Reclamation ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis

Cov txheej txheem:

Reclamation ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis
Reclamation ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis

Video: Reclamation ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis

Video: Reclamation ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis
Video: Vajtswv Txoj Lus | “Koj Puas Yog Ib Tug Neeg Uas Tau Los Muaj Txoj Sia?” 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Qhov teeb meem ntawm pov tseg niaj hnub no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho, cais cov khib nyiab cais tawm, uas ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov txheej txheem ntxiv lossis pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov pov tseg rau niaj hnub no raug coj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg, ntau yam tsis ua raws li kev cai huv thiab huv. Muaj txawm tias cov uas raug tsim los ntawm tus kheej, tsis ua raws li cov cai thiab cov cai. Lawv muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws rau ib puag ncig.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau

Txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pov tseg yog kev tsim cov khoom siv pov tseg. Muaj xws li kev lag luam hauv Russia, tab sis lawv tsawg heev. Cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab tam sim no tau tsim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Tab sis yuav ua li cas rau qhov qub chaw pov tseg, qhov twg cov khib nyiab tau muab pov tseg rau ntau xyoo lawm? Cov vaj tse nyob tau nkag mus ze rau ntau ntawm lawv, vim tias cov nroog loj tuaj thiab nthuav dav. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yogrecultivation ntawm landfills, uas tso cai rau txo lawv qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov cheeb tsam nyob ze.

pov tseg
pov tseg

Dumps hauv Russia

Ntau qhov chaw pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim "ntev" hauv cov chaw txua txiag zeb thiab lub qhov tso tseg, thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau coj mus rau qhov ntawd. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, muaj txog 11 txhiab qhov chaw pov tseg hauv lub tebchaws, tab sis cov no tsuas yog cov uas raug suav hais tias yog li ntawd. Ntau qhov chaw pov tseg loj loj yog nyob ze lub nroog loj. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw pov tseg "Salaryevo" nyob rau hauv Moscow, tsis deb ntawm lub tsev loj loj tau tsim. Tus tsim tawm thov hais tias thaj chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw yuav muaj ib puag ncig zoo vim yog qhov chaw pov tseg. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau qhov kev ntsuas rau ecological thiab kev lag luam rov qab los ntawm cov chaw muaj kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw pov tseg yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw nyob ze.

khib nyiab
khib nyiab

Landfill reclamation method

Kev rov ua kom muaj roj ntsha muaj cov txheej txheem los txhawb lub cev ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg thiab cog ntau yam nroj tsuag rau ntawm nws. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov av pov tseg, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tsim cov leachate, uas tshwm sim thaum cov dej nkag mus rau hauv lub cev pov tseg. Ib qho screen yog tsim los saum toj no cov pov tseg, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus thiab zam qhov tsos ntawm ib qho tsis kaj siab tsw. Qhov chaw pov tseg yuav raug cais tawm ntawm ib puag ncigib puag ncig. Raws li ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov dej ntws uas cov dej xau seem yuav poob.

Txoj kev rov ua dua

Yog qhov chaw pov tseg me me, ces muaj ob txoj hauv kev los rov qab:

  • cov ntsiab lus tau rov qab thiab thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw pov tseg;
  • cov ntsiab lus raug tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw.

Yog tias qhov chaw pov tseg loj yuav tsum tau rov qab, tsuas muaj ib qho kev xaiv - kho cov pa phem hauv qhov chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg yog qhov muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv nrog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv yog tsim los tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg los ntawm kev ya raws ingress, thiab lub cev degassing yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem lom neeg, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nroj tsuag, shrubs thiab ntoo raug cog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov qub pov tseg. Ib qho kev xaiv nrov rau kev siv tom ntej ntawm thaj chaw yog kev tsim cov chaw ua si hauv hav zoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw ua kis las raug tsim los ntawm cov chaw xws li, piv txwv li, cov chaw caij ski lossis chaw ua si rau cov kis las loj.

landfill reclamation
landfill reclamation

Kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg kom tsawg kawg nkaus rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.

Feem ntau, cov theem hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

  • design;
  • tsim kev kwv yees rau kev rov ua dua ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg rau MSW (khoom khib nyiab hauv nroog);
  • paj thiab ntxiv dag zog rau qhov nqes hav ntawm lub cev pov tseg;
  • tsim kev tiv thaiv dej hauv av;
  • tsim kev tiv thaivnpo;
  • tsim kom muaj qhov tso dej rau kev sib sau ntawm cov kua qaub;
  • kev koom tes ntawm lub tshuab degassing;
  • tsim kev rov qab npog ntawm lub cev pov tseg;
  • npaj av;
  • sowing noob, landscaping.

Txhua qhov chaw pov tseg yuav kaw sai lossis tom qab. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj chaw pov tseg ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov av no tsis tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub xeev zoo li no, yog li ntawd lawv yuav raug rov tsim dua tshiab. Vim lub fermentation ntawm cov organic pov tseg, cov pa roj av yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov cub. Cov pa roj thiab nkev ua ke ua ib qho kev sib tov uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw. Qhov tso pa tawm ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg ua rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg hauv lub cev ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. Txhawm rau zam tag nrho cov no, cov tshuab tso pa tawm tau tsim. Los ntawm lawv, cov roj nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev cia khoom, qhov twg nws raug ntxuav ntawm cov teeb meem impurities, tom qab uas nws tau hlawv los yog siv roj. Yog li ntawd, lub degassing ntawm lub cev landfill yog nqa tawm.

Muab pov tseg rau tsev neeg pov tseg
Muab pov tseg rau tsev neeg pov tseg

Cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab

Muaj kwv yees li 240 cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia, tab sis tus lej no qhia meej tsis txaus rau lub tebchaws loj. Xws li cov nroj tsuag yog complexes ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus unloading landfills uas twb muaj lawm thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov no los ntawm kev ua cov pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom tshiab. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xav tau kev lag luam pov tseg yog mob hnyav heev hauv peb lub teb chaws, yog liYuav ua li cas tus naj npawb ntawm landfills loj hlob txhua hnub.

tsob ntoo rov ua haujlwm li cas

Cov khoom siv pov tseg niaj hnub:

  • khib nyiab sorting;
  • rov ua dua ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob, tsim cov peev txheej rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab;
  • Kev rhuav tshem cov pov tseg uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev rov ua dua.

Ntau yam khoom lag luam yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg: ntawv tso quav, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hauv tsev (thoob, phiab, thawv) thiab ntau ntxiv.

Cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab
Cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab

Rau ib lub tebchaws uas muaj pov tseg ntau, cov nroj tsuag rov ua dua yog tib txoj kev daws teeb meem.

Zoo kawg

Kev rov ua dua ntawm cov chaw pov tseg uas tau tso tseg yog qhov zoo ib yam uas tso cai rau kev txhim kho ecological teeb meem thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cua sov cov neeg nyob ze. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, cov txheej txheem no tau kho nrog kev ncaj ncees, tab sis rau Russia qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov tshiab. Coob leej ntseeg tias nyob ze qhov chaw pov tseg, txawm tias cov uas tau ua dua tshiab, yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas nyob ze cov chaw pov tseg tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem, mob taub hau, thiab malaise. Tej zaum cov no tsuas yog kev ntxub ntxaug xwb, vim hais tias niaj hnub txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab tso cai kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem.

Daim duab hauv av
Daim duab hauv av

Qhov teeb meem ntawm khib nyiab tam sim no tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub tebchaws, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg nyob hauv, piav qhiavim li cas koj thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem pov tseg cov roj teeb, cov ntsuas mercury nrog lwm cov pov tseg. Tab sis qhov kev cia siab tseem ceeb yog muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia, uas yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tom ntej. Kev ua haujlwm yuav siv cov cuab yeej siv Japanese, uas yuav ua rau lawv zoo heev. Vam tias, qhov no yuav pab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug.

Pom zoo: