Ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv coob coob hauv St. Petersburg muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas qhia txog kev lag luam mining. Nws hu ua Mining Institute. Thiab tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, lub tsev cia puav pheej mining tau ua haujlwm nrog nws, txaus siab qhib nws lub qhov rooj tsis yog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub koom haum xwb, tab sis kuj rau txhua tus neeg uas xav pom nws cov khoom pov thawj. Yuav sau li cas hauv tsev cia puav pheej, dab tsi yog nws keeb kwm thiab yuav nkag mus rau hauv nws li cas, peb yuav paub ntxiv.
History of the Mining Institute
Ua ntej tham txog Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Petersburg, cia peb luv luv, sai sai mus hla cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm tib lub npe, vim tias ob qho tib si sib cuam tshuam.
Ntawm nws lub vev xaib official nws tau qhia tias qhov no yog thawj lub tsev kawm txuj ci hauv tebchaws Russia (tau kawg, qhov siab tshaj), uas tau tsim ua tsaug rau txoj cai ntawm Empress Catherine the Great hauv 1773. Nws yuav tsum tau ua lub embodiment ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Peter lub Great thiab Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, raws li zoo raws li mus cob qhia cov neeg ua hauj lwm engineering nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho lub lag luam mining. Yog liYog li, keeb kwm ntawm Mining University muaj ntau tshaj li ob centuries qub.
Tau kawg, thaum xub thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv no tsis yog tsev kawm qib siab, tab sis yog tsev kawm qib siab. Nws thawj qhov kev kawm tiav tsuas yog 19 tus neeg, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim, ntau tshaj li ib puas tus tub ntxhais kawm tau gnawing ntawm granite ntawm science hauv lub tsev kawm mining. Xyoo 1804, lub tsev kawm mining tau los ua Mining Cadet Corps, thiab los ntawm 1834 - lub koom haum ntawm Mining Engineers Corps. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm hom kaw, ib feem zoo li cov tsev kawm tub rog tub rog. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog rau nruab nrab-sixties ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Xyoo 1866, lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tau hais los saum no los ua lub npe hu ua Mining Institute.
Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, lub npe Petrogradsky tau ntxiv rau lub koom haum, thiab xyoo 1924 nws tau hloov nrog Leningradsky. Lub koom haum Leningrad Mining tau cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau geology ntawm mining thiab metallurgy, ua lub koom haum polytechnic. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, cov hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum Mining tau nce, ib yam li cov tub ntxhais kawm. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no, kev kawm tiav ntawm engineers los ntawm Mining University tau tshaj 40 txhiab tus neeg. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum Mining uas muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, tam sim no paub thoob ntiaj teb, kawm, kws tshawb fawb Karpinsky - geologist-encyclopedist, Obruchev - geologist thiab kws sau ntawv, Efremov - paleontologist, science ntawv tseeb, thiab hais txog.
History of the Mining Museum of St. Petersburg
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub koom haum tau hais los saum no tau pib ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd, sai li sai tau lub koom haum, lossis lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhib nws lub qhov rooj hauvthawj zaug. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau - tom qab ntawd tseem me me - tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm thiab tau txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau tshaj ob centuries. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias txhua yam pib li cas…
Keeb Kwm
Thiab nws txhua tus pib nrog chav me me, uas muaj cov khoom sib sau ua ke kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem kawm pob zeb los ntawm lawv. Tau ntau xyoo, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tseem nyob li ntawd, tab sis los ntawm 1791, los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm ntau tus neeg uas tsis muaj kev xav, suav nrog tsev neeg imperial, nws tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pov thawj hauv tsev cia puav pheej tau nce zuj zus. Thiab txij li xyoo 1996, nws tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Tsim
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Mining University hauv St. Petersburg mus rau niaj hnub no yog qhov zoo ib yam li nws yuav luag ob puas xyoo dhau los. Qhov no kuj yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg kho dua tshiab, uas muaj peev xwm rov tsim cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm sab hauv nrog zoo tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Thiab nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Alexander thawj!
Kev kho dua tshiab hauv Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej tau ua ob peb zaug, lub sijhawm kawg - tsis ntev los no, xyoo 2016, ua tsaug rau kev pib ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no. Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev, ob qho tib si cov khoom pov thawj thiab cov rooj tog qub tau "rov ua dua tshiab". Niaj hnub no, txhua yam yog hom tshiab dua, ntxiv rau, cov neeg tuaj saib muaj lub sijhawm los txaus siab rau qhov kev nthuav tawm hauv Cadet Hall yav dhau los.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus hais txog lub tsev thiab qhov chaw nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav piav qhia hauv qab no,tam sim no, cia peb hais ob peb lo lus hais txog yuav ua li cas nws ciaj sia nyob rau hauv Great Patriotic War.
1941-1945
Lub sijhawm nyuaj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev thaiv ntev ntawm Leningrad, cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub nroog uas raug kaw. Txawm hais tias muaj kev nyuaj heev, txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem nqa mus rau tom qab ntawd Sverdlovsk (tam sim no Yekaterinburg) cov khoom los ntawm kev sau, sawv cev rau qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kim khoom pov tseg sab laug Leningrad: pob zeb diamond, kub nuggets, platinum, thiab hais txog. Tag nrho lwm yam tau ua tib zoo tidied thiab muab zais rau hauv cellars ntawm Mining Institute. Nws ua haujlwm tawm. Thaum lub blockade raug tshem tawm, tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj rov qab los tsev rau Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Mining Institute ntawm St. Petersburg.
Halls of the museum
Muaj nees nkaum ib chav hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb ntawm St. Ua cas cov uas xav tias lub tsev khaws puav pheej no me me heev! Cia peb khiav dhau ntawm txhua lub tsev thiab pom dab tsi tshwm sim.
Hall 1 - exhibition hall
Lub tsev ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej no nthuav tawm cov khoom pov thawj pub rau lub tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm cov neeg muaj npe: ntau tus duab, cov neeg sau npe nrov thiab txawm tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg imperial. Cov khoom pov thawj tiag tiag tau sau tseg ntawm no, piv txwv li, cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab nto moo Faberge lossis kub thiab platinum nuggets, tsis tshua muaj agates thiab amethysts los ntawm Brazil los yog Ural pob zeb, nrog rau cov pob tshab Ural beryl siv lead ua nthuav tawm rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej los ntawm Nicholas Thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee yam pom ntawm no, txawm li cas los xij, ib yam li hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej mining.
Hall 2 "General mineralogy"
Ntawm nominerals nyob, ib qho unsurpassed sau, uas muaj ntau tshaj 50 txhiab tus qauv. Cov no yog cov khoom pov thawj uas tau sau los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb los ua qauv qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab tsis yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm mineralogy nkaus xwb. Ib qho kev sau ntawm ntuj siv lead ua, quartz siv lead ua hnyav 500 kilograms los ntawm Urals - qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus uas tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej no.
Hall 3 – Malachite
Kuv nco ntsoov tam sim ntawd Pavel Bazhov's "Malachite Box". Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev, cov neeg tuaj saib tau txais tos los ntawm ib tug loj malachite thaiv, uas tau tso cai rau lub mining tsev cia puav pheej los ntawm Catherine lub Great nws tus kheej. Qhov no yog ib chav zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev cia puav pheej, thiab nws qhia txog cov txheej txheem sau cov ntxhia.
Hall 4 "Orthosilicates"
Lub npe txawv ntawm lub tsev no tsuas yog txhais tau hais tias nws muaj cov zaub mov ntau tshaj plaws uas muaj ntau dua 75 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv ntawm zircons thiab garnets, pyropes thiab ntau lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub npe nrov Ural mines.
Hall 5 - columned
Lub tsev muaj npe li ntawd, raws li koj xav, vim muaj cov kab ntau hauv nws. Nws cov tsos tau zoo ib yam li nws tau ob puas xyoo dhau los.
Muaj cov ntxhia hauv lub tsev - txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sau cov carbonates, phosphates, Lavxias teb sab topazes thiab lwm yam.
Hall 6 "Mineralogy of deposits"
Nyob hauv chav tsev ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Petersburg, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm ntau qhov kev tso nyiaj uas twb dhau los ua classic. Muaj cov khoom sau los ntawm Slyudyanka, Murzinka, Subpolar Urals thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws rau cov mining.
Hall 7 "Stone art"
Cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tos txais qhua hauv chav tsev thib xya. Cov qauv ntawm lapis lazuli, pob zeb siv lead ua, agate, marble, amethyst, gypsum thiab ntau lwm lub pob zeb yuav txaus siab rau lub qhov muag ntawm txhua tus neeg uas tuaj txog ntawm kev mus ncig ua si. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub tsev yog ib tug mus tas li exhibition ntawm toj roob hauv pes pob zeb, uas yog, lub pob zeb uas nws zoo nkaus li zoo li toj roob hauv pes.
Room 7a - Cadets
chav tsev tshiab no muaj cov rooj zaum thiab txhua yam khoom siv tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev qhuab qhia thiab kev sib tham. Cov yeeb yaj kiab kev tshawb fawb tau pom ntawm no, thematic exhibitions tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov qauv ntawm nws sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub chav no yog ib tug sau ntawm cov roj thiab roj cov khoom uas yog Ameslikas los ntawm Baku, yav tas los nws belongs rau Alexander peb.
Hall 8 "cov cuab yeej siv mining"
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov qauv ntawm kev siv mining, mining thiab metallurgical cov cuab yeej siv hauv mining nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv thoob plaws ob lub xyoo pua.
Cov khoom no tau pib sib sau ua ke kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem paub cov txheej txheem tshiab zoo dua. Cov qauv tau ua ob qho tib si ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm Lavxias thiab tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws.
Hall 9 "Art Casting"
Hauv chav koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj hlau: cam khwb cia hlau, bronze duab puab, Zlatoust steel thiab lwm yam zoo nkaujcov qauv qhia rau sawv daws. Cov khoom sau tau pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, tab sis lub xyoo pua 19th tau coj nws qhov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws.
Chav thib kaum yog chav sib tham. Peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm nws thiab yuav ncaj nraim mus rau lwm tus.
Hall 11 "Quaternary geology"
Qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev no qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws hauv geology - Quaternary. Nov yog lub sijhawm uas txiv neej tshwm sim.
Hall 12 "Historical Geology"
Keeb kwm ntawm geology - yog qhov khoom pov thawj ntawm kaum ob chav qhia txog. Minerals, pob zeb, fauna thiab flora, nrog rau cov sawv thiab paintings muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm geology.
Lwm lub tsev
Peb yuav qhia koj luv luv txog cov chav hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum peb, koj muaj peev xwm pom collections ntawm vertebrates ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm, nrog rau cov skeletons ntawm ancient cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub fauna. Lub kaum plaub chav tsev yog ib chav rau cov menyuam yau tshaj plaws, uas muaj cov khoom siv multimedia uas tso cai rau koj los ua ntau yam kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau menyuam yaus. Lub kaum tsib chav ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej qhia meteorites - hlau, pob zeb thiab hlau-pob zeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv kaum rau, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj uas qhia txog cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab txog nws txoj kev kawm (glaciers, karsts, tectonic daim hlau, dej ntws thiab pas dej - tag nrho cov no nyob ntawm no). Minerals ntawm ntau hom yog nyob rau hauv lub kaum xya chav, thaum lub tsev naj npawb kaum yim muaj expositions uas qhia txog lub geology ntawm St. Petersburg thiab cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv particular, nws yog nthuav nyob rau hauv hais tias nws nthuav lub pob zeb los ntawm uas feem ntauCov duab puab nto moo ntawm lub nroog ntawm Neva, nrog rau cov chaw nres tsheb metro. Hall kaum cuaj yog ib lub tsev, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom pov thawj hauv nws: cov qauv ua tes loj. Raws li rau lub nees nkaum, kawg, chav, nws yog hu ua "Petralogy" thiab muaj cov qauv ntawm sedimentary, metamorphic thiab igneous pob zeb los ntawm ntau lub cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws.
Qee cov neeg nyeem tsis txaus siab tuaj yeem thuam peb: nws tau hais txog nees nkaum ib lub tsev, tab sis tsuas yog nees nkaum ntawm lawv tau hu ua! Txawm li cas los xij, nees nkaum thawj kuj muaj npe - qhov no yog Hall 7a, qhib peb xyoos dhau los.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav qhia koj txog hom uas St. Petersburg Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais nws cov neeg tuaj saib, nrog rau qhov chaw nyob nws nyob thiab yuav mus li cas.
sijhawm ua haujlwm
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj raws li hauv qab no: txij hnub Monday txog Thursday - txij 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj, hnub Friday lub tsev khaws puav pheej kaw ib teev ua ntej. Hnub no, uas yog, hnub ua haujlwm, kev ncig xyuas pab pawg muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej (uas yog, lawv coj cov koom haum pab pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab lwm yam). Koj yuav tsum sau npe ua ntej, nws raug nquahu kom xa daim ntawv thov tsawg kawg ib hlis ua ntej hnub xav tau.
Hnub Saturday muaj kev coj mus ncig ua si rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Lawv pib thaum kaum ib tag kis sawv ntxov thiab ib tav su. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem zoo li ntawd - koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej mining ua ntej thiab sau npe (koj tuaj yeem hu rau txhua lub lim tiam ua ntej hnub Saturday xav tau). Pawg ntawm 25 tus neeg raug xaiv - ob zaug. Hnub Sunday yog hnub so.
Txhua yam koj xav taucov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem qhia meej los ntawm kev hu mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lawv tau teev nyob rau hauv lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm Mining Institute nyob rau hauv nqe lus rau Mining Museum.
Yuav ua li cas nrhiav
Qhov chaw nyob ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej, xav tsis thoob, coincides nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tus kheej - Vasilyevsky Island, nees nkaum-thawj kab, tsev thib ob.
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev mus rau lub koom haum nrog lub tsev cia puav pheej: koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm Vasileostrovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb thiab caij tsheb npav No. 1, 128 thiab 152 lossis minibuses 309 thiab 359. lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ntawm Lieutenant Schmidt embankment.
Reviews
Cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Mining Institute ntawm St. Petersburg nco ntsoov ob qho tib si zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no. Ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws collections, stunning kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub halls, amazing interiors, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm exhibits. Lawv kuj hais lus zoo txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhia, tsis nco qab txog kev nthuav dav, muaj sia nyob, muaj yeeb yuj zaj dab neeg. Tab sis ntawm cov minuses yog nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab tsis muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv nws li ntawd. Tib neeg kuj yws txog qhov txwv tsis pub thaij duab khaws cia.
Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw yuav tsum-pom hauv lub nroog zoo nkauj no!
