Lavxias tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov: biography, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb

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Lavxias tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov: biography, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb
Lavxias tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov: biography, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Lavxias tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov: biography, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Lavxias tus kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov: biography, achievements thiab nthuav tseeb
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Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich - tus kws kes duab vajtse nrog tsab ntawv loj. Master ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Architecture, tus tsim ntawm Livadia Palace. Nws kuj yog tus npaj lub nroog ntawm Y alta. Yuav ua li cas lwm tus Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub Crimea? Peb yuav tham txog qhov no ntxiv.

Krasnov yog tus kws kos duab, tus tsim, tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Arts. Nyob rau hauv Y alta nws yog tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse (1888-1899). Nikolai Petrovich tau tsiv mus rau Yugoslavia xyoo 1920.

N. P. Krasnov txhim tsa ntau lub palaces commissioned los ntawm Romanov tsev neeg. Lawv nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Cov npe ntawm lawv ib txhia yog Livadia thiab Kharaks palaces, lub portal ntawm lub nroog da dej, thiab hais txog.

Tus kws txawj ntse no yog tus tsim lub sijhawm nws lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv nws cov luxurious complexes, nyob rau hauv elegant mansions, tus creator ua ke sib txawv hom ntawm architectural kos duab. Feem ntau nws nyiam cov Gothic, Romanesque thiab Neo-Renaissance styles. Tom qab ntawd nws los rau niaj hnub.

Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich
Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich

Kub yau. Cov tub ntxhais kawm

Tus tsim nto moo yog ib tug tub ua liaj ua teb. Biography ntawm Nikolai PetrovichKrasnova pib nyob rau hauv 1864. Lawv muab nws ua kevcai raus dej nyob rau hauv lub monastery Novinsky. Tus tsim yav tom ntej ntawm lub palaces nyob hauv lub zos ntawm Khonyatino. Thaum Nikolai tsuas yog 12 xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1876 nws txiav txim siab mus kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug prestigious architecture chav kawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab capital. Nws nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting thiab Architecture nkaus xwb ntawm nws tus kheej thiab kawm tiav nrog ib qho khoom plig nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1883, nws nthuav nws thawj daim duab ntawm lub tsev "Theatre tsis raug hluav taws", thiab tau txais ib tug silver puav pheej rau nws, tseem yog ib tug me me los ntawm Moscow Art Society. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev qhuas qhuas no, Krasnov tsis tuaj yeem them tag nrho 30 rubles rau nws txoj kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Txhua lub sij hawm kawm nyob rau hauv lub Academy, yav tom ntej kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog nws niam. Lawv nyob tsis zoo, sim cawm me me txhais tau tias.

Nws txoj haujlwm tom ntej tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig Grand Silver Medal. Cov neeg nrhiav nrhiav tshaj plaws ntawm cov palaces hauv Crimea tom qab ntawd tsis lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb vim qhov tsis meej ntawm nws qhov project. Xyoo 1885, Nikolai tseem tau txais txiaj ntsig Grand Medal. Architects nyiam nws qhov project hu ua "Gymnasium". Xws li ib tug honorary puav pheej muab nws lub npe ntawm ib tug artist ntawm peb degree. Nikolai Petrovich tam sim no muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tsim tej yaam num. Tom qab 10 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv txoj haujlwm, tus kws kos duab kuj tuaj yeem tau txais kev qhuas tus kheej ntawm lub tebchaws.

Nikolai Petrovich krasnov ua dab tsi
Nikolai Petrovich krasnov ua dab tsi

Y alta lub nroog npaj

Xyoo 1887 nws tsiv mus rau Y alta. Thaum nws muaj 23 xyoos xwb, nws tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus thawj coj hauv nroog Y alta.

Tus kws kos duab Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov tam sim ntawd pib txhim kho lub nroog. Nws nthuav lub embankment, paves lub kav dej. Krasnov kuj tsim ob lub gymnasiums - txiv neej thiab poj niam. Nyob ze ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov poj niam, nws tau nruab ib lub chaw ua si. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Florentine, Nikolai Petrovich tsim ib tug boarding lub tsev, nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance hom - lub tsev teev ntuj, nrog rau lub gymnasium tsev kho mob.

Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim lub tsev nthuav dav tsis deb ntawm cov tub hluas lub gymnasium. Nws tau koom nrog keeb kwm, kws tshawb fawb A. L. Berthier-Delagard. Lub tsev loj muaj ob pem teb, ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis style. Lub tsev loj yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim daj-cream xim. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm cov décor dawb, thiab saum lub qhov rais koj tuaj yeem pom cov xim pleev xim ntawm cov zaub hom.

Nikolay Petrovich krasnov ua dab tsi rau Crimea
Nikolay Petrovich krasnov ua dab tsi rau Crimea

Architect Mansions

Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo ntawm Crimea Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov tsim nws tus kheej thiab ob lub tsev uas yog nws. Nws thawj lub tsev nyob ntawm Pushkin Boulevard. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub neo-Greek architectural daim ntawv nyob rau hauv 1888. Qhov thib ob-storey tsev loj nyob rau hauv Nikolai Street, Zarechye. Tseem muaj ib tug neeg saib xyuas lub tsev, ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab ib lub pob zeb tawm ntawm ib pem teb. Hauv lub tsev loj no, Krasnov feem ntau ua haujlwm thiab tau txais cov qhua thiab cov neeg siv khoom zoo.

Lub teb chaws

Nyob rau xyoo 1907, ntawm kev caw ntawm Felix Yusupov, tus kws kes duab vajtse rov tsim lub teb chaws hauv Koreiz. Yog li ntawd, lub "Pink House" tig los ntawm lub fortress mus rau hauv lub palace. Cov style ntawm lub tsev evokes lub Italian Nrab Hnub nyoog. Qhov rais - arches ntawm ob pem teb yog framed nrog scalloped décor. Lub tsev no yog ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv tebchaws Ltalis rov qab mus rau 12th-14th centuries.

Nyob rau hauv 1899 Krasnov tau los uatus tswv cuab ntawm lub commission rau kev kho dua qub Khan lub palace nyob rau hauv Bakhchisarai.

Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo heev ntawm Crimea Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov
Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo heev ntawm Crimea Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov

Palaces thiab tsev tsev

Ancient Tatar cov tsev ntawm lub nroog tus kws kos duab thaij duab, kos duab, ua duab kos. Nws tau txais kev paub zoo thiab siv nws ntxiv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub palaces: lub tsev ntawm tus neeg pleev kob G. Yartsev, Y alta vaj tse ntawm Bulgakov tsev neeg.

Ntawm ntug dej ntawm Y alta, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim cov tsev so muaj koob npe thiab cov tsev lag luam xaj los ntawm cov neeg lag luam Lavxias. Qhov no yog chav tsev "Mariino", lub tsev so peb-zaj dab neeg "Saint Petersburg" (tsim raws li cov canons ntawm Italian Renaissance).

Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau koom tes nrog suav A. A. Mordvinov, uas nws tau tsim ib lub tsev nyob hauv tsev. Nws ua tiav qhov project hauv nruj "neo-Renaissance". Tam sim no, cov tsev tsev tsev so, khw.

Kev muag khoom

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub embankment, Krasnov tsim khw arcades rau ib tug tub luam los ntawm lub peev N. D. Stakheev. Cov kab yog ua nyob rau hauv architectural configuration ntawm lub renaissance. Rau tib cov tub lag luam, nws kuj tsim cov tsev nyob hauv Alushta, ze ntawm tus dej Demerdzhi. Sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj suav nrog feem ntau marble zoo li limestone. Lub tsev sophisticated sawv rau hnub no ntawm cov Himalayan cedars thiab zoo li organic heev.

Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich tus kws kes duab vajtse
Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich tus kws kes duab vajtse

Nyob zoo tus neeg. Iconic ua haujlwm

Dab tsi ntxiv Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov ua rau Crimea? Tus kws kes duab vajtse hauv xyoo 1913 tau xa ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm nws cov creations mus rau Academy of Arts thiaj li tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm. Sau npemuaj ntau tshaj 60 txoj haujlwm.

Xib fwb Batuev lub tsev loj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Art Nouveau architecture tshwm ntawm cov hauj lwm. Muaj lwm yam palaces nyob rau hauv tib style nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimea. Cov no yog tej hauj lwm ntawm architectural art li "Kuchuk-Lambat", lub "Xenia" tsev loj, muaj feem xyuam rau sab qaum teb modernism, thiab lwm yam.

Nikolai Krasnov qhuas Renaissance architecture. Nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub Renaissance, nto moo Livadia Palace tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm huab tais. Thiab los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev loj ntawm Princess Baryatinsky ua pa ntawm Renaissance.

Feem ntau, kev tsim ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, zoo li ntau tus kws tsim vaj tsev ntawm nws lub sijhawm, yog ua los ntawm kev xav ntawm eclecticism. Nws suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog lub tsev ntawm Mutual Credit Society.

Tus kws tsim vaj tsev zoo tsis tau tso tseg ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj xwb. Ntau lub tuam tsev Y alta tau ua los ntawm nws. Nws yog tus tsim lub ntsiab ntawm Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Nws qhov project belongs rau P. K. Terebenev. Tag nrho cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev, icons, paintings yog ua raws li Krasnov's sketches. Nws tus kheej kuj tau los ua tus sau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas nyob rau hauv lub qub Lavxias teb sab style, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub Y alta embankment. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX. Nikolai Petrovich coj, raws li tus sau, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Catholic. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua raws li tag nrho cov neo-Gothic canons.

Daim duab zoo kawg no ua haujlwm hauv Crimea txog peb caug xyoo. Nws tau ua tiav lub npe ntawm Architect ntawm Nws Majesty's Supreme Court. Academician ntawm Academy of Arts ntawm St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv 1917 nws kuj los ua ib tug tiag tiag lub xeev councilor.

Biography ntawm Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich
Biography ntawm Krasnov Nikolai Petrovich

Nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig

Tab sis tag nrhoCov txiaj ntsig no tsis pab Krasnov nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, qee cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias nyob hauv M alta. Academician Nikolai Krasnov nws tus kheej tau pom nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm 1920. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me profile ntawm ib tug nto moo neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, ib tug pom kev tu siab ntawm ib tug txawj ntse creator. Nws los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis raug yuam kom khiav tawm ntawm Niam Txiv.

"Sailed rau M alta ntawm Bermudian. Hnub tim - Tsib Hlis 1919. Tuaj txog nrog tsev neeg. Anna Mikhailovna, tus poj niam, 55 xyoo; cov ntxhais Olga (30 xyoo) thiab Vera (24 xyoo); tus tub xeeb ntxwv Horvat Leonid, 29; tub xeeb ntxwv Vladimir 6 xyoo. Nyob mus tas li hauv Y alta. Cov ntaub ntawv, shares tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug Moscow bank; tsis muaj cov khoom siv; xav ua hauj lwm los ntawm txoj hauj lwm; Kuv xav mus rau Crimea tom qab qhov xwm txheej zoo dua. Qhov chaw: cov kob ntawm M alta, ib qho chaw rau cov neeg tawg rog. Hnub tim: Lub Rau Hli 25, 1920."

Cov neeg tawg rog los ntawm kev tawm tsam Russia nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Belgrade los ntawm 1922 txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej (1939). Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, nws ua ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm palaces. Ntau lub tsev kev cai dab qhuas thiab pej xeem tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws kev saib xyuas. Nyob rau hauv tsev, tus kws kes duab vajtse yog undeservedly tsis nco qab lawm. Nws cov vaj tse raug rau txim, lawv cov txuj ci zoo nkauj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev tau raug hu mus rau lo lus nug. Nikolai Petrovich tau faus rau hauv New Cemetery ntawm Belgrade, nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws lub ntxa yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub monument rau Emperor Nicholas II, uas feem ntau tau xaj ua haujlwm ntawm architecture los ntawm nws.

dab tsi Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov pom nyob rau hauv Crimea
dab tsi Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov pom nyob rau hauv Crimea

Nco nco tus kws kes duab vajtse

Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg tseem ceeb no tau dhau los lawmsib tham. Ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab cov rooj sib tham tau teeb tsa hauv Y alta. Lawv qhia txog nws cov txuj ci zoo, txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub tsev. Cov ntawv sau txog Nikolai Petrovich, cov ntaub ntawv raug luam tawm. Thiab txawm tias ib txoj kev ntawm Y alta muaj npe tom qab nws. Ntxiv mus, 2009 nyob rau hauv lub tshav ntuj lub nroog tau tshaj tawm hais tias lub xyoo ntawm tus txawj ntse architect. Nws ua hauj lwm hnyav los tsim ib lub chaw so, sov Y alta txoj kev tam sim no.

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