"Cov ntawv sau tsis hlawv!" - sau tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab prose kws sau ntawv thiab playwright M. Bulgakov. Qhov tseeb, cov lus hais lus dab neeg tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog qhov tseeb tiag. Hluav taws tau yooj yim txo cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau rau cov hmoov tshauv, thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm daim ntawv yog nyob ntawm hom ntawv, huab cua av noo, qib oxygen hauv qhov chaw thiab lub zog ntawm cov cua sov.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txheej txheem
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, combustion yog tshuaj oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas tso tawm cua sov, carbon monoxide, hydrogen thiab lwm yam gaseous. Peb saib cov khoom combustion nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa luam yeeb nrog ib tug ntse, tshwj xeeb tsw. Feem ntau daim ntawv ignites nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev thiab ib tug ignition qhov chaw, tab sis nws tus kheej-ignition kuj ua tau. Oxygen ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 14% hauv huab cua.
Cov nplooj ntawv qhuav lossis yob tuaj yeem teeb hluav taws los ntawm qhov qhib nplaim taws, lub txim hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom cua sov. Kev nqus ntawm daim ntawv los ntawm hluav taws pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic, yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi ua tiav raws sijhawm, ces qhov pib.ignition, tus txheej txheem tsis tuag tawm thiab sai sai hloov mus rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov combustion.
Ntse
Raws li koj paub, kev tsim cov ntawv, ntoo, paj rwb fibers, flax, quav nyab lossis cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab (khoom siv) yog siv. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev ua, boiled ntoo pulp, uas yog destined los ua ib yam khoom rau kev sau ntawv, kos duab thiab lwm yam tib neeg xav tau kev pab, muaj txog li 95% dej. Tom qab ziab, daim ntawv yuav tuab, du thiab rhiab rau hluav taws.
Txoj kev luam ntawv sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov cai rau cov ntawv hais txog qhov ntom ntom, kev ntxhib los mos, xim, yog li qhov kub ntawm cov ntawv sib txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm nws hom. Rau daim duab kom pom kev, qhov kub ntawm Celsius yuav tsum tshaj 365 ° C. Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom glossy, cov resin ntxiv rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas pab ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermochemical.
Yog tias tus tswv tsev hauv chav ua noj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom ua los ntawm oily pulp, uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau roj ua ntej, ces qhov kub ntawm cov ntawv ci yuav yog 170 ° C. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, lub coefficient ntawm tshav kub tsis kam ntawm "kev" ci films nrog silicone impregnation yog ntau dua (txog 250-300 ° C). Cov ntawv tshwj xeeb refractory yuav luag tsis txhawb combustion, muaj cov khoom siv zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab tshaj 1,000 ° C.
Daim ntawv flash point hauv Celsius
Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog European, ntsuas kubsiv degrees Celsius, uas kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv International System of Units (SI) nrog rau cov kelvin. Anders Celsius txhais 0 ° C raws li lub melting point ntawm dej khov, thiab ntawm 100 ° C dej boils. Raws li qhov hluav taws kub kub ntawm daim ntawv, nco ntsoov lub npe nrov epigraph rau Ray Bradbury tus tshiab?
"Fahrenheit 451 yog qhov kub ntawm cov ntawv uas cov ntawv ignites thiab hlawv."
Tam sim no tom qab luam tawm ntawm phau ntawv "451 degrees Fahrenheit" nws tau pom tias ua yuam kev hauv lub npe: hluav taws kub ntawm cov nplooj ntawv tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 451 degrees Fahrenheit, thiab tsis nyob ntawm Fahrenheit nplai. Tom qab ntawd, tus sau zoo tshaj plaws tau lees paub tias tom qab sab laj nrog tus neeg tua hluav taws uas paub zoo, nws yooj yim tsis meej pem qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Paper Flash Point Fahrenheit
Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau siv ntau dua los siv Fahrenheit nplai, uas yog lub npe hu ua tus kws kho mob Gabriel Fahrenheit, qhov twg xoom degrees Celsius yog 32 ° F. Tau ntev, qhov ntsuas ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb German tau siv nyob rau hauv txhua lub tebchaws uas hais lus Askiv, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm cov ntsuas Celsius. Qhov dej khov ntawm cov dej hauv Fahrenheit tau los ua + 32 °, thiab qhov kub ntawm + 212 °. Los ntawm kev suav yooj yim, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv hlawv los yog duab los qhia pib yog tias cov khoom qhuav yog rhuab mus rau 843 degrees Fahrenheit.
Combustion lossis ignition: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv
Ignition yog suav tias yog qhov pib ntawm cov ntawv hlawv hauv qab lub zogignition qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov pib mechanism, tom qab uas ib tug saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib. Yog tias koj muaj sijhawm los teb raws sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm hluav taws yam tsis muaj kev pab sab nraud.
Ignition yeej ib txwm nrog cov nplaim taws, tso lub teeb thiab cua sov uas xav tau los txhawb nqa hluav taws. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog loosened daim ntawv: nws yog txaus saturated nrog oxygen kom ignited los ntawm ib tug spark los yog lub tshav kub ntawm lub zos cua sov. Ob peb degrees tuaj yeem ntxiv lossis rho tawm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab hluav taws kub ntawm daim ntawv, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab qhov kub li cas.
Kev ntsuas kub siab
ntsuas cov nplaim taws kub muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb thiab teeb meem. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm daim ntawv lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, koj xav tau lub pyrometer. Nws tseem hu ua tus pas ntsuas kub infrared lossis lub ntsuas kub ntsuas. Muaj optical, hluav taws xob thiab spectral pyrometers. Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum qhov hluav taws kub tsis nyob ze kom ze.
Pyrometer yog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob zoo tsim los ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob thermal hauv txoj kev tsis sib cuag. Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib cuag txhais tau tias, lawv tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom kub lossis siv los ua cov ntsuas cua sov hauv ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kub ntawm daim ntawv ignites siv lub pyrometer qis.
Puas tautus kheej ignition
Ntse nws tus kheej nrawm nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud ntawm nplaim taws lossis lub cev kub ua rau nws tus kheej ignition. Qhov kub ntawm qhov pib-ignition ntawm daim ntawv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 450 ° C. Thaum txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj lossis tsis muaj xim dyes raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yooj yim tso, "hluav taws kub" ua los ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej thaum qhov kub thiab txias mus txog qhov tseem ceeb.
Txo cov av noo thiab ua kom cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber, cuam tshuam rau nws pib-ignition kub, txo nws. Oiled nplooj ntawv tom qab ziab yog ua rau thermal spontaneous combustion, tab sis tapes nyob rau hauv yob yog tsis kam mus hlawv. Yog tias cua sov thiab cov pa luam yeeb tawm, tab sis tsis muaj nplaim taws, cov txheej txheem hu ua smoldering.
Los ntawm txoj kev, illusionists feem ntau siv nws tus kheej-igniting daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv impregnated nrog sodium peroxide ignites sai thiab ci ntsa iab thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib tug me me dej. Lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj heev, tab sis txaus ntshai heev, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom ua "trick" hauv tsev yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse.
Tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws
Daim ntawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev, nws tawg sai sai, cuam tshuam nrog cov vapors thiab cov khoom gaseous muaj nyob hauv huab cua, thiab kub hnyiab heev. Hauv cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev, lub qhov cub roj, overheated los yog faultycov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsis tua hluav taws, luam yeeb. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua hluav taws hauv tsev yog tib neeg tsis saib xyuas, tsis ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb.
Tsis txhob tso daim ntawv ze ntawm lub tshuab cua sov, tsis txhob hla lub zog hluav taws xob. Tsis txhob muab daim duab los qhia hauv qab TV, khoos phis tawj, taws tswm ciab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv daim ntawv los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, tsis txhob haus luam yeeb hauv txaj, khaws cov tshuaj tua hluav taws thiab cov ntaub tuab hauv tsev - nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, cov nplaim taws yuav tsis muaj sij hawm los kis rau cov khoom nyob sib ze. Cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm thiab 100% paj rwb denim tsis yog nplaim taws.
Txawm tias daim ntawv raug hluav taws, ua kom zoo thiab tsis txhob ntshai. Yog tias ua tau, tshem tawm cov ntawv sau tseg - kev nkag mus rau huab cua ntshiab ntxiv lub zog rau qhov hluav taws kub, npog koj lub ntsej muag los ntawm cov pa taws nrog cov phuam da dej, tua tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab, tau ntes cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tawm hauv chav. Paub thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau txoj sia.
Summarize
Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm noob neej yam tsis muaj phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv sau, daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab lwm yam luam tawm. Daim ntawv, uas muaj nuj nqis heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thaum ub, ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem thiab pleev xim, kev kawm. Nws txoj kev siv irrational hem tsis yog tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau lab tus ntoo, tab sis yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg yav tom ntej. Ceev faj nrog ntawv, ceev faj thiab ceev faj nrog hluav taws- Yog li peb yuav khaws peb lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj, ua kom lub ntiaj teb zoo dua!
