Moscow Region yog ib lub koom haum koom nrog ntawm Lavxias Federation, koom nrog Central Federal District. Lub chaw tswj hwm yog unofficially suav hais tias yog lub nroog ntawm Moscow. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub European ib ncig ntawm Russia, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain, nyob rau hauv lub Volga River phiab.
Thaj chaw thaj tsam yog 44329 km2. Qhov no yog 55th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia. Thiab dab tsi yog thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Moscow? Qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw yog nruab nrab. Nws yog 310 km ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb thiab 340 km ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj.
Hnub tsim lub cheeb tsam yog hnub tim 1929-14-01. Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog 16 lub nroog, 44 lub nroog thiab ob lub nroog-hom chaw nyob. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog qib siab ntawm nroog loj thiab kev loj hlob thaum khaws cia ntau thaj chaw ntuj tsim.
Nature
Thaj chaw feem ntau yog tiaj tus. Nyob rau sab hnub poob nws yog hilly,elevated, thiab sab hnub tuaj - tiaj tus, qis.
Kev nyab xeeb yog huab cua nyob rau sab av loj, nrog rau lub caij zoo, suav nrog kev hloov pauv. Lub caij ntuj sov sov thiab lub caij ntuj no yog txias txias. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm cheeb tsam, lub caij ntuj no txias dua thiab lub caij ntuj sov kub dua. Qhov nruab nrab nag lossis daus txhua xyoo yog 713 hli.
Tus dej network belongs rau Volga dej phwj.
Nroog yog sawv cev los ntawm hav zoov thiab meadows. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, coniferous spruce forests predominate, nyob rau sab qab teb - coniferous-broad-leaved, deciduous.
Ecology
Qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig feem ntau tsis zoo. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kuab paug tshaj plaws yog nyob ze Moscow thiab thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av. Muaj teeb meem loj nrog kev pov tseg cov khib nyiab hauv nroog, uas muaj ntau npaum li cas tau tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no.
Pab neeg thiab kev lag luam
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow yog 7 lab 503 txhiab 385 tus neeg. Cov pejxeem ceev yog 169 tus neeg/km2. Cov pejxeem nce tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tuag tseem tshaj qhov kev yug me nyuam, thiab kev loj hlob tau ua tiav ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw.
Kev lag luam ntawm thaj av Moscow tau tsim kho zoo. Nws yog qhov thib peb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Kev tsim khoom lag luam ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam no.
Kev lag luam
Hais txog kev faib khoom ntawm kev lag luam, cheeb tsam Moscow nyob rau qib thib ob hauv Russia tom qab Moscow. Muaj ntau ntau lub lag luam ntawm tseem fwv tseem ceeb. Hauv paus, cheeb tsam kev lag luam siv cov khoom siv raw khoom. Qhov feem ntawm science-intensive industries yog siab. Hauv kev ua haujlwmCov kws tshaj lij muaj peev xwm koom nrog.
Administrative-territorial division
Qhov kev faib no yuav tsum tau muab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj hwm tus kheej hauv cheeb tsam, siv cov qauv hauv nroog. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsim hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam Moscow muaj cov nroog hauv nroog, thiab tsis yog cheeb tsam (tsis zoo li cov cheeb tsam) subordination. Lawv feem ntau me me.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj av tau muab faib ua cov thawj coj loj dua-ib cheeb tsam - cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Txhua koog tsev kawm ntawv muab faib ua cov neeg nyob deb nroog thiab nroog. Kuj tseem muaj cov nroog hauv nroog thiab cov nroog hauv cheeb tsam subordination, nrog rau cov chaw tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw kaw.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam Moscow yog ntau haiv neeg. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm-ib thaj tsam hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab txawv ntawm lwm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, piv txwv li, hauv Krasnodar Territory lossis Rostov Cheeb Tsam, uas tau muab faib ua kwv yees li ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj, tswj los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam.
Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog 51. Txawm tias nyuaj rau daim duab ntawm kev tswj hwm-ib thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow yog qhov muaj kev sib cais - lub nroog Moscow. Nws ciam teb yog chaotic heev; muaj cais cov kob thaj chaw, kuj subordinate rau Moscow. Moscow nroog cheeb tsam txiav lub cheeb tsam yuav luag nyob rau hauv ib nrab, tawm tsuas yog ib tug dav sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj lintel. Xws li ib tug chaotic faib tsis yog ua tauxav tias tsim nyog. Hloov chaw, nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus.
Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw ntawm Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow muaj qhov nyuaj, tsis meej pem thiab tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb tag nrho. Thiab qhov no txawv ntawm ntau lwm cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow
Qee qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam raug tiv thaiv. Yog li, Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve nyob hauv Serpukhov District. Bison thiab cov zej zog ntawm sab qaum teb tshaj plaws steppe formations ntawm European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws raug tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawd. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv khoom yog lub teb chaws tiaj ua si "Zavidovo", ib feem ntawm uas twb belongs rau lub Tver cheeb tsam. Lwm yam khoom tiv thaiv yog: Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, ib qho chaw zoo nkauj hu ua "Lake Kievo", Yablokov Dendrological Park.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 200 qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev txuag ntuj, Phau Ntawv Liab hauv cheeb tsam tau tshaj tawm txij li xyoo 1998.
Cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam Moscow
Muaj 36 lub nroog hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam Moscow:
- Volokolamsk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Volokolamsk (zip code 143600).
- Voskresensky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Voskresensk (zip code 140200).
- Dmitrov nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Dmitrov (zip code 141800).
- Zaraysk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Zaraysk (zip code 140600).
- Egoryevsky nrog qhov chaw hauvLub nroog Yegorievsk (zip code 140300).
- Istra nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Istra (zip code 143500).
- Klinskiy nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Klin (zip code 141600).
- Kashirsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Kashira (zip code 142903).
- Krasnogorsk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Krasnogorsk (zip code 143404).
- Kolomna nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Kolomna (zip code 140407).
- Leninsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Vidnoe, Leninsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (zip code 142700).
- Lukhovitsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Lukhovitsy (zip code 140501).
- Lotoshinsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Lotoshino, Lotoshinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (zip code 143800).
- Lyubertsy nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Lyubertsy (zip code 140000).
- Mytishchi nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Mytishchi (zip code 141008).
- Mozhaisk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Mozhaisk (zip code 143200).
- Naro-Fominsk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Naro-Fominsk (zip code 143300).
- Ozersky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Ozyory (zip code 140560).
- Odintsovo nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Odintsovo (zip code 143000).
- Noginsk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Noginsk (zip code 142400).
- Podolsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Podolsk (zip code 142100).
- Orekhovo-Zuevsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Orekhovo-Zuyevo (zip code 142600).
- Pavlovsky Posad nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Pavlovsky Posad (zip code 142500).
- Pushkinsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Pushkino (zip code 141207).
- Ramenskoye nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Ramenskoye (zip code 140100).
- Sergiev Posad nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Sergiev Posad (zip code 141300).
- Ruza nrog lub chaw hauv nroog Ruza (zip code 143100).
- Solnechnogorsk nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Solnechnogorsk (zip code 141500).
- Serpukhov nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Serpukhov (zip code 142203).
- Serebryano-Prudsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Serebryanye Prudy, Serebryano-Prudsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (zip code 142970).
- Stupino nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Stupino (zip code 142800).
- Taldom nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Taldom (zip code 141900).
- Shatura nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Shatura (zip code 140700).
- Chekhov nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Chekhov (zip code 142300).
- Shakhovsky nrog qhov chaw hauv lub nroog Shakhovskaya, Shakhovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (zip code 143700).
- Shchelkovsky nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Shchelkovo (zip code 141100).
Txhim kho thaj chaw ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho thaj chaw yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm cov vaj tsev ntau lub tsev. Rau qhov no, muaj ib txoj cai tshwj xeeb "Ntawm kev txhim kho hauv cheeb tsam Moscow." Hauv nws qhov kev ua tiav, cov lus pom zoo yog siv los txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm thaj chaw vaj. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm kev sib hais hauv nroog.
Thaj chaw vaj yog nkag siab tias thaj av ncaj qha nyob ib sab ntawm cov tsev tsev thiab siv ntau yam. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog chaw ua si, chaw nres tsheb, thaj chaw pov tseg, thaj chaw ntsuab,teeb, ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Raws li kev txhim kho txoj hauv kev ntawm thaj chaw yog txhais tau tias nqa tag nrho cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw uas tau piav qhia saum toj no mus rau lub xeev cov cai.
Txheej xwm los xyuas kom meej tag nrho cov cwj pwm no thiab tswj kom lawv nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej raug ua txhua xyoo. Qhov kev thuam loj tshaj plaws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev ploj ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov chaw ua si. Kuj tseem muaj teeb meem loj heev ntawm txoj kev ntawm txoj kev sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua tiav tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 2016. Lawv suav nrog txoj kev asph alting thiab txoj hauv kev, kho qhov chaw ua si, txhim kho cov khoom ua si ntxiv rau lawv, kho laj kab, thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv sawv.
kev txhim kho ib puag ncig
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho dav dav ntawm thaj chaw Moscow, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev ntsuas ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, xws li kev tu thaj chaw los ntawm cov khib nyiab, ntxuav lub cev dej, txhim kho txoj kev hauv kev, kev tsim kho vaj tsev nyob thiab thaj chaw pej xeem, kho cov chaw ua si, kho vaj tse uas ploj lawm, thiab lwm yam.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau hais los ntawm kev xav txog kev ua neej zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pejxeem. Yog li, raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm European cov kws tshawb fawb, kev sib sau ntawm cov khoom siv yas hauv tsev nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis tsim nyog (landfills, reservoirs, thiab lwm yam) thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsheb log tsheb los ntawm txoj kev nto ua rau muaj kuab paug ntawm txhua qhov chaw nrog microscopic hais thiab fibers.artificial polymers. Thiab yog tias peb tseem tig qhov muag tsis pom qhov no, yav tom ntej yuav muaj tus lej zoo li kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg coob coob hauv ntiaj teb yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo.
