Janos Kadar. Biography ntawm ib tug nom tswv daim duab nyob rau hauv Hungary

Cov txheej txheem:

Janos Kadar. Biography ntawm ib tug nom tswv daim duab nyob rau hauv Hungary
Janos Kadar. Biography ntawm ib tug nom tswv daim duab nyob rau hauv Hungary

Video: Janos Kadar. Biography ntawm ib tug nom tswv daim duab nyob rau hauv Hungary

Video: Janos Kadar. Biography ntawm ib tug nom tswv daim duab nyob rau hauv Hungary
Video: The Lion Awakens! History of the Third Crusade (ALL PARTS - ALL BATTLES) ⚔️ FULL DOCUMENTARY 1h 30m 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Janos Kadar (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1912-1989) yog ib daim duab tsis meej. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cov phau ntawv, nws yog hu ua ib tug zoo statesman thiab politician, nyob rau hauv uas nws txoj cai Hungary ua tiav kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm stigmatize nws raws li ib tug Stalinist uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub bayonets ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog, ib tug protege ntawm lub Kremlin thiab lub organizer ntawm kev tua ntawm Imre Nagy, lub overthrown Prime Minister ntawm lub teb chaws. Leej twg tiag tiag yog Kadar, leej twg tau txais qhov Order ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav sim nkag siab txog nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis meej pem.

Janos Kadar
Janos Kadar

Janos Kadar yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 26, 1912. Nws yog tus tub tsis raug cai ntawm tus tub txib Barbola Czemranek los ntawm tub rog Janos Kresinger. Txij li thaum nws yug los nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Austro-Hungarian Empire, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Fiume (tam sim no Rijeka, nyob rau hauv Croatia), nws tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub register nyob rau hauv lub npe Giovanni Giuseppe Chemranek. Thaum tus me nyuam muaj rau xyoo, nws niam tsiv mus rau Budapest. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem theem pib, nws tau qhia lub peev xwm txawv tshaj plaw. raws li qhov zoo tshaj plawsnws cov tub ntxhais kawm raug xa mus kawm dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej nyiaj txiag hauv tsev neeg nyuaj. Janos Czemranek tau tso nws txoj kev kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum plaub thiab tau ua haujlwm ua tus pabcuam hauv lub tsev luam ntawv. Coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav suab, tab sis nws raug coj mus rau lub Communist Party … chess. Young Janos nyiam qhov kev ua si no. Thaum nws tshwm sim los yeej kev sib tw chess. Raws li ib qho khoom plig, nws tau nthuav tawm nrog ib phau ntawv los ntawm F. Engels "Anti-Dühring". Txoj hauj lwm no, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Chemranek nws tus kheej, kiag li tig nws lub siab ib ncig.

Foto Janos Kadar
Foto Janos Kadar

Kev sib txuas nrog Marxism

Janos Kadar yeej kev sib tw chess hauv xyoo 1928, thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau xyoo xwb. Ib qho teeb meem loj thiab loj hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam tau brewing. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yog thawj tus xav tias qhov kev poob qis hauv cov nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab kev ua neej nyob. Ib tug kws kho tshuab luam ntawv hluas tau pab npaj kev sib tw thiab tawm tsam. Tsoomfwv tau txwv tsis pub tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm no, thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm Chemranek raug ntes. Xyoo 1930, lub tsev luam ntawv kaw vim muaj kev kub ntxhov. Yog li cov neeg poob hauj lwm Chemranek, imbued nrog kev tawm tsam ntau dua rau cov chav kawm ntawm cov neeg siv dag zog, tau mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog Pawg Neeg Communist ntawm Hungary. Xyoo 1931 nws tau koom nrog Komsomol cell hu ua tom qab. Ya. Sverdlov thiab coj lub npe menyuam yaus hauv av ntawm Barna (Cov plaub hau daj). Thaum ntxov thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1933, nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Hluas Wing ntawm Pawg Neeg Communist hauv Budapest. Lub koom haum Soviet, uas tau txais nyiaj txiag rau lub koom haum no, tau muab nws mus kawm hauv Moscow University, tab sis cov tub ntxhais hluas Komsomol tsis kam.

Janos Kadar politician
Janos Kadar politician

Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II

Janos Kadar, uas nws biography tau los ua kev cuam tshuam nrog kev nom kev tswv, raws li Stalinist tseeb, tsis muaj dab tsi tawm tsam lub koom haum ntawm USSR nrog Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws twb tau ntxeev siab rau lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv, koom nrog pawg neeg Social Democrats xyoo 1935. Nyob ntawd nws kuj tau ua hauj lwm thiab coj mus rau hauv lub cell ntawm SDPV. Qhov tseeb, thoob plaws hauv tsov rog, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Czechoslovak "Resistance", tab sis nws tsis koom nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev ua ub no. Ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, kev tshaj tawm cov neeg tawm tsam tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tau liam tias tsim tawm tsam Hungarian Front, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg sau ib qho haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum no. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov plaub caug xyoo, nws kuj ntxeev siab rau Social Democrats, rov mus rau npe rau Pest Committee ntawm lub Communist Party ntawm Hungary. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, kev lag luam lag luam tawm: xyoo 1942 nws twb yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees, thiab xyoo 1943 - Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Nyab Laj.

Janos Kadar thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Janos Kadar thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

Kev ua haujlwm hauv Soviet Union

Lub Plaub Hlis 1944, Janos Kadar raug ntes hauv Serbia rau kev tso tseg. Nws khiav dim. Thaum nkaum, nws coj lwm lub npe - Kadar (Cooper), uas txij li tam sim no los ua nws lub xeem. Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1964, tus thawj coj ntawm lub USSR, sim qhia nws cov phooj ywg raws li ib tug "zoo fighter tawm tsam fascism", muab tsub lub title ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab nthuav cov khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd - Order of Lenin thiab lub hnub qub kub puav pheej. Thaum Hungary tau dim ntawm fascism, Kadar, lub sijhawm ntawd twb yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm NKVD, tau raug xaiv los ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Lub Tebchaws, nrog rau tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj (VKP). NrogTxij thaum ntawd los, nws txoj haujlwm tau nce siab. Xyoo 1946, nws twb dhau los ua Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Soviet Union. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm 1945 txog 1948, nws tau ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv nroog. Thiab thaum kawg, thaum Lub Yim Hli 1948, nws tau raug xaiv tsa Minister ntawm Sab hauv ntawm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv no ncej, nws pib ntes Laszlo Raiko, liam nws ntawm anti-Soviet kev ua ub no. Tau dhau los ua tus neeg sib tw muaj peev xwm ntawm Stalinist Mathias Rakosi, Kadar tau raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab dhau los ua tus neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj nws tus kheej. Nws raug tso tawm xyoo 1956 xwb.

Janos Kadar xyoo ntawm lub neej
Janos Kadar xyoo ntawm lub neej

Janos Kadar: tus nom tswv ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tsis txaus siab rau tus qauv ntawm kev tswj hwm lub tebchaws tau tshwm sim hauv Hungary. Tus tswvcuab ntawm tsoomfwv Imre Nagy tau txhawb nqa kev koom tes nrog cov koomhaum ua lag luam, tso tawm cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv, thiab tshem tawm censorship. Janos Kadar thawj zaug txhawb nqa txoj kev nom kev tswv no thiab txawm tshaj tawm tias nws yuav tsum tso tseg thawj lub tank Lavxias uas hla ciam teb Hungarian nrog nws lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nws sai sai ua hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 30, 1956 nws tau raug xaiv tsa nom tswv nyob rau hauv lub txee coj los ntawm Nadia. Tab sis twb nyob rau thawj lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Kadar khiav tawm ntawm Hungary thiab ntsib nrog Nikita Khrushchev hauv Uzhgorod, uas muab nws cov lus qhia meej txog kev tsim cov tswj hwm los ntawm USSR. Ib lub lim tiam tom qab, tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab nrog cov tub rog Soviet rov qab los rau Budapest.

The era of "goulash communism"

Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 1956 Kadar tshaj tawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub hwj chim. Nadia thiab nws cov neeg koom tes tau nrhiav lub tsev vwm nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Yugoslav Embassy. Kadar tau cog lus rau nws cov neeg koom nrog yav dhau lostag nrho amnesty. Tab sis thaum Nadia tawm ntawm lub Embassy, nws raug ntes thiab tua ob xyoos tom qab ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Janos Kadar, uas nws daim duab tseem muaj kev hwm los ntawm cov neeg laus ntawm Hungarians, yog ib tus kws tshaj lij nom tswv. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav Prague, nws tau tswj kom nyem tawm ntawm nws tus khub zoo, USSR, cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws rau nws lub tebchaws. Pheej yig Soviet roj thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm kev lag luam, Hungary txoj kev qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi los ntawm cov peev txheej tau ua rau lub tebchaws muaj kev vam meej ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Lub sijhawm ntawm "goulash communism" xaus txawm tias ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR. Twb tau nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1988, Kadar raug tshem tawm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab, Lub Xya Hli 6, nws tuag.

Pom zoo: