Thaum lub nroog Lavxias thaum ub yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lub xeev, thib peb tom qab Kyiv thiab Novgorod. Nws tau yog ib feem ntawm Ukraine rau yuav luag ib puas xyoo thiab, thaj, tag nrho cov zoo tshaj plaws yog tso tseg. Txhua yam uas cov pej xeem ntawm Chernigov tuaj yeem txaus siab rau tam sim no yog qhov muaj koob meej yav dhau los thiab keeb kwm monuments los ntawm qhov ntawd.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub chaw hauv cheeb tsam, nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus dej Desna, ze rau qhov sib txuam ntawm tus dej Strizhen. Lub cheeb tsam qaum teb ntawm Ukraine ciam teb rau Russia (Bryansk cheeb tsam) thiab Belarus (Gomel cheeb tsam). Cov cheeb tsam nyob ze ntawm lub teb chaws: cheeb tsam Kyiv nyob rau sab hnub poob, thaj av Sumy nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab cheeb tsam Poltava nyob rau sab qab teb.
Cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv yog 289,400 tus neeg, raws li cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2018. 1.054 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Uas sawv cev rau tag nrho cov kev ntseeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws: Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism thiab Judaism.
thaj chaw ntawm thaj av yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain, uas txiav txim siab tus cwj pwm tiaj tusthaj chaw uas muaj qhov siab me ntsis hloov pauv mus rau qib dej hiav txwv los ntawm 50 txog 150 m. 1200 tus dej ntws los ntawm cheeb tsam, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Dnieper, Desna thiab Oster.
Ancient keeb kwm
Txoj kev ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj av tau rov qab mus rau Neolithic era, thiab thawj qhov chaw nyob rau lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze, mus txog xyoo pua 2nd BC. Pib txij li xyoo pua 1st, ntau qhov kev sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug dej ntawm Desna thiab Strizhnya, uas tau loj hlob sai vim lawv qhov chaw nyob ntawm txoj kev lag luam. Thawj sau hais nyob rau hauv "Tej lus ntawm Bygone Xyoo" yog txuam nrog Kiev tub huabtais Oleg, uas yuam Byzantium them tribute rau loj Lavxias teb sab nroog. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv Chernihiv xyoo ntawd.
Nyob rau hauv 1024 nws dhau los ua lub nroog lub nroog ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, ua tsaug uas nws tseem loj hlob sai heev. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm Chernigov tus thawj tswj hwm. Yeletsky (1060) thiab Ilyinsky (1069) monasteries tau tsim. Thaj chaw ntawm lub nroog mus txog 450 hectares, thiab cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv yog 40,000 tus neeg.
Nyob rau xyoo 19th thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Xyoo 1801, Chernihiv tau los ua qhov chaw tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev Chernihiv. Lub sijhawm xyoo no, muaj 705 lub tsev nyob hauv nroog, uas muaj 4,000 tus neeg nyob. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm serfdom, cov pej xeem pib loj hlob sai heev, vim yog influx ntawm peasants mus rau hauv nroog lag luam. Nyob rau hauv 1897 cov pejxeem yog 27,716. Tib lub sijhawm, hluav taws xob tau muab, ob lub tsev kho mob, 15 lub tsev so, 9taverns, chaw xa ntawv thiab xov tooj. Xyoo 1913, 32 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv lub xeev chaw.
Lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los ntawm Soviet kev lag luam, ntau lub tuam txhab lag luam tshiab tau tsim, suav nrog hlau-smelting, clinker thiab vinegar nroj tsuag. Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tshiab, Chernigov-Gomel thiab Chernigov-Ovruch railways tau tsim. Lub nroog muaj 32 lub tuam txhab kev lag luam uas ua haujlwm 1,000 tus neeg. Xyoo ua ntej tsov rog xyoo 1939, 69,000 tus neeg nyob hauv nroog.
Post-war reconstruction
Lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua tsov ua rog, lub nroog tau raug puas tsuaj loj, 107 lub tsev muaj kev lag luam, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob, kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj tau raug puas tsuaj tag nrho lossis raug puas tsuaj. Lub chaw hauv cheeb tsam tau pib tsim kho dua tshiab, thiab hauv 1943 cov chav kawm tau rov pib dua ntawm cov tsev kawm, thiab xyoo 1944 ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv lub koom haum. Xyoo 1949, lub Hoobkas ntawm cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag tau rov qab los thiab pib ua haujlwm, los ntawm xyoo 1951, kev tsheb ciav hlau choj thiab chaw nres tsheb tau tsim.
Lub nroog tau rov tsim kho raws li tus tswv txoj kev npaj, xyoo 1950-1955 lub chaw tau rov tsim kho raws li qhov project ntawm architects P. Buklavsky I. Yagodovsky. Txoj kev tshiab tau tsim, tshiab microdistricts tau tsim nrog peb thiab tsib-zaj tsev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, los ntawm 1960, 300 txhiab square meters tau tsim. vaj tse. Xyoo 1959, cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Chernihiv yog 90 txhiab tus neeg. Los ntawm lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg: Ukrainians tsim los ntawm feem ntau pab pawg neeg ntawm inhabitants - 69%, Russians nyob ib feem ntawm 20%, cov neeg Yudais - 8%, Poles - 1%). Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, pre-warkev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho cov lag luam tshiab tau pib..
xyoo zoo tshaj plaws Soviet
Nyob rau xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s, lub Hoobkas hluavtaws fiber ntau, lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov chaw nyob tshiab microdistricts, cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai tau tsim, suav nrog lub tsev ua yeeb yam. T. G. Shevchenko thiab Palace ntawm Pioneers. Los ntawm 1970, cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Chernigov mus txog 159,000 tus neeg.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, txoj kev npaj tshiab rau kev tsim kho lub nroog tau txais yuav, lub tsev so complex "Gradetsky", cinema "Pobeda", lub tsev ntawm cov publishing complex thiab theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv No. 12 tau tsim. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub nroog muaj 245 txhiab tus neeg nyob. Ua tsaug rau kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev nce hauv cov khoom tsim tawm, cov pej xeem txuas ntxiv kom loj hlob sai. Nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm Soviet txoj cai, xyoo 1989, cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv yog 296,000.
Raws ib feem ntawm kev ywj pheej Ukraine
Tom qab tau txais kev ywj pheej, lub nroog kev lag luam tau poob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov. Raws li thawj tag nrho-Ukrainian kev suav pej xeem, cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv yog 305 txhiab tus neeg. Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws sau npe ntawm cov neeg nyob. Xyoo 2003, Chernihiv Automobile Plant tau teeb tsa los ntawm ntau lub lag luam kaw. Lub tuam txhab pib tsim tsheb npav, thiab txij li xyoo 2010, trolleybuses.
Hauv xyoo 2006, cov pej xeem ntawm Chernigov txo qis rau 300,000 tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tus naj npawb ntawm inhabitants maj txo, feem ntau yog vim li casaccount ntawm natural poob thiab migration outflow. Hauv xyoo 2014, lub nroog muaj 295.7 tus neeg nyob hauv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, coob tus neeg tawm mus ua haujlwm hauv Russia thiab European lub tebchaws. Hauv xyoo 2017, cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv tau txo qis los ntawm 2,200 tus neeg, suav nrog 289,400 tus neeg. Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem poob yog vim kev poob qis.
Pab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam
Muaj 22 cheeb tsam, 1530 kev nyob hauv cheeb tsam, suav nrog 1488 nyob deb nroog. Cov nroog loj tshaj plaws yog Chernihiv, Nizhyn thiab Pryluky. Cov pejxeem ntawm thaj av yog kwv yees li 1.054 lab tus tib neeg, suav nrog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog - 678 txhiab (kwv yees li 64.35% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem), nyob deb nroog - 376 txhiab (35.65%). Kwv yees li 28% lossis 297 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab, txog 74 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Nizhyn thiab txog 59 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv nroog Pryluky. Thaj av tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem yam ntxwv ntawm txhua lub tebchaws tsim:
- maj mam txo qis ntawm cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog, kev lag luam hauv nroog hauv xyoo 2001 yog 58.4%, thiab tam sim no tau nce 6%.
- cov neeg nyob hauv nroog me tsiv mus rau lub nroog loj.
Ukraine kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj heev ntawm cov pej xeem mus rau Russia thiab Europe. Txij li xyoo 2001, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam tau txo qis los ntawm yuav luag 200 txhiab tus neeg. Cov pejxeem ceev ntawm cheeb tsam Chernihiv yog 33.25 tus neeg ib sq. km.
Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam yog Ukrainians, kwv yees li 93.5%, ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv, Russians yog 5%,Belarusians 0.6%. Hauv cov nroog, muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm haiv neeg, yog li 24.5% ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Chernihiv suav hais tias Lavxias yog lawv hom lus.
YEconomy of Chernihiv
Nyob hauv lub chaw loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam kev lag luam - Chernihiv, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam yog tshuaj lom neeg, lub teeb thiab zaub mov. Ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam tshuaj, Chernihiv Chemical Fiber Plant, nyob ntawm no. Uas tsim ntau tshaj 70 hom khoom, nrog rau cov hlua ntaub, polyamide yarns, polyamide granulates, polyamide monofilaments. Cov khoom raug xa mus rau kwv yees li 800 tus neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
Lwm cov lag luam tseem ceeb rau cov pej xeem ntawm Chernihiv, hais txog kev ua haujlwm, yog: cov nroj tsuag ntawm xov tooj cua "CheZaRa" thiab lub Hoobkas tsheb. Chernihiv Automobile Plant tsim cov tsheb npav thiab trolleybuses, txawm hais tias nyob rau xyoo tas los no qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis tseem ceeb. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov xov tooj cua tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob. Txij li thaum Soviet lub sij hawm, cov lag luam loj ntawm lub teeb kev lag luam tseem ua haujlwm - cov ntaub plaub, cov ntaub npuag thiab xaws.
Kev lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam
Cov kev lag luam ua lag luam hauv cheeb tsam yog kev lag luam chemical, mechanical engineering, woodworking and food. Uas yog concentrated nyob rau hauv loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam - Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Pryluky thiab Bakhmach.
Roj thiab cov nkev ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm Dnieper-Donetskthaj tsam roj thiab roj. Lub tuam txhab niam txiv Lub Tuam Txhab Roj thiab Roj Ntau Lawm (NGDU) "Chernigovneftegaz" nyob hauv nroog Priluki. Lub nroog kuj tseem muaj lub tsev luam yeeb ntawm British American Tobacco, uas tsim cov luam yeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no hom "Kent" thiab lub zos "Priluki Osoblivі". "Priluki cog - "Belkozin" yog tib lub lag luam nyob rau hauv Ukraine uas tsim collagen sausage casings.
Nyob hauv lwm lub nroog loj ntawm thaj av Nizhyn, muaj ob lub lag luam tsim khoom siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws NPK "Progress" yog koom nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm tub rog.
