Mushrooms yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub ecosystem. Ntxiv nrog rau kev koom tes hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom, decomposing cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, fungi yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov as-ham thiab symbiotic kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Basidiomycetes.
Mushrooms of the Red Book. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Txog tsis ntev los no, cov microflora tau kawm tsis txaus, qhov tseem ceeb me me tau txuas nrog cov kab mob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nruj hom tsis tau khaws cia. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev faib tawm feem ntau pom zoo, nceb muaj lwm yam: noj tau, noj tsis tau, tshuaj lom, tshuaj, kab tsuag ntawm hav zoov thiab qoob loo, thiab lwm yam.
Ntshai nceb Phau Liab tau txiav txim siab hauv ntu "Nroj tsuag". Nws suav nrog 17 hom nceb.
Grifola curly (yas nceb, nplooj nplooj tinder fungus), Curly sparassis (Mushroom cabbage), Ravenel's Mutinus, Violet cobweb, Pistil horn (Clavate horn), Chestnut gyropore (chestnut lossis chestnut nceb), Dawb boletus, Ob chav netted boletus (Dictiophora ob), Porphyry pseudobirch, Mushroom-umbrella maiden, Cone nceb,Ceg tinder fungus (Grifola umbellata), Gyropore xiav (bruise), Blackberry coral (Horis coral), Lattice liab (Clatrus liab), Amanita cone, Mutinus aub
Basidial fungi muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb los tsim cov spores - basidia. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov npe, tag nrho cov nceb tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab tsuas yog ib chav kawm - Agaricomycetes. Cov npe no tsuas muaj nceb siab xwb.
Qee hom yuav piav qhia ntxiv hauv qab no.
Dawb boletus (Leccinum percandidum)
Belongs to the Department of Basidiomycetes, to the class Agaricomycetes.
Cov nceb no, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, tseem hu ua Dawb Aspen. Zoo ib yam li Boletus liab, tab sis muaj lub kaus mom dawb.
Lub kaus mom muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 25 cm inch, qia yog dawb, thickened rau hauv qab - club-puab. Cov txheej tubular feem ntau yog dawb, tej zaum yuav daj me ntsis.
Loj hlob hauv hav zoov aspen, hauv hav zoov sib xyaw Pine-spruce.
Nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm CIS, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Murmansk, Moscow, Leningrad cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws yog qhov tsawg heev - xwm txheej 3R.
pib txi txiv thaum nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli.
Cov nceb no noj qab kawg li os, tab sis yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nceb muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, ces koj khaws tsis tau.
Macrolepiota puellaris nceb (Macrolepiota puellaris)
Belongs to the department Basidiomycetes, mus rau chav Agaricomycetes.
Cov nceb no belongs rau tsev neeg champignon, yog li nwsnoj tau.
Lub kaus mom nyias nyias, tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10 cm inch. Cov ceg nyias nyias, tab sis siab - txog 16 cm.
Cov nceb no loj hlob ntawm ntug hav zoov sib xyaw lossis ntoo thuv hav zoov thaum Lub Xya Hli-Lub Cuaj Hli. Feem ntau loj hlob ib leeg, tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv pawg. Nws tuaj yeem pom thoob plaws hauv Eurasia. Nws yog qhov tsawg heev - xwm txheej 3R.
Mutinus caninus (lat. Mutinus caninus)
Nrog rau kev faib ntawm Basidiomycota, mus rau chav Agaricomycetes.
Cov nceb muaj lub ntsej muag elongated nrog lub kaus mom qhia me ntsis. Qhov ntev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ncav cuag 18 cm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qia yog 1.5 cm. Thaum lub nceb ripens, nws crowns tawg thiab nthuav tawm ib tug daj ntseg paj.
Cov nceb tsawg tsawg - xwm txheej 3R, loj hlob hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov coniferous, feem ntau hauv ob peb daim, tsis tshua muaj nyob ib leeg. Nyiam cog rau ntawm rotten snags, rotting stumps, sawdust.
Cov nceb muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tsis tsw qab ntxiag heev uas nyiam kab. Thaum beetles los yog yoov gnaw ntawm ib feem ntawm nceb - gleba, nws pib decompose sai heev, tsis muaj dab tsi seem ntawm Mutinus nyob rau hauv 3-4 hnub.
nceb noj tau, tab sis tsuas yog thaum nws tseem tsis tau siav - hauv lub qe plhaub.
YPineal Amanita (Amanita strobiliformis)
Tus nceb no tseem hu ua "Pineal Amanita".
Nrog rau kev faib ntawm Basidiomycota, mus rau chav Agaricomycetes.
hom yoov agaric muaj lub hau dawb nrog txoj kab uas hla mus txog 18 cm, txhais ceg dawb 15-20 cm siab.
Hauv CIS, faib hauv Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, hauv Russia tsuas yog hauv cheeb tsam Belgorod. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov sib xyaw nrog cov ntoo xws li linden, beech, ntoo qhib, vim. Fly agaric is their symbiont.
pib txi txiv thaum lub Yim Hli-September.
Cov nceb ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab no tsis tshua muaj, vim xav tau heev ntawm cov xwm txheej sab nraud (av thiab kub).
Ntsuab nceb.
ob net thom khwm (Dictiophora duplicata)
Lwm lub npe yog Dictiophora ob lossis net-toed.
Nrog rau kev faib ntawm Basidiomycota, mus rau chav Agaricomycetes.
Cov nceb zoo ib yam li Mutinus canine, vim belongs rau tib genus - Veselka.
Lub kaus mom me me muaj xim av tsaus, tsaus grey xim thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog elongated nrog ib txoj kab uas hla mus txog 5 cm thiab nws cov xim hloov nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm ripening.
Loj hlob hauv cov av zoo, nrog cov ntoo lwj, tsis tshua muaj hauv pawg. Lub net-carrier tuaj yeem pom hauv thaj av Moscow, Belarus, ib feem ntawm Ukraine.
Dictiophora yog nceb noj tau, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm uas nws tseem tsis tau tawm ntawm lub qe qe. Siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj rau ntau yam kab mob.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, Red Book nceb tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog noj tau xwb, tab sis kuj tsis tuaj yeem noj thiab tshuaj lom.
