Qhov xwm txheej zoo kawg nkaus ntawm thaj av Voronezh, nrog cov dej ntws Don, Usmanka, Voronezh, nyiam cov tsiaj ntau. Kev nyab xeeb huab cua, nrog rau lub caij ntuj no los nag thiab txias thiab lub caij ntuj no me me, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau tus tsiaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh, hav zoov-steppe thiab thaj chaw steppe sib xyaw.
Tsiaj ntiaj teb ntawm cheeb tsam Voronezh
Cov tsiaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Tsis tsuas yog tsiaj loj nyob ntawm no, xws li moose, roe mos lwj, mos lwj liab thiab hma. Tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam tsiaj ntawm hav zoov-steppe, xws li weasels, shrews thiab puav. Tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj xws li cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb xws li muskrat, uas tau xaiv thaj av Voronezh ua lub tsev txij li thaum ub.
Buddocks, bustards thiab marmots nyob hauv thaj chaw qhib steppe. Lub bobak groundhog, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, yuav luag tag nrho exterminated nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, tab sis tom qab ntawd.nws cov pejxeem tau rov qab los. Tam sim no ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm marmots nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam, lawv cov lej tau rov qab los tag nrho.
Ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib ntawm thaj av yog sawv cev los ntawm gulls, storks, swamp-meadow game thiab ntau sparrows, swifts thiab pigeons. Ntau hom noog kuj tau xaiv cov av no. Golden eagles, dawb-tailed eagles thiab dub swans nyob rau hauv lub reserves.
Beavers, otters, dej shrews thiab muskrats nyob raws ntug dej. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws - marsh vaub kib thiab Qav coexist nrog ntau hom ntses. Bream, pike perch, catfish thiab carp yog pom ua ke nrog sterlet thiab burbot, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.
Nyob hauv nroog thiab cov nroog me, qee cov tsiaj hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh, uas tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, kuj pom muaj chaw nyob. Bats, martens, weasels, ringed turtledoves, owls, dub swans thiab dawb storks. Ntau hom feathered xws li sparrows, ravens, nquab thiab starlings tau dhau los ua neeg nyob ruaj khov.
Cov tsiaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh muaj txog li 70 hom tsiaj, 10 hom amphibians thiab 9 hom tsiaj reptiles, 290 hom noog thiab tshaj kaum txhiab kab, 50 hom ntses. Qee hom tsiaj xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.
Kev sib raug zoo txaus ntshai
Txoj cai ntawm xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum, vim tej yam uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau. Peb lub tebchaws yuav tsum muaj kev hwm thiab hwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg.
Tab sis hmoov tsis, txiv neej ua yuam kev ntau. Cov tsiaj txhu muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm Voronezhregions yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, kev poob ntawm cov pejxeem yog vim muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig uas tshwm sim tsis yog hauv zos, tab sis yog ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv xwm. Kev lag luam hauv nroog thiab kev tsim kho cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam uas ua rau ib puag ncig ua rau cov tsiaj qus ploj mus hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh
Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua qhov nrawm rau thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Voronezh, thiab tsis yog vim qhov ze rau thaj tsam ecologically polluted hauv nruab nrab ntawm Russia. Tab sis kuj yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv loj industrial nroog xws li Voronezh, Liski, Rossosh thiab lwm yam, muaj ib tug loj teeb meem nrog insufficiently kho cov dej khib nyiab. Ntau tshaj 90,000 tons ntawm cov pa phem thiab cov khoom lag luam raug tso tawm rau hauv dej khib nyiab txhua xyoo.
nce nqi ntawm nroog loj ua rau huab cua muaj kuab paug. Cov pa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tsheb ua pa phem rau huab cua ntau dua (ntau dua 90% ntawm cov pa phem yog suav los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob tsheb). Thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub nroog thiab lawv txoj kev nthuav dav ua rau txo qis hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tsiaj.
Thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg (suav nrog cov tsis raug cai) muaj ntau dua 230 hectares. Qhov no tseem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov fauna ntawm cheeb tsam Voronezh.
Voronezh Nature Reserve
Rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev khaws cia ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu, thaj chaw khaws cia thiab thaj chaw tau raug teeb tsa hauv cheeb tsam. Cov chaw tshwj xeeb raug coj los tiv thaiv, thiab cov tsiaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh,teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab raug coj los tswj tshwj xeeb.
Tiv thaiv tus beaver thiab khaws nws cov lej hauv xyoo 1923, Lub Xeev Voronezh Reserve tau teeb tsa. Niaj hnub no nws yog complex, nws cheeb tsam tau nce mus rau 31,000 hectares. Muaj ntau dua 57 hom tsiaj ntawm nws thaj chaw. Ob tug tsiaj muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia. Cov no yog cov Lavxias teb sab muskrat (uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tau nyob hauv thaj chaw no tau ntau dua 30 lab xyoo) thiab qhov loj heev nocturnal.
Nyob rau hauv cia, tus naj npawb ntawm hedgehogs tau rov qab los tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Lawv tseem koom nrog kev kho cov pej xeem ntawm cov xim av thiab hare. Nrog rau qhov pib ua haujlwm - kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub reservoir ntawm beavers - lub reserve tau ntev coped. Tus dej beaver tau bred thiab nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
Reserved chaw ntawm cheeb tsam Voronezh
Nyob hauv lub hav ntawm Usman River muaj Usmansky Hav Zoov, uas yog txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsiaj vim hais tias tsis muaj neeg nyob rau hauv nws ib ncig. Feem ntau vim qhov no, cov tsiaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, zam kev ploj tuag tag.
Ib tug tsiaj tshwj xeeb - Lavxias teb sab desman - kuj nyob hauv Khopersky Reserve, hauv hav ntawm Khoper River. Nws cheeb tsam yog ob npaug me dua Voronezh Reserve. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, ntxiv rau kev khaws cia cov muskrat, lawv kuj yug me nyuam mos lwj thiab nyuj nyuj coj los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws.
Nine reserves tau tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh. Kev yos hav zoov raug tso cai ntawm lawv thaj chaw. Muaj ntau monuments ntawm xwm, raws li zoo raws li ntuj complexes, tau tsim los ntawmtib neeg.
Nrog rau cov tsiaj, tag nrho pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag kuj muaj kev hwm los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua los tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej, txhim kho kab lis kev cai nyob hauv hav zoov. Muaj kev tshaj tawm tawm tsam dej thiab huab cua. Ntau yam kev txuag tau raug coj los tiv thaiv kev ploj ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb tsiaj.
Lub ntsej muag ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab
Tshaj li ob xyoo dhau los, noob neej, rau ntau yam, tau rhuav tshem ntau dua 200 hom tsiaj. Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog kev txuag tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag hauv ntiaj teb.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab tau rov qab los rau kev tsim lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb hauv xyoo 1948. Zoologists, botanists thiab ecologists thoob ntiaj teb muab tso ua ke, tom qab luam tawm, cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag uas nyob rau verge ntawm extinction. Txij li thaum nws yog ib qho kev ceeb toom txaus ntshai, ob qho tib si xim thiab lub npe raug xaiv kom tsim nyog. Nov yog thawj Phau Ntawv Liab tshwm sim.
Kev nce lub tswv yim tau tsim rau txhua hom.
Txhua nplooj ntawv ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab muaj ntau xim. Txhua xim qhia tias theem ib hom nyob rau hauv:
- Tsiaj los yog tsob nroj muaj cim liab, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ploj tuag yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau yav tom ntej.
- Nplooj ntawv daj muaj cov tsiaj uas tsis tu ncua ntawm tus lej thiab yuav xav tau kev cuam tshuam tib neeg nyob rau yav tom ntej.
- Nplooj ntawv dawb hais txog hom tsiaj tsawg tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
- Nplooj ntawv ntsuabnyob los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag uas nws cov pejxeem twb muaj kev nyab xeeb, lawv twb tau txais kev cawmdim.
- Grey tau tseg rau me me-kawm thiab tsis paub hom.
Phau Ntawv Liab hauv thaj av Voronezh
Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, thawj Phau Ntawv Liab tau luam tawm 30 xyoo tom qab tsim Phau Ntawv Liab Thoob Ntiaj Teb. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nws mus nias nyob rau hauv 2001.
Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Voronezh Cheeb Tsam, tsim nyob rau xyoo 2008, teev cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu uas tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qee hom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Phau ntawv qhia txog cov tsiaj lawv tus kheej los ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Voronezh Cheeb Tsam, cov lus piav qhia ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm thiab qhov chaw nyob kuj tau nthuav tawm. Tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag, lichens thiab fungi tau teev nyob rau hauv thawj ntim. Hauv qhov thib ob - tsiaj txhu (tag nrho 384 hom). Qee cov tsiaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh, teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab, kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia.
Daim npe ntawm cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ploj mus ntawm thaj av Voronezh
Tej zaum ploj lawm (cim 0) yog:
- 8 hom ntses (Azov beluga, Lavxias teb sab thiab Dub hiav txwv-Azov sturgeons, stellate sturgeon, Dub hiav txwv-Azov herring, Lavxias teb sab bystrynka, stellate pugolovka thiab Dub hiav txwv trout);
- 5 hom noog (Steppe Tirkushka, Curlew, Steppe Kestrel, Kosach thiab Aquatic Warbler).
Tam sim no muaj ntau yam tsiaj txhu, lawv raug faib qeb 1:
- 2 hom ntses (ntau minnow, commonsculpin);
- 15 hom noog (Crowberry, Dub Stork, Osprey, Teb thiab Steppe Harrier, Ntev-legged Buzzard, Steppe Eagle, Tsawg dua thiab Ntau dua Spotted Eagle, Imperial Eagle, Saker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon, Me Bustard, Steppe Lark, Eagle Owl)
- 2 hom tsiaj reptiles (qauv nab, steppe viper).
Cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj kev poob qis tau raug xaiv raws li qeb 2:
- 3 hom ntses (sterlet, Shemaya Azov-Black Hiav Txwv, bersh);
- 8 hom noog (Piskulka, Oystercatcher, Great Snipe, Cov Menyuam Menyuam Yaus, Luv-toed Eagle, Falcon, Me Owl, Klintukh);
- 2 hom tsiaj (ligature, Russian muskrat).
Tsiaj Tsiaj raug xaiv hauv Phau Ntawv Liab li qeb 3:
- 3 hom ntses (carp, white-finned gudgeon, common ntses);
- 2 hom amphibian (grey toad, common frog);
- 26 hom noog (grey goose, whooper swan, me gull, barnacle tern, me tern, stilt, herbalist, handbill, black-tailed godwit, white stork, common honey buzzard, European tuvik, pygmy eagle, golden. dav dawb hau, hiav txwv dav dawb hau - dawb-tailed, ntau kestrel, grey crane, bustard, pipit, millet, dub-fronted thiab grey shrike, bald wheatear, daj, tsawg dua thiab grey-cheeked grebe);
- 7 hom tsiaj (kwj dej, mink, steppe polecat, loj heev thaum yav tsaus ntuj kab ntsig, me me dej shrew, hom mole, common squirrel);
- 5 hom tsiaj reptiles (brindlefish, copperfish, viviparous lizard, Nikolsky's viper, marsh vaub kib).
Tsis yog Phau Ntawv
Txhawm rau khaws tsiaj thiab cog ntiaj teb, nws txoj kev sib haum xeeb,tsuas yog ib Phau Ntawv Liab xwb tsis txaus. Kev siv zog ntawm txhua tus neeg, tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog xav tau los txo qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig.
Thiab txhawm rau txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig, tsis yog hauv thaj av Voronezh nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem loj zuj zus ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg.
Zoo kawg
Peb yuav tsum tiv thaiv ntuj - saib xyuas cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Hlub lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm peb thiab tshawb nrhiav nws. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj ntawm thaj av Voronezh yuav tsis ploj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
