Reserve ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam "Arkaim". Xwm reserves ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam: npe thiab piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Lub nroog qub tshaj plaws thiab paub tsis meej ntawm Arkaim, nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Bredinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, tau tshawb pom xyoo 1987. Yog tias koj saib ntawm lub tuam tsev lub nroog no los ntawm saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem pom ib qho kauv curl. Niaj hnub no "Arkaim" yog ib tug cia ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, ib yam ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, uas attracts pilgrims.

"Arkaim" yog qhov chaw mus ncig ua si, tag nrho archaeological complex, uas muaj lub nroog ruaj khov, qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob, thaj av faus thiab ntau qhov chaw tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Nws txoj hauj lwm thaj chaw yog impressive - lub foothills ntawm lub roob Ural (sab hnub tuaj) thiab tus dej Utyaganka - sab laug tributary ntawm lub Bolshaya Karaganka.

Lub Arkaim Nature Reserve yog cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag rau cov kws tshawb fawb, vim tias muaj cov tsiaj tsawg thiab cov nroj tsuag tau khaws cia rau ntawm nws thaj chaw.

keeb kwm luv luv ntawm qhov xwm txheej

Thawj zaug, cov tub rog topography pom Arkaim xyoo 1957, tab sis lawv tsis tau qhia ntau rau lub voj voog tsis meejkev txaus siab. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam huab cua ntawm thaj chaw hauv xyoo 1969 tau pom ib lub voj voog uas tau suav tias yog lub hauv paus tub rog zais cia. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1987, cov neeg koom ntawm Ural-Kazakhstan archaeological ntoj ke mus kawm heev los ntawm kev huam yuaj nrhiav Arkaim rau tib neeg. Kev tiv thaiv ramparts, ditches, txoj kev twb tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov chaw nyob ntawm "Lub Tebchaws ntawm Lub Nroog" hu ua Arkaim tshwm sim.

Kev tsim ib ceg ntawm Ilmensky cia ntawm lub xeev tseem ceeb, uas yog, Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsev khaws puav pheej, tau pib xyoo 1991 los ntawm G. B. Zdanovich. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1994, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau los ua ib tug keeb kwm thiab archaeological chaw, thiab nyob rau hauv 2007 nws tau reorganized rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai cia "Arkaim" ntawm lub regional subordination nrog ntau qhov chaw.

Complex structure of the reserve

Ntau tus sib cav tias "Arkaim" - thaj chaw thaj tsam ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam - yog thaj chaw zoo nkauj uas koj tuaj yeem mloog koj lub zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw no yeej ib txwm qhib tsis tau tsuas yog rau historians thiab archaeologists, tab sis kuj rau ntau pilgrims, clairvoyants, txhua tus neeg uas ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv kho thiab purification ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Arkaim kuj muaj kev lig kev cai tshwj xeeb - saib lub hnub tuaj saum toj.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm Arkaim cia. Cov no yog ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov chaw archaeological uas qhib rau saib.

Fortified territory-settlement

Lub hnub nyoog Bronze archaeological site yog hnub tim3rd-2nd xyoo txhiab BC e. Los ntawm lub nroog tsuas muaj me me hillocks, pom los ntawm huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, yav dhau los, Arkaim yog ib qho kev sib hais haum nrog kev tsim kho kom haum rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws thaj chaw (inch - tsuas yog 150 m) tau nyob hauv kwv yees li 2-3 txhiab tus neeg. Muaj ob peb lub tsev nyob rau hauv kev sib hais haum, tab sis vim li cas cov neeg hauv zos tau hlawv lawv lub tsev thiab tawm hauv lub nroog mus ib txhis.

Historical Park

Qhov khoom ntawm qhov chaw qub txeeg qub teg no nyob ze ntawm Bolshaya Karaganka River, deb ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib no yog dominated los ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm faus. Muaj ntau lub qhov ntxa thaum ub ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab cov thawv nrog laj kab, ua tim khawv txog kev muaj tsev neeg toj ntxas. Tseem muaj cov menhirs mysterious, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas tsis tau tsim. Lub Aksai Turkic complex ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tiaj ua si keeb kwm.

"Temir" - lub pob tawb rov tsim dua

Lub Ostyak ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas qhia txog cov kab qub qub, yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological ntawm Sarmatian barrow, uas nyob hauv Chesmensky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam. Nws yog hnub tim rau xyoo pua 4 BC. e. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj xyuas kom raug rov tsim dua ib daim qauv ntawm faus tus qauv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nomadic thaum ub. Lawv nthuav dav hauv ob qho tib si qhov tsos thiab kev teeb tsa sab hauv ntawm lub qhov ntxa poj koob yawm txwv. Tsuas yog cov neeg sawv cev zoo ntawm pab pawg neeg thiab lawv cov txheeb ze raug faus rau hauv mounds.

Ancient zos

Txoj kev uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob tuaj yeem pom hauv kev sib haum xeeb tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm thaum lub hnub nyoog tooj liab-Stone (Eneolithic). Lub zos ancient no yog qhia nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tsoqhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub subsoil ntawm nws tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm archaeological excavations nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Botai nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Kazakhstan.

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov vaj tsev nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov sib npaug semi-dugouts, vim tias daim ntawv vaj tsev no yog vim muaj huab cua nyuaj.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnography

Txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau sau tseg hauv Urals. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau coj lawv mus rau thaj chaw ciam teb ntawm Chelyabinsk thiab tsim "Cossack qub txeeg qub tes" ntawm no. Tus qauv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no yog lub tsev ntawm Dolgopolovs - Cossacks los ntawm lub zos Varlamovo (lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries). Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov kws qhia paub paub hais txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. Lub tsev nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog "Dutch" windmill (tsev pheeb suab), sawv ze ntawm lub tsev. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Paris xyoo 1929, tom qab ntawd nws tau thauj mus rau lub zos Warsaw, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua tiav mus txog rau thaum 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Xyoo 1999, lub zeb tau tsiv mus rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv.

Lawv tuav cov chav kawm master hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej no rau cov uas xav ua haujlwm. Ntawm no craftswomen tuaj yeem ua khoom plig nrog lawv tus kheej tes.

Nkauj Nomadic pab pawg

Nyob tsis ntev los no, uas yog, xyoo 2010, lub tsev tshiab tau tsim dua nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Arkaim - ib lub chaw pw hav zoov. Nws muaj plaub lub yurts, qhov uas koj tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej lub qhov muag yuav ua li cas cov nomads nyob, tab sis kuj nyob.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ancient Crafts

Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeblub tsev yog nruab rau hauv ib lub camp rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Ntau tus qhuas cov qhov cub ua haujlwm ntawm qhov loj me. Lawv tau tsim kho dua tshiab txhawm rau qhia tias cov kilns rau kev tua cov khoom siv ceramic, cua sov, nrog rau cov cub tawg rau cov khoom siv hlau zoo li. Txhua yam hauv tsev cia puav pheej tuaj yeem kov tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus nyiam.

Shamanicha

Saib hnub sawv thiab hnub poob, ntau txoj kev hlub los ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Mount Shamanka, uas yog hu ua Shamaniha. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm no ancient paleovolcano koj tuaj yeem pom ib tug kauv ntawm pob zeb. Nws muaj 13 lem, uas yog lub cim ntawm cov saw ntawm incarnations rau txoj kev mus rau lub vaj kaj siab. Muaj kev ntseeg hais tias cov neeg uas hla tus kauv nrog taw liab qab los ua ib tug nrog lawv tsev neeg tsob ntoo, lawv tej kev txhaum twb zam txim.

roob Kev Hlub

Tom qab tus dej Karaganka, nyob rau sab sauv neeg mus ncig ua si, nce lub roob siab tshaj "Arkaima" - roob Kev Hlub. Ntawm ib qho ntawm nws txoj kab nqes koj tuaj yeem pom ib lub voj voog ntawm pob zeb. Lub Roob Kev Hlub muaj qhov zoo kawg nkaus panorama ntawm lub camp thiab saib ntawm Shamanikha.

Lwm thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cheeb tsam

Reserves, lub teb chaws chaw ua si ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam - cov no yog cov chaw uas txhua leej txhua tus xav tias zoo li ib tug piece ntawm niam. Muaj 3 qhov tshwj xeeb thiab 2 qhov chaw ua si hauv cheeb tsam. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov reserves ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, cov npe uas tsis ntev li ntawd, muaj zoo keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab scientific nqi.

Yog li, Ilmensky Reserve muaj npe nrov rau cov khoom siv crystalline xws li cov zaub mov (sapphire, garnet, topaz, thiab lwm yam). Qhov no yog qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Chelyabinsk. Qhov tseeb, hauv nwsmuaj yuav luag tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm minerals ntawm natural origin. Lawv tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Natural Science Museum.

Txhua qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov npe ntawm lawv cov npe yog rov ua dua los ntawm South Ural Reserve thiab thiaj li hu ua hluav taws xob (East Ural). Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov peev txheej ntuj.

Cov chaw khaws cia ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, uas nws cov npe raug xaiv zoo heev, txaus siab rau kev hlub zoo ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg hauv zos. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub teb chaws tiaj ua si "Taganai" los ntawm Bashkir txhais tau tias "lub roob ntawm lub hli nce." Qhov no yog qhov chaw amazing tiag tiag, los ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj roob toj roob hauv pes thiab cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb qhib rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Tab sis ib lub roob ntawm Taganay muaj npe rau nws cov yam ntxwv puag ncig - Kruglitsa. Zyuratkul Natural Park ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb kuj tseem nrov heev ntawm cov qhua thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Txoj kev zoo nkauj ecological coj mus rau nws txoj kab.

Ural xwm yog ntxim nyiam. National Parks, Ilmensky Reserve, botanical reserves, archaeological thiab keeb kwm chaw, lub Arkaim Reserve yuav qhia txog nws secrets. Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam faib thaj tsam li 200,000 hectares ntawm thaj av rau tej yam ntuj tso monuments.