Aldo Rossi (1931-1997) tau ua tiav raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv, kws kos duab, tus kws qhia thiab kws kos duab tsis yog hauv nws haiv neeg Ltalis nkaus xwb tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Sau ntawv thuam thiab keeb kwm Vincent Scully piv nws rau tus kws kos duab-tus kws kos duab Le Corbusier. Ada Louise Huxtable, tus kws tshaj lij kev tsim vaj tsev thiab Pritzker Prize tus thawj coj, tau piav qhia Rossi li "tus kws sau paj huam uas tau los ua tus kws tsim qauv."
Biography
Rossi yug hauv Milan, Ltalis, qhov chaw nws txiv yog tus tsim tsheb kauj vab. Qhov kev lag luam no, nws hais tias, tau tsim los ntawm nws yawg. Raws li ib tug neeg laus thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Rossi tau txais nws txoj kev kawm thaum ntxov ntawm Lake Como thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Lecco. Tsis ntev tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws nkag mus hauv Politecnico di Milano, kawm tiav hauv architecture hauv 1959. Rossi yog tus editor ntawm architectural magazine Casabella los ntawm 1955 txog 1964.
Architectural projects
Txawm hais tias nws txoj kev xav thaum ntxov rau zaj duab xis maj mam hloov mus rau kev tsim vaj tsev, nws tseem muaj kev txaus siab heevmus ua yeeb yam. Nws tus kheej tau hais tias: "Nyob rau hauv tag nrho kuv cov architecture, kuv ib txwm qhia lub ntxim nyiam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam." Rau Venice Biennale xyoo 1979, nws tau tsim lub Teatro del Mondo, lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntab ua ke los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Biennale.
Rossi piav txog qhov project li "qhov chaw uas architecture xaus thiab lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev xav tau pib." Ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm kawg yog lub tsev tseem ceeb rau Genoa, Teatro Carlo Felice, uas yog National Opera House. Hauv tebchaws Canada, Rossi thawj qhov haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub poob Hemisphere tau ua tiav xyoo 1987 nrog Lighthouse Theatre hauv Toronto ua rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Ontario.
Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv A Scientific Autobiography, nws piav txog lub tsheb sib tsoo uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1971 uas yog qhov hloov pauv hauv nws lub neej, qhov kawg ntawm nws cov hluas thiab qhov project txhawb siab rau lub toj ntxas hauv Modena. Thaum nws tseem nyob hauv tsev kho mob, nws pib xav txog cov nroog uas yog cov chaw pw hav zoov zoo ntawm cov neeg nyob, thiab cov toj ntxas ua cov nroog ntawm cov neeg tuag. Aldo Rossi tus tsim rau San Cataldo tojntxas yeej thawj khoom plig hauv kev sib tw xyoo 1971.
Kev tsim vaj tsev nyob
Yuav luag tib lub sijhawm, Aldo Rossi thawj qhov chaw nyob tau tsim nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Milan. Lub npe Gallaratese (1969-1973), nws cov qauv yog ob lub tsev sib cais los ntawm qhov nqaim. Ntawm qhov project no, Rossi tau hais tias: "Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vim qhov yooj yim ntawm nws tsim, uas tso cai rau nws rov ua dua." Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau tsim ntau yam kev daws teeb meem vaj tsev, los ntawm kev xav tau rautsev tsev thiab tsev so.
Lub Tsev Pocono Pines hauv Pocono, Pennsylvania yog ib lub tsev ua tiav thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv Galveston, Texas, ib qho chaw loj heev rau lub nroog tau ua tiav. Hauv Coral Gables, Florida, University of Miami tau txib Aldo Rossi los tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab ntawm architecture.
Lwm cov vaj tsev nyob suav nrog lub tsev nyob hauv thaj chaw Berlin-Tiergarten ntawm West Germany thiab lwm qhov haujlwm hu ua "Sudlice Friedrichstadt" (1981 - 1988). Muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Nws lub tsev so thiab tsev noj mov complex Il Palazzo hauv Fukuoka, Nyiv, ua rau xyoo 1989, yog lwm qhov ntawm nws cov kev daws teeb meem.
Key Ideas
Thaum tus kws kos duab tau nthuav tawm ntawm Harvard rau kev qhuab qhia, Architecture Department Thawj Tswj Hwm José Rafael Moneo tau hais tias: "Thaum cov neeg keeb kwm yav tom ntej nrhiav kev piav qhia vim li cas qhov kev puas tsuaj uas cuam tshuam rau peb lub nroog tau hloov pauv, nws lub npe yuav zoo li ib qho ntawm cov no. uas tau pab tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm ntse dua thiab muaj kev hwm dua."
Aldo Rossi tau tawm tswv yim txog kev siv ntau yam ntawm cov tsev tsim thiab saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas lub tsev tau tsim. Qhov no postmodern mus kom ze, hu ua neo-rationalism, sawv cev rau lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm austere classicism. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws paub txog nws cov phau ntawv, ntau cov duab kos duab thiab duab kos duab, rooj tog tsim.
Hauv xyoo 1966, tus kws kos duab luam tawm L'architettura dellacittà ("Kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub nroog"), los ntawm qhov uas nws tau tsim nws tus kheej ua tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb theorist. Nov yog ib phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Aldo Rossi. Hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws tau sib cav tias architecture tau tsim qee cov ntawv txuas ntxiv thiab cov tswv yim dhau los ntawm nws keeb kwm, mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm kev nco ua ke uas hla cov qauv thiab cov qauv.
Rau nws, lub nroog niaj hnub no yog "khoom cuav" ntawm cov vaj tsev nyob niaj hnub no. Es tsis txhob rhuav tshem cov ntaub no nrog stunning tshiab, ib tus kheej architecture, nws tau sib cav hais tias architects yuav tsum hwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub nroog thiab nws cov architecture thiab siv cov hom no. Txoj hauj lwm no yog hu ua neo-rationalist vim nws hloov kho cov tswv yim ntawm Italian rationalist architects ntawm lub 20s thiab 30s, uas kuj nyiam ib tug txwv ntau yam ntawm lub tsev hom. Nws kuj tau qee zaum raug cais raws li ib tug postmodernist, raws li nws tsis lees paub yam ntawm modernism thiab siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm keeb kwm styles.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm Aldo Rossi cov tswv yim txhais tau tias thaum lub sijhawm 60s thiab 70s nws yog tus kws tshaj lij thiab kws qhia ntau dua li tus kws tsim vaj tsev. Tseeb tiag, rau feem ntau ntawm 1970s thiab 1980s thaum ntxov, nws tau qhia hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv Tebchaws Meskas, suav nrog Yale thiab Cornell.
Nyob rau hauv lub 80s thiab 90s, tus kws kes duab vajtse Aldo Rossi txuas ntxiv nws tshawb nrhiav cov lus siv tsis tu ncua hauv cov tsev xws li Hotel il Palazzo (1987 - 1994) hauv Fukuoka (Nyiv) thiab Bonnefanten Tsev khaws puav pheej (1995) hauv Maastricht (Netherlands). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws architectural sketches thiab kos duabtau lees paub tias yog kev ua haujlwm hauv lawv tus kheej, tau pom hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Aldo Rossi muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nws kuj yog ib tus kws sau ntawv thiab ua haujlwm ua tus tsim qauv tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Alessi. Rossi tau txais Pritzker nqi zog hauv 1990.
