Lubart lub tsev fuabtais yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog Lutsk, cim lub zog ntawm thaj av Volyn. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob thiab loj tshaj plaws castles nyob rau hauv Ukraine, uas yog nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm "7 Wonders ntawm Ukraine". Nws yog nto moo rau nws cov keeb kwm nthuav, amazing architecture, amazing resilience, ib tug loj sau ntawm qub tswb, jousting tournaments thiab ntau ntxiv. Thiab lub fortress kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los piav qhia ntawm 200-hryvnia banknote.
Lubart's Castle: keeb kwm
Hnub no nws muaj peb lub npe: Lutsk (feem ntau), Upper (vim muaj dua ib nrab ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv Lutsk - Lower), thiab Lubarta.
Lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim los ntawm Rurik hauv xyoo pua 11th. Nws yog thawj zaug hais nyob rau hauv annals nyob rau hauv 1075, thaum lub fortress tiv thaiv lub siege ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Boleslav lub siab tawv, uas kav 6 lub hlis. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib lub fortification me me. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug kob uas surrounded los ntawm swamps. Xws li txoj haujlwm zoo tau muab cov tswv kom zoo dua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg invaders. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1340 thiab 1350, thaumVolhynia tau txiav txim los ntawm Lubart Gediminovich (tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Galicia-Volyn tub huabtais Andrei II Yuryevich), lub fortress twb kiag li rebuilt rau hauv ib lub cib. Cov phab ntsa tshiab tau txhim kho nyob ib puag ncig cov qub, uas tau nce thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau nce los ntawm kev tsim lub pas dej tshwj xeeb. Thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb drawbridge tau ua kom hla dhau lub moat.
Thaum kawg ntawm XIV xyoo pua, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vitovt tau los ua lub hwj chim, uas ua rau Lutsk lub nroog sab qab teb ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lithuania. Nyob rau hauv nws, lub nroog vam meej thiab dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv, kev ntseeg thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Volyn, thiab Lubart lub tsev fuabtais tau txais cov duab uas nws muaj rau niaj hnub no. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub princely palace ntawm lub tsev fuabtais uas lub rooj sib tham ntawm European monarchs coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1429. Nws daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv Tebchaws Europe los ntawm Ottoman invaders thiab lwm yam teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum Vytautas tuag, nws tus tij laug Svidrigailo los ua tub huabtais, thaum lub sij hawm nws lub sij hawm perestroika tau ua tiav tag nrho. Yog vim li cas Lutsk fortress feem ntau hu ua lub tsev fuabtais ntawm peb princes.
Siege Resistance
Nws zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis Lubart lub tsev fuabtais hauv Lutsk tseem nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo, txawm hais tias nws tau tiv thaiv ntau qhov kev tawm tsam dhau nws keeb kwm ntau pua xyoo. Tom qab Boleslav lub siab tawv, cov ntoo citadel nyob rau hauv 1149 sim mus ntes lub Rostov-Suzdal thiab Kyiv tub huabtais Yuri Dolgoruky, thiab cia ib xyoo tom qab ntawd Galician tub huabtais Vladimir Vladimirovich npaj mus ua si lub fortress. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws tus tij laug, Yaroslav Vladimirovich, hais tawm nrog tib lub hom phiaj. Tom qab 100 xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1255, Golden Horde tus tswv xeev tau tawm tsam lub tsev fuabtais Lutsk ntawm Lubert. Kurems. Nws tsis yog zaum kawg uas sim rhuav tshem lub tsev ntoo.
Tom qab lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim kho dua tshiab, Polish cov vajntxwv tau sim kov yeej nws cov phab ntsa pob zeb: Casimir xyoo 1349 thiab Jagiello xyoo 1431, nrog rau Lithuanian tus huab tais Sigismund xyoo 1436.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais los ntawm King Jagiello
Thaum tus huab tais Polish sim txeeb Volhynia thiab tuav Lubart lub tsev fuabtais tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, lub fortress tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv kev ywj pheej ntawm thaj av. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tsis tsuas yog kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub fortress pab cov neeg tiv thaiv kom yeej, tab sis kuj lawv tus kheej ingenuity. Tom qab ib tug ntev thiab qaug zog siege, thaum lub mos txwv twb twb khiav lawm, cov neeg hauv zos txiav txim siab mus catapult tus tsiaj faus tuag corpses mus rau lub Poles. Nyob rau hauv hluav taws los ntawm cov tsiaj tuag, cov Poles txawm li cas los retreated.
lig siv lub fortress
Lutsk tsev fuabtais ntawm Lubart thiab nws cov neeg tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txawm tias kev cuam tshuam ntawm Mongol-Tatars. Nyob rau hauv 1569, thaum lub Union ntawm Ljubljana tau xaus thiab lub Commonwe alth tau tsim, lub tsev fuabtais los ua ib tug vaj ntxwv chaw nyob. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub fortress pib poob nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub tsev fuabtais nyob: tsev hais plaub, lub tsev ntawm tus npis sov, lub chaw ua hauj lwm, thiab tsev neeg cov tsev. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Upper thiab Lower castles muaj Latin thiab Orthodox departments, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rau cov gentry ntawm ob txoj kev ntseeg sib sau ua ke. Thiab Lutsk Tribunal muaj hwj chim tsis yog tsuas yog hla Volyn, tab sis kuj hla ntau lub xeev.
Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub complex pib poob rau hauv kev lwj tag nrho. Thiab hauvXyoo 1863, cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab rhuav tshem nws thiab muag nws ua khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov kev tawm ntauwd thiab cov phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab "mus hauv qab rauj" rau 373 rubles. Hmoov zoo, lawv tsis tswj kom muag lub fortress, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 1864 lub Kyiv commission txwv tsis pub lub demolition ntawm complex. Tab sis lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Lower tab tom tos txoj hmoo tu siab.
Nyob rau xyoo 1870, tub ceev xwm tua hluav taws nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais, ua ib lub rooj rau tus Tswv tus pej thuam, los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv 1918, lub caij ntuj sov ua yeeb yam nrog ib tug ntoo pavilion thiab foyer tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Ntawm no lawv tau pom lub npe hu ua "cov duab nyob", uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau suav tias yog kev npau taws. Thiab yog li ib qho ntawm thawj xinesmas hauv Lutsk tau tshwm sim.
Hnub Lubart's Castle, lossis Lutsk Castle, yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab lub tebchaws monument.
Towers
Lub fortress ntawm lub fortress muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug tsis xwm yeem daim duab peb sab, nyob rau hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm uas muaj yees: Vyezdnaya, Vladychya, Styrovaya. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, muaj ntauwd Vyezdnaya, uas yog nce mus saib lub nroog los ntawm ib tug noog qhov muag pom. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub pej thuam qhia txog ntau yam keeb kwm tseeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab facade saum lub ntsiab nkag muaj ob arches. Yav dhau los, lawv muaj cov kab uas tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm ib lub pas dej da dej uas nyob saum lub nkuaj. Niaj hnub no, cov arches yog phab ntsa, thiab es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug choj, ib tug tsis tu ncua nkag mus.
Muaj ob lub kauj ntaiv kauv sab hauv tus pej thuam. Lub pej thuam muaj ntau lub plag tsev, txhua lub tsev muaj qhov nthuav tawm ntawm cov duab kos thaum ub thiab cov duab kos rau lub tsev fuabtais no, nrog rau cov duab qub qub. Volyn cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv pem teb sab saum toj muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom ua si qub, cov yawm sij, lub raj mis thiab lwm yam khoom. Tus Tswv Ntauwd kuj muaj kev nthuav qhia rau lub nroog thiab lub chaw ruaj khov.
Kev Ua Haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev Saib Xyuas, nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam, muaj riam phom siv rau ob qho tib si siege thiab tiv thaiv, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv uas tau khaws cia txij li thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau tiam 16, muaj ib qhov chaw tua neeg ntawm lub site no, cov neeg raug tua, feem ntau yog txiav lawv lub taub hau.
Lwm lub tsev
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress muaj: lub qhov taub, tus huab tais lub palace, lub county tresury thiab lub tsev ntawm lub gentry tsev hais plaub. Kev khaws cia ib nrab kuj yog lub Cathedral ntawm St. John theologian, uas yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg hauv Lutsk. Nws tau hais tias Tub Vaj Ntxwv Lubart raug faus ntawm no.
Muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov vuas qub thiab cib nyob ze ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub tuam tsev. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ib lub cib ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm. Qee cov ntawv luam tseem muaj cov ntawv sau thaum ub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov seem ntawm cov tsev ntoo thiab cov khoom qub hlau hauv lub tshav puam.
Lubart lub Tsev fuabtais tseem muaj npe nrov rau nws cov khoom loj ntawm cov tswb qub (tsuas yog ib qho hauv Ukraine), lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab kev sau riam phom.
Phab Ntsa Graffiti
Thaum lub sijhawm muaj lub fortress, tib neeg tau tso ntau cov ntawv sau rau sab nraud. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yees yog them nrog ntau yam lus. Yeej, cov no yog cov npe ntawm tib neeg thiab hnub. Cov ntawv qub tshaj plaws ntawm phab ntsa hnub rov qab mus rau 1444. Inscriptions muaj nyob rau hauvntau yam fonts, kos thiab sau ntawv. Ntawm lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg nto moo, xws li Lesya Ukrainka tus muam, Olha Kosach, los ntawm 1891.
Zoo kawg
Yog li peb tau paub txog qhov muaj yeeb yuj thiab ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam ntawm Western Ukraine ua Lubart lub tsev fuabtais. Lutsk txais tos nws cov qhua nrog ntau qhov chaw nthuav dav, ntawm cov uas, los ntawm txoj kev, yog cov seem ntawm Lower Castle. Zoo, Lubart lub tsev fuabtais tseem tos cov neeg tuaj ncig txhua hnub los ntawm 10:00 txog 18:00. Tus nqi nkag tsuas yog 10 UAH (txog 25 Russian rubles) rau ib tug neeg laus thiab 2 UAH (kwv yees 5 rubles) rau ib tug me nyuam. Zoo, cov neeg uas xav mus xyuas lub pej thuam thiab mloog kev ncig xyuas yuav tsum tau them 50 UAH (hauv 130 rubles). Tuaj rau Lutsk thiab kov cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau pua xyoo nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes!
