Insterburg Castle: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb

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Insterburg Castle: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb
Insterburg Castle: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb

Video: Insterburg Castle: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb

Video: Insterburg Castle: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb
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Anonim

Insterburg Castle nyob hauv thaj av Kaliningrad. Lub nroog ntawm Chernyakhiv, ntxiv rau lub tsev fuabtais, yuav muab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi xav paub ob lub tsev teev ntuj qub, lub pas dej qub thiab lub sijhawm kom hnov zoo khaws cia German architecture.

Kev piav qhia

Insterburg Castle (Kaliningrad) yog ib lub tsev qub qub nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 14th, lub fortress ntoo pib tsim nyob rau hauv 1336 rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Teutonic Order, tus tswv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog Dietrich von Altenburg. Lub tsev ntoo ntoo thaum kawg tau hloov los ntawm lub tsev pob zeb.

Insterburg Castle belongs rau cov qauv tiv thaiv, lub pas dej uas muaj dej tau khawb ib ncig ntawm nws kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv zoo dua. Ib qho dej ntws tsis tu ncua tau muab los ntawm cov fortifications, qhov twg cov peev txheej ntawm ob lub kwj me me tau qhia. Kev tsim kho tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Prussians raug ntes nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Order.

xyoo twg lub tsev ntoo tau hloov los ntawm ib lub pob zeb, keeb kwm nyob ntsiag to, nws paub tseeb tias lub tsev fuabtais tau tawg ob zaug. Thawj zaug qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1376, thaum cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev fuabtais poob nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lithuanian tub huabtais. Sverdeyka. Lub sijhawm thib ob lub fortress raug puas tsuaj thiab hlawv yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1457, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm hostilities ntawm lub nroog ntawm Prussia. Cov phab ntsa tau poob thiab tau tsim dua tshiab, tab sis lub hauv paus, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb loj loj, tseem nyob ruaj khov, thiab niaj hnub no nws tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv yuav luag nws daim ntawv qub.

insterburg tsev fuabtais
insterburg tsev fuabtais

Purpose

Dab tsi yog Insterburg Castle hauv nws lub hom phiaj qub? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog ib tug tiv thaiv qauv tsim los tiv thaiv lub conquered thaj chaw los ntawm Lithuanian raids. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hom phiaj ua tub rog, nws tau ua qhov chaw nyob sib koom ua ke rau cov tub rog ntawm Teutonic Order, hu ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv ciam teb thiab ua tub rog ua haujlwm txhawm rau ntes thaj chaw tshiab.

insterburg tsev fuabtais
insterburg tsev fuabtais

Architecture

Insterburg Tsev fuabtais yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv uas muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb: lub citadel thiab forburg. Cov tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim nyob hauv lub citadel. Lub tsev muaj cov duab ntawm lub kaw square nrog qhov siab ntawm ob plag tsev. Kev lig kev cai, cov phab ntsa yog tuab, tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab qhov rais qhib. Sab hauv ntawm lub citadel yog lub tshav puam nrog lub qhov dej. Lub hauv paus thiab hauv qab daus ntawm lub bastion yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb qus ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxhib, cov phab ntsa tau rov ua dua los ntawm cov cib tsis tau ci. Nyob rau theem ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub citadel, nqaim loopholes tau muab los tuav cov kev tiv thaiv. Nws muaj peev xwm saib xyuas thaj chaw thiab tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev nce phab ntsa, qhov chaw uas muaj qhov chaw ncig (vergang) tau pw. Lub voj voog saib xyuas kev sib ntaus sib tua tau them nrog lub ru tsev siab gable. Ib lub qhov rooj coj mus rau lub citadel, nyob rau sab hnub poobwing.

Qhov chaw elongated ntawm lub forburg tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab, rov ua qhov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub roob. Hauv qhov no ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tub rog. Nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm forburg los ntawm thawj pem teb, qhov nkag tau los ntawm sab ntawm lub citadel. Sab saum toj thawj pem teb yog cov hlwb ntawm cov kwv tij, kev cob cog rua los ntawm ib tug sab hauv. Cov chav sib tham thiab lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv ob lub tsev sab qaum teb thiab yog ob chav tsev siab.

insterburg tsev fuabtais Kaliningrad
insterburg tsev fuabtais Kaliningrad

Castle towers

txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv, lub forburg tau nruab nrog cov yees uas tau ua haujlwm ua tub rog thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau nruab nrog lub tsev loj cuj, thiab hauv qab daus ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv muaj qhov taub. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, cov tub rog tuaj yeem tawm ntawm txoj kev hauv av. Nws coj tus pej thuam sab qaum teb, khiav hauv qab lub nkuaj thiab coj cov neeg khiav tawm mus rau tus dej.

Tag nrho cov tub rog muaj txog ob puas leej. Sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub forburg muaj cov duab octagonal, tam sim no tsuas yog lub hauv paus tseem tshuav ntawm nws. Lub pej thuam qaum teb sab hnub poob hu ua Pineturm, nws yog puag ncig, raug kev puas tsuaj loj thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab raug rhuav tshem hauv 70s, zoo li yuav luag tag nrho lub tsev fuabtais Insterburg. Keeb kwm hais tias tus pej thuam no muaj lub moos zoo nkauj thiab lub tswb nrov. Lwm qhov - sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj - pej thuam yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, nws cov architecture suav nrog lub pas dej thiab lub rooj vag tseem ceeb ua rau hauv txoj kev.

Lub tsev fuabtais tau maj mam rhuav tshem: xyoo 1684, cov neeg nyob hauv tau pom nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov splendor, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th tsuas yog ib tug pej thuam tseem nyob tsis tu ncua, cov phab ntsa.puas tsuaj.

dab tsi yog insterburg tsev fuabtais
dab tsi yog insterburg tsev fuabtais

Kings thiab riggers

Thaum nws keeb kwm, Insterburg (tsev fuabtais) tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau huab tais huab tais thiab European nom tswv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1704, lub Noble Pole Czartoryski thiab nws tsev neeg tau nkaum nyob rau hauv nws phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, nws tau mus xyuas los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tam sim no muaj koob muaj npe dynasty, rau lub sij hawm ntev tus poj huab tais ntawm Sweden Maria Eleonora nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, uas ua hauj lwm raws li kev loj hlob sai ntawm nroog infrastructure thiab kev lag luam.

Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, daim ntaub thaiv muaj koob muaj npe ploj mus los ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, thiab Insterburg Castle tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau kev siv ntau dua. Rau ob centuries (18th thiab 19th), tub rog warehouses, lub tsev hais plaub thiab av tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub complex, thaum tsov rog nrog Napoleon - ib tug infirmary thiab barracks. Nrog rau txhua qhov kev teem caij tshiab ntawm txoj kev, lub tsev fuabtais Insterburg tau rov ua dua, overgrown nrog outbuildings. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov phab ntsa, lub hauv paus thiab lub Pineturm ntauwd nrog ib tug tag nrho lub moos tseem nyob tsis tu ncua los ntawm lawv yav tas los grandeur. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb lees paub, cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv tau raug tshem tawm yam tsis tsim nyog.

Insterburg (tsev fuabtais) tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ib tau khiav los ntawm ob lub tsev haujlwm. Lub zos keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib nyob rau hauv lub citadel, lub forburg yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsev hais plaub. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua, xyoo 1945, lub complex tau puas los ntawm hluav taws thiab cua daj cua dub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, tub rog tub rog tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tseem muaj sia nyob, thiab hauv xyoo 1949 hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim hauv lub citadel. Yog li ntawd, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv tau dim, sab hauv, lub ru tsev thiab qab nthab tau hlawv tag nrho. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsom xamforburg, cib raug xa tawm mus rau Lithuania los kho cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, cov tsev thiab thaj chaw uas tseem tshuav tau pauv mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm RSU No. 1. Kev hloov pauv tom ntej ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 2010, Insterburg Castle tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub jurisdiction ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj.

tsev fuabtais insterburg modernity
tsev fuabtais insterburg modernity

Community "Castle House"

Xyoo 1997, ib pab pawg neeg nyiam tuaj rau Insterburg Castle. Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau txuas ntxiv thiab vam tias yuav muaj kev txhawb siab. Txij li thaum xyoo 1999, lub koom haum tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig "Dom-Castle". Kev ua haujlwm ntau tau ua tiav, yog li, xyoo 2003, NGO tau txais lub sijhawm ua haujlwm los ua tus neeg siv ntawm cov keeb kwm monument.

Hauv xyoo 2006, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm lub koom haum cov tswv cuab, lub tsev fuabtais complex tau suav nrog tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam "Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Russia". Cov nyiaj tau muab faib raws li qhov kev zov me nyuam ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm txuag, ua tiav ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, kos duab tsim thiab kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub monument.

insterburg tsev fuabtais Kaliningrad
insterburg tsev fuabtais Kaliningrad

Kev ua si

Kev koom tes hauv tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm raug txiav tawm vim kev hloov lub tsev fuabtais mus rau tus tswv tshiab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm "Castle House" lub koom haum, cov hauv qab no tau ua tiav thiab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm los khaws thiab nthuav keeb kwm ntawm Insterburg Castle:

  • Visitor center with information services.
  • chaw ua si rau menyuam yaus.
  • Siv cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm thiab chaw kawm kab lis kev cai.
  • Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv zos keeb kwm nthuav tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txhim kho lub nroog tau nthuav tawm, lub diorama ntawm Gross-Jägersdorf sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim.
  • Historical Laboratory yog ua haujlwm tas li.
  • Art gallery thiab lub rooj sib tham pavilion.

Lub Zej Zog "Dom-Castle" ua ntau txoj haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb txhawm rau daws teeb meem kev kawm thiab kab lis kev cai. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov neeg hauv zej zog siv zog los khaws thiab kho lub tsev Teutonic tsev fuabtais, me ntsis los ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txiav txim thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm nws nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, lawv npaj scientific thiab tswv yim rooj sab laj, seminars uas nyiam cov tub ntxhais hluas mus rau lub tsev fuabtais Insterburg.

insterburg tsev fuabtais tsev fuabtais keeb kwm
insterburg tsev fuabtais tsev fuabtais keeb kwm

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Hnub no, Insterburg tsev fuabtais complex yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev mothballed. Kev txum tim rov qab los tsis tau ua, tiam sis qhov uas tau khaws cia tsis raug puas tsuaj. Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov loj ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov phab ntsa khaws cia ntawm lub citadel, qee qhov ncav cuag lawv qhov siab qub.

Cov khoom muaj sia nyob nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub complex yog nyob rau hauv txaus siab. Koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm cov tsev ntawm lub tsev fuabtais medieval, lawv tsuas tsis muaj nyob. Tab sis ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom txoj hauv kev, lub hlwb tsim cov pej thuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus tseem muaj sia nyob, hnov ntau zaj dab neeg txog Teutonic Order, tau paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tsev fuabtais tsev neeg zej zog.

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