Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich: yees duab thiab biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse

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Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich: yees duab thiab biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse
Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich: yees duab thiab biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse

Video: Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich: yees duab thiab biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse

Video: Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich: yees duab thiab biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse
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Thaum lub sijhawm Soviet Union, ib tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws yog Nikitin Nikolai Vasilyevich. Cov qauv uas tau tsim raws li nws cov qauv tsim tau lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Txog qhov kev tsim kho vaj tse tau ua raws li kev coj ua ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev no, nrog rau cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej, nyeem hauv kab lus.

Nikitin Nikolai yug hauv lub nroog hu ua Tobolsk, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1907, uas yog lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15th. Nws txiv thawj zaug ua tus kws luam ntawv, thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nws pib ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais plaub. Ob peb xyoos tom qab yug ntawm Nikolai, nws tsev neeg tau hloov chaw nyob. Nimno nws yog lub nroog Ishim. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1911. Ntawm no, yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab kawm tiav los ntawm ob qib thawj ntawm gymnasium rau cov tub hluas thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv pawg ntseeg.

Nikolai Nikitin yees duab
Nikolai Nikitin yees duab

Thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog Kolchak, tsev neeg Nikitin tau tsiv mus rau lub nroog Nikolaevsk, uas tam sim no hu ua Novosibirsk. Qhov tseeb nthuav: thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, ib tug tub hluas raug tus nab tom ntawm txhais ceg, thiab cov kab raug tso tseg.tus kws kes duab vajtse tas nws lub neej.

Study

Xyoo 1930, Nikolai Nikitin kawm tiav nrog kev qhuas los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv Tomsk. Nws kawm nyob rau Department of Architecture, uas yog ib feem ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Civil Engineering. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej los ua tus kws kos duab txawj ntse, muaj peev xwm tsim cov haujlwm qub. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntawm no, txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev suav cov pob zeb ua vaj tse rau cov nroj tsuag metallurgical hauv Kuznetsk tau tsim.

pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Thaum Nikolai Nikitin kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum, nws tau raug xaiv los ua ib tus kws kos duab hauv Novosibirsk. Lub tsev 4-zaj tsev dormitory yog Nikitin thawj qhov project. Nws kuj tau los ua thawj tus qauv hauv USSR tsim los ntawm precast pob zeb. Interestingly, qhov no tsis yog tib lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm Nikitin. Nws thawj zaug siv cov hlua hlau los tuav cov qauv ntauwd hauv Ostankino TV ntauwd project. Txhawm rau tsim ib lub thav duab ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim nws tus kheej tsim cov pob zeb txhawb nqa thiab kab teeb.

Nikitin Nikolai Vasilyevich kws kes duab vajtse
Nikitin Nikolai Vasilyevich kws kes duab vajtse

Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Boris Gordeev, ib pawg ntawm cov kws tsim qauv tsim qauv tsim cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1930, tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Vasilyevich Nikitin tau ua hauj lwm rau ib tug project rau ib tug arched qauv siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ib tug ntaus pob ncaws pob qws hu ua Dynamo. Arches ua los ntawm cov laug cam thiab plywood ua lub qab nthab hauv chav ua si, qhov ntev ntawm 22.5.meters. Txawm hais tias qhov loj me, qhov tsim tau zoo heev. Nws tau nruab manually los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem rau architectural universities, ib tug yuav nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub arched qauv ntawm Nikitin.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1930 txog 1932, tus kws tsim qauv tau koom nrog kev tsim cov haujlwm rau ntau qhov chaw nyob, piv txwv li, "Lub Tsev Hauv Tsev" lossis "Lub Tsev ntawm Cov Neeg Txhaum Cai". Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog nws kev koom tes, ib qhov project rau kev tsim kho ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam tau tsim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv nto moo tsim los ntawm Nikitin lub sijhawm no yog lub qab nthab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Novosibirsk-Glavny.

Awards

Nikolai Vasilyevich tau lees paub tias yog tus kws tshaj lij-tus kws tsim qauv zoo nkauj rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawm Soviet Union. Nws tau txais ob qhov kev txiav txim thiab ntau yam khoom plig. Nyob rau hauv 1970, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Honored Builder ntawm RSFSR, thiab kuj tau txais txiaj ntsim ntawm Lenin nqi zog rau kev txhim kho tus ncej ntawm Ostankino TV Ntauwd. Nws kuj tau txais Stalin Prize, peb chav kawm, xyoo 1951.

Nikitin Nicholas
Nikitin Nicholas

cua ua liaj ua teb

Hauv xyoo 1932, Nikolai Nikitin tau ua thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim nws cov haujlwm tshawb fawb, piv txwv li, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev suav cov qauv ntauwd. Nyob rau hauv tandem nrog engineer Yu. V. Kondratyuk, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug cua ua liaj ua teb project. Nws tau npaj los tsim nws ntawm lub roob siab ntawm Ai-Petri hauv Crimea.

Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau suav cov txiaj ntsig zoo li qub thiab lub zog ntawm cov cua cuam tshuam rau cov qauv hloov pauv, uas siab heev. Nws xav txog yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws muaj peev xwm mus thov kev tsim kho los ntawmreinforced pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam, qhov twg yuav muab lub load-bearing nodal ntsiab thiab yuav ua li cas erect lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug zawv zawg formwork. Txawm hais tias qhov kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv tsis ua tiav, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau muab ntau txoj kev txhim kho rau kev coj ua thaum lub sijhawm tsim Ostankino TV ntauwd.

Palace ntawm Soviets

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Nikitin nyob rau hauv lub capital, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws tej yaam num, nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm uas nws coj ib feem, yog lub thav duab ntawm lub Palace ntawm Soviets. Lub tsev monumental yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej.

Nikolai Nikitin tus kws kes duab vajtse
Nikolai Nikitin tus kws kes duab vajtse

Qhov project tsis paub yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tsev, yuav luag ib nrab ib kilometer siab, yog los ua ib lub cim ntawm Moscow thiab socialism. Lub ntauwd ntauwd, nce 300 meters saum toj no hauv av, ua lub pedestal rau tus pej thuam ntawm V. I. Lenin, uas nws qhov ntev yog tsawg kawg yog 100 meters.

Raws li kev ua haujlwm zoo heev ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv Soviet, chav sib tham tau nyob hauv tus kav lub taub hau. Ob txhais tes ntawm daim duab tsis txav yog txuas mus rau hauv ib qho taw qhia rau lub hnub. Tag nrho cov pej thuam tas li tig nrog kev pab los ntawm cov hluav taws xob loj loj. Tau kawg, cov kws tsim vaj tsev tsis tau npaj yuav muab chav sib tham rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm V. I. Lenin. Raws li kev suav, qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum yog 7.5 lab cubic meters, uas yog sib npaug rau qhov ntim ntawm peb lub pyramids ntawm Cheops.

MGU

Lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Lomonosov University thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws towered 240 meters saum av. Kev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv, nyob rau ntawm Sparrow Hills, tau mus rau plaub xyoos, uas yog los ntawm 1949 txog 1953.

Nikitin Nikolay Vasilievich
Nikitin Nikolay Vasilievich

Ostankino TV Ntauwd

Qhov siab ntawm tus pej thuam yog 540 meters. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav (1967), nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom. Xyoo 1957, Nikolai Nikitin, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau pib tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau TV thiab xov tooj cua ntauwd. Cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj heev, txij li peb lub hlis twg ntawm qhov hnyav yuav tsum tau poob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv, thiab tsuas yog tus so - nyob rau sab saum toj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai sib txawv ntawm rab koob tsuas yog ib meter. Yog tias tus nqi no ntau dua, ces cov duab uas muaj suab nrov yuav raug xa mus rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus.

Nikolai Nikitin thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Nikolai Nikitin thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Kev tsim kho ntawm tus pej thuam siv kaum xyoo. Cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv yog muab piv nrog cov claws ntawm ib tug dav dawb hau tuav prey. Nrog lawv pab, tus pej thuam so rau hauv av. Tight ropes kom tus pej thuam tsis txhob ntog thiab viav vias. Nyob rau hauv 1970, Nikitin thiab pab neeg ntawm architects thiab engineers uas ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Ostankino TV pej thuam tau txais lub Lenin nqi zog.

Shell tower

Tau ob xyoos, txij xyoo 1966 txog 1967, Nikitin ua haujlwm ua ke nrog Vladimir Ilyich Travush. Ua ke lawv tsim ib tug tsim rau ib tug mesh steel plhaub ntauwd. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev yog 4000 meters. Mitsushiba, tus tswv ntawm lub tuam txhab Nyij Pooj, commissioned Lavxias teb sab engineers thiab architects los tsim lub pej thuam.

Thaum pib ntawm peb caug xyoo, cov neeg Nyij Pooj rov xav txog cov qauv ntawm qhov nocov qauv. Tam sim no, X-Seed 4000 ntauwd yog los ua tus siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tsev 800-zaj dab neeg tuaj yeem tso ncaj qha saum hiav txwv ua tsaug rau lub hauv paus 6-kilometer. Raws li kev suav, txij li 700,000 txog 1,000,000 tus neeg tuaj yeem nyob ntawm no tib lub sijhawm.

Kev tuag

Nikolai Nikitin, uas nws biography tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau ua lub neej zoo kawg nkaus. Nws tuag hauv 1973, uas yog lub Peb Hlis 3. Ib tus kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws tau faus rau ntawm Novodevichy Cemetery.

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