Niam lub monument yog ib daim duab zoo uas tau los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tom qab Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws xws li sculptural ua hauj lwm twb ntsia nyob rau hauv Volgograd ntawm Mamaev Kurgan. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm dhau los, cov ntawv sau zoo li no tau pib tshwm sim tsis tas yuav nco txog kev ua tsov ua rog, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam xwm txheej, piv txwv li, ib lub monument rau niam tu siab rau cov neeg tsav nkoj tuag, qhib hauv Nakhodka.
Niam teb
Tom qab tag nrho, lub monument nto moo tshaj plaws rau leej niam tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Stalingrad, yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Cov duab puab no yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov architectural pawg ntawm Mamaev Kurgan. Niaj hnub no, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov pej thuam siab tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe.
Cov duab puab yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom ntawm peb ntu. Thawj yog nyob rau hauv Magnitogorsk. Nyob rau nram qab ntawm lub monument, ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm muab rau ib tug tub rog ib rab ntaj forged nyob rau hauv lub Urals mus tua fascism. Qhov thib peb ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib tug monument rau warrior-liberator, uas sawv nyob rau hauv Berlin. Ntawm nws, rab ntaj, yav tas los tsa hauv Volgograd, tau qis dua.
Tus sau cov duab puab
Monument rau niam hauv Volgograd - kev ua haujlwm ntawm sculptor Evgeny Vuchetich thiab engineerNikolay Nikitin. Vuchetich nyob rau hauv lub 70s yog tus lwm thawj coj ntawm lub Academy of Arts ntawm lub USSR, nws tus kheej tau koom nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Nws kuj yog tus tswv lub monument rau tus liberator nyob rau hauv Treptow Park, thiab lub "Cia Forge Swords into Plowshares" monument, uas yog ntsia nyob rau hauv New York, nyob ze ntawm lub United Nations lub tsev. Nws kuj tau teeb tsa Motherland duab puab hauv Kyiv xyoo 1981.
Nikitin cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg kuj nplua nuj. Nws yog tus tsim ntawm lub hauv paus thiab load-bearing qauv rau ntau lub tsev nto moo Soviet. Cov no yog lub Palace ntawm Soviets, lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow State University ntawm Lenin Hills, lub hauv paus chaw ntau pob "Luzhniki", Palace ntawm Culture thiab Science nyob rau hauv Warsaw, lub TV pej thuam nyob rau hauv Ostankino.
Majestic Monument
Lub monument rau leej niam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Vuchetich thiab Nikitin yog daim duab ntawm tus poj niam uas nce mus tom ntej nrog kev ua tsov rog zoo li thiab ntaj tsaj. Qhov no yog ib daim duab allegorical. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm Leej Niam, uas hu nws cov tub tag nrho los sib ntaus sib tua tus yeeb ncuab.
Kev txhim kho ntawm tus pej thuam pib ib xyoo caum thiab ib nrab tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1959. Nws siv 8 xyoo los tsim nws. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog cov duab puab siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txog rau tam sim no, txhua hmo cov duab puab tau teeb pom kev zoo.
ob zaug txij thaum ntawd los, lub monument tau xav tau kev kho dua tshiab. Thiab thawj zaug heev thaum ntxov: 5 xyoos tom qab lub official qhib, rab ntaj tau hloov. Lwm qhov kev kho tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim xyoo 1986.
Typesculptures
Puas muaj tus qauv tsim los ntawm lub monument rau poj niam-niam? Tseem tsis tau muaj ib lo lus teb, tsuas muaj ob peb versions xwb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau ntseeg tias qhov no yog kawm tiav ntawm Barnaul Pedagogical School Anastasia Peshkova, uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Valentina Izotova thiab Ekaterina Grebneva tau hais txog ntawm cov qauv.
Ib qho tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam, tab sis kuj siv tau version hais tias lub monument rau leej niam, uas nws daim duab paub rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no, rov hais dua cov duab los ntawm Arc de Triomphe hauv Paris. Nws tsim, nyob rau hauv lem, tau tshwm sim los ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm Greek vajtswv poj niam Nike.
Specifications
Hais txog nws qhov siab, cov duab puab tau teev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tus uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub monument rau niam nws tus kheej yog 85 meters siab, lwm ob meters yog lub mounting phaj. Nyob rau hauv xws li kev tsim kho, xav tau ib lub hauv paus pob zeb, khawb mus rau qhov tob ntawm 16 meters. Qhov siab ntawm tus poj niam duab puab nws tus kheej (tsis muaj ntaj) yog 52 meters. Nws tag nrho cov loj yog impressive heev - ntau tshaj 8 txhiab tons.
Daim duab yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog thiab cov qauv hlau. Nws yog hollow hauv. Cais, nws tsim nyog nyob ntawm ntaj. Nws qhov ntev yog 33 meters. Nyhav - 14 tons. Nws yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau, uas yog sheathed nrog titanium txheej.
Vim yog qhov deformation ntawm rab ntaj, kev txav ntawm cov txheej titanium pib, vim qhov no, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau tau hnov tas li. Nws yog vim li no tias ob peb xyoos tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov duab puabtxiav txim siab hloov rab ntaj. Tus tshiab yog tag nrho cov hlau.
Yuav kom tus qauv tsim kom nyob twj ywm hauv kev pabcuam tas li, tus kws tshaj lij, uas tseem yog tus kws sau ntawv puv ntoob, tau ua haujlwm hnyav heev. Niam lub monument sawv ua tsaug rau Nikolai Nikitin. Nws kuj xam qhov ruaj khov ntawm Ostankino TV ntauwd.
Kev Nyuaj Siab
Qhov tseeb, tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tiav ntawm lub monument, kev ntshai pib qhia tias leej niam lub monument yuav vau. Los ntawm thiab loj, lawv tseem tsis tau ploj mus txog tam sim no.
Rov qab rau xyoo 1965, Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tsim Kho tau tshaj tawm cov lus xaus, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv. Ntawm kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog lub monument "Motherland". Qhov tseeb yog tias lub hauv paus yog teem rau ntawm av nplaum av, uas nws thiaj li yuav swb ho mus rau lub Volga.
Daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas loj kawg ntawm lub monument tau ua nyob rau xyoo 2013. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub peev architect thiab sculptor Vladimir Tserkovnikov. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv qhib tau hais rau Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky, nws tshaj tawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub monument tau ua nrog ib tug tseem ceeb yuam kev uas Nikitin ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim theem. Hauv nws txoj kev xav, hnub no nws nyob rau hauv lub xeev deplorable.
Kyiv Monument
Ib qho duab puab zoo sib xws tau pom hauv Ukrainian peev xyoo 1981. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ukrainian Keeb Kwm txog Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lub architectural complex tau qhib rau 36th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev yeej ntawm Nazis;Leonid Brezhnev
Evgeny Vuchetich, tus sau ntawm Volgograd duab puab, pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project. Tom qab nws tuag hauv 1974, qhov project tau coj los ntawm Vasily Borodai. Ib yam li Vuchetich, tus neeg koom nrog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm USSR, uas tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv ntawm socialist realism.
Raws li kev suav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tau piav qhia txog Motherland monument, lub monument yuav tsum tau sawv ntawm tsawg kawg yog 150 xyoo. Nws yog tsim kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus av qeeg nrog lub zog ntawm 9 ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1987, muaj cua daj cua dub loj heev hla Kyiv, tab sis lub monument tsis puas.
Lub monument tau nruab nrog saib platforms thiab ob lub elevator, ib qho txav ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm 75 degrees. Technical platforms thiab hatches yog nruab nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub monument. Piv txwv li, ib tug yog nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub Motherland.
Txij li xyoo 2002, cov neeg tuaj saib tau nce ob qhov chaw saib - ntawm qhov siab ntawm 36 thiab 92 meters. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab kev tuag ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi los ntawm qib siab, cov kws tshaj lij tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub monument tau txwv ntau.
St. Petersburg analogue
Nyob rau hauv Russia, feem ntau ntawm cov lus nug: "Lub monument rau lub Motherland nyob qhov twg?" Lawv yuav teb qhov ntawd nyob rau hauv Volgograd. Tab sis muaj ob peb lwm yam sculptures zoo sib xws. Ib ntawm lawv nyob hauv St. Petersburg.
Lub monument nyob ntawm Piskarevsky tojntxas. Tus poj niam daim duab tuav cov ntoo qhib wreath nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, uas symbolizes nyob mus ib txhis. Cov duab puab nyob rau ntawm lub pob zeb pedestal. Ncaj nraim tom qab nws yog ib lub pob zeb phab ntsa uas cov lus nto moo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog carved. Olga Bergholz: "Tsis muaj leej twg hnov qab, tsis muaj dab tsi tsis nco qab."
Txoj hauj lwm qhia tus niam lossis tus poj niam tu siab, nws lub ntsej muag tig mus rau qhov ntxa loj.
Kev sib tw rau txoj haujlwm no tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1945. Nws tau txiav txim siab los muab lub cim nco txog rau cov neeg nyob hauv Leningrad, uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev thaiv thiab nco txog cov neeg tuag. Kev tsim kho tsuas yog pib xyoo 1956. Qhov qhib tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij ua koob tsheej 15 xyoos ntawm kev yeej - Tsib Hlis 9, 1960.
Pab pawg sculptors tau coj los ntawm Vera Vasilievna Isayeva, uas tau tuag ob lub lis piam ua ntej kev qhib lub monument. Nws tau dim ntawm qhov thaiv ntawm Leningrad, koom nrog hauv kev camouflage ntawm lub nroog thaum cov yeeb ncuab cua raids.
Ntxhais niam nyob Nakhodka
Keeb Kwm ntawm "Niam Niam Tuag" monument nyob rau Lavxias teb sab Far East kuj tu siab heev. Lub memorial nyob rau hauv Nakhodka tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1979. Cov haujlwm yog ua los ntawm tooj liab.
Daim duab ntawm ib tug poj niam ntsib lub Bay ntawm Nakhodka thiab tau mob siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses ntawm lub trawler "Boksitogorsk", uas tau wrecked nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Barents nyob rau hauv 1965. Qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis thaum muaj cua daj cua dub, lub zog uas tau kwv yees li ntawm 10 ntsiab lus. 24 tus neeg ua haujlwm raug tua. Zoo siab heev, tsuas yog ib tus tswj kom khiav tawm - Anatoly Okhrimenko, tus tswv mining los ntawm Boksitogorsk.
Pab poj niam duab puab yog ob lub nkoj nkoj. Ntawm ko taw, cov npe ntawm tag nrho 24 tus neeg tsav nkoj tuag, uas niam thiab poj niam tsis tos lawv xyoo, tau sau.
Qhov project yog coj los ntawm tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse Nakhodka Vladimir Remizov.
Ntxhais niam nyobBashkiria
Ib qho chaw zoo sib xws tau tsim tsa hauv lub nroog Bashkiria - Ufa. Nws mob siab rau cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm uas tau tuag hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tub rog, suav nrog cov neeg hauv zos. Ib tug memorial tau tsa nyob ze ntawm Victory Park.
Kev qhib kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim xyoo 2003. Nws tus sau yog Nikolai Kalinushkin, Honored Artist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Cov vaj tsev tsim vaj tsev zoo ib yam li lub tsev cult, thiab nws tau txhob txwm ua rau txoj hauv kev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nws yog cov ntseeg lossis Muslim. Nws muaj ib tug bronze daim duab ntawm ib tug niam nyob rau hauv ib tug qis pedestal.
Granite slabs nyob ze, uas cov npe ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Bashkortostan uas tau tuag hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog hauv zos txij li xyoo 1951 tau kos.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.
Niam lub monument hauv Cheboksary yog ib lub cim ntawm lub peev ntawm Chuvash koom pheej. Nws qhov siab yog 46 meters, ntawm lub phaj ntawm nws lub hauv paus nws hais tias qhov no yog leej niam uas foom koob hmoov rau nws cov me nyuam thiab coj lawv mus nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb thiab kev hlub. Cov ntawv sau yog lus Lavxias thiab Chuvash.
Nyob hauv ntau lub nroog muaj monuments rau niam. Txhua tus muaj nws keeb kwm. Qhov project no yog tsim los ntawm cov nom tswv - Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Chuvashia Nikolai Fedorov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws nyiam cov neeg txawj ntse muaj tswv yim thiab cov pej xeem, lub hauv paus kev siab hlub tau tsim tshwj xeeb.
Lub monument depicts tus poj niam nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws costume. Thawj cov lus pom zoo tau tshwm sim hauv xov xwm thaum ntxov li xyoo 1996, tab sis lawv tau pib siv tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm 2000.xyoo.
Tus sculptor ntawm qhov project yog Vladimir Nagornov, kuj muaj npe nrov rau nws cov duab puab "Tubtxib saum ntuj ntawm Nco thiab Glory" nyob rau hauv lub regional center ntawm Chuvashia thiab lub monument rau Ostap Bender thiab Kisa Vorobyaninov, ntsia nyob rau hauv Cheboksary. Nws tau ua hauj lwm hauv kev koom tes nrog cov kws pab tswv yim thiab lwm cov kws kos duab nto moo xws li Vladimir Filatov.
Lub monument tau qhib rau hnub 58th ntawm Kev Sib Tw Hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj - Tsib Hlis 9, 2003.
