 2" ntawm phau ntawv K. Bolshakov. Goncharova yog ib qho ntawm thawj phau ntawv duab kos duab hauv Tebchaws Europe siv cov txheej txheem collage. Hauv qee qhov ntawm nws cov haujlwm, nws ua haujlwm sib npaug nrog cov kws sau ntawv.

Piv txwv li, phau ntawv los ntawm A. Kruchenykh "Ob Paj Huam" muaj 14 daim duab kos rau ntawm xya nplooj, uas tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau tib yam li cov lus. Tom qab ntawd, twb nyob txawv teb chaws lawm, N. Goncharova tau tsim cov duab kos rau Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw rau lub tsev tshaj tawm German thiab rau Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tsar S altan.

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Xyoo 1915, Natalya Sergeevna Goncharova (avant-garde artist), ua ke nrog nws tus khub hauv lub neej M. Larionov, tawm mus rau Paris ua haujlwm nrog Sergei Diaghilev Theatre. Lub kiv puag ncig tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau Russia. Lawv nyob hauv Latin Quarter ntawm Paris, qhov twg tag nrho cov xim ntawm Lavxias teb sab emigration tau mus xyuas.

Nyob Fab Kis teb, ob niam txiv organically koom nrog lub voj voog ntawm bohemia hauv zos. Hluascov neeg tau teeb tsa kev siab hlub pob rau cov neeg pleev kob uas xav tau. Goncharova-Larionov lub tsev feem ntau tau mus xyuas Nikolai Gumilyov, tom qab ntawd los ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva, uas tau los ua phooj ywg nrog Natalya Sergeevna.

Goncharova tau ua haujlwm hnyav heev thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev yuam kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia nws tsis tau ntsib qhov muaj tswv yim tawg zoo li hauv 10s. Txawm hais tias nws lub voj voog "Peacocks", "Magnolias", "Prickly Flowers" hais txog nws ua tus neeg paub tab thiab tsim cov neeg pleev kob.

ua yeeb yam

Natalia Goncharova yog tus kws kos duab uas nws ua yeeb yam tau dhau los ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Nws ua hauj lwm nrog A. Tairov ntawm lub Chamber Theatre ntawm zus tau tej cov "Ntxuam". Txoj haujlwm no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm V. Meyerhold. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub 10s, nws pib koom tes nrog S. Diaghilev, tsim productions nyob rau hauv nws Lavxias teb sab Seasons. Nyob rau hauv Paris, nws ua hauj lwm nrog ballets Lub Firebird, Spain, Lub tshoob. Goncharova tseem koom tes nrog cov ua yeeb yam no txawm tias tom qab kev tuag ntawm impresario.

ua haujlwm zoo tshaj

Tseem tsis muaj ntau tus poj niam ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ua tiav. Ib tug ntawm cov poj niam tshwj xeeb yog Natalia Goncharova. Tus kws kos duab, uas nws "Spanish Flu" tau muag rau ntau dua £ 6 lab, tau tso tseg txoj kev nplua nuj. Nws cov hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom ntiag tug hauv ntiaj teb. Cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws muaj xws li: "Ntxuav lub canvas", "Picking apples", series "Spanish flu", "Phoenix", "Forest", "Airplane over the train". Natalya Goncharova yog poj niam artist nrog tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm paintings. Nws txoj haujlwm "Picking Apples" (1909) tau muag rau yuav luag 5 labphaus sterling.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Natalya Goncharova yog tus kws kos duab uas nws tus kheej lub neej cuam tshuam nrog nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo. Thaum tseem nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau ntsib Mikhail Larionov, thiab txuas nws txoj hmoo nrog nws rau lub neej. Lawv yog cov neeg muaj siab nyiam, phooj ywg, cov neeg nyob ze heev. Txawm tias thaum nyob hauv Paris Larionov nyiam Alexandra Tomilina, nkawm niam txiv nyob ua ke. Nyob rau hauv 1955, lawv tau sau npe kev sib yuav, txawm hais tias Larionov txuas ntxiv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Tomilina. Txhua leej txhua tus nyob hauv tib lub tsev, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev sib txawv. Thiab ib zaug, sib tsoo ntawm cov ntaiv nrog cov laus, tsis muaj zog tus poj niam ntawm nws tus hlub, Tomilina thawb Natalya Sergeevna. Lub caij nplooj zeeg no maj nrawm rau Goncharova txoj kev tuag. Lub Kaum Hli 17, 1962, tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias tau tawm hauv ntiaj teb. Nws raug faus rau hauv Parisian Ivry toj ntxas.