Cov koom pheej ntawm Russia: teev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Cov lus sib xyaw ntawm Russia tau tsim tawm ntawm 85 yam. Republics ua ib feem plaub ntawm tus lej ntawd. Lawv nyob txog peb caug feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub xeev nyob ntawd (tsis suav nrog Crimea). Tom ntej no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas lub sij hawm "republic" kom ntxaws ntxiv. Tsab ntawv xov xwm tseem yuav muab qee cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais txog kev tsim cov ntsiab lus no, cov npe ntawm cov qauv uas muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Lub tswvyim ntawm "Public ntawm Russia"

Thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw raug suav tias yog cov thawj coj-ib thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Republics feem ntau hu ua lub xeev cov koom haum. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv yog tib neeg cov koom haum me me uas muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm ib lub xeev. Tag nrho cov koom pheej ntawm Russia tsim lawv tus kheej txoj cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koom haum no tuaj yeem raug cai rau ib leegrau tag nrho autonomy lub xeev cov lus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub tswvyim ntawm autonomous socialist koom pheej (abbreviated ASSR) tau siv, uas kuj hu ua autonomous regions. Lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub teb chaws-xeev tsim, thaum lub regional chaw thiab ib cheeb tsam hu ua units.

thawj formations

Cov koom pheej ntawm Russia pib tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, sai li sai tau thaum lub kiv puag ncig xaus. Lawv raug tsim, tawm hauv lub xeev cov cheeb tsam thiab lwm cov units. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv cov kev tsim no tau pib tshwm sim los ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas twb muaj lawm nrog txoj haujlwm pub dawb. Feem ntau lawv raug suav hais tias yog thaj chaw sib cais, tab sis qee zaum lawv tseem yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam. Thaum Txoj Cai Lij Choj tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1936, cov koom pheej tshiab pib tshwm sim tsawg dua. Ob peb ntawm cov uas tshwm sim ua ntej tag nrho cais tawm ntawm Russia, tseem tshuav, txawm li cas los xij, ua ib feem ntawm USSR.

Cov qauv uas yog ib feem ntawm lwm qhov chaw

Tsis yog tsuas yog cov koom pheej ntawm Russia. Lawv kuj tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm cov kev sib cais uas twb muaj lawm, sawv cev rau cov koom haum autonomous. Piv txwv li, cov koom haum ywj pheej tau tshwm sim los ntawm Soviet koom pheej ntawm Georgia - Adjaristan thiab Abkhazia. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan tau tsim. Tau tsib xyoos, kev tsim kev ywj pheej ntawm Tajikistan yog ib feem ntawm Uzbek SSR. Tom qab ntawd, thaum kawg nws tau txais kev ywj pheej tag nrho thiab dhau los ua Tajik SSR, kuj tau nkag mus rau hauv kev koom tes nrog cov koom pheej ywj pheej. Ib txhiaxyoo tom qab, Uzbekistan tau txais Karakalpak ASSR nyob rau hauv nws muaj. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine yav tas los txuas nrog lub koom pheej ntawm Moldova, uas tau tso nws tom qab nees nkaum rau xyoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tawm hauv ib feem ntawm thaj chaw. Tuva tau los ua lub koom pheej kawg uas tau tsim. Tom qab nws tshwm sim, tus naj npawb ntawm cov koom haum tswj hwm tsis hloov pauv rau peb caug xyoo ntxiv.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv

Pib txij xyoo 1990, cov koom pheej ntawm Russia pib tsim dua (cov npe yuav muab hauv qab). Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no qhov tsim tau tshwm sim vim qhov tau los ntawm cov qub kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab thaj chaw ntawm kev ywj pheej. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1990, txhua lub tebchaws tau ua tiav kev ywj pheej, nrog rau ntau thaj chaw uas tsis tau muaj kev ywj pheej yav dhau los. Muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm Adyghe, Khakass, Gorno-Altai thiab, ntxiv rau lawv, thaj chaw Karachay-Cherkess. Tom qab ntawd Chechnya thiab Ingushetia sib cais, uas ib zaug tau ua ib lub koom haum koom siab. Thaum cov txheej txheem rau kev nrhiav tau ntawm kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov kev kawm, lawv tau txais lub npe ntawm sovereign.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txhua lub sijhawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tau txais kev ywj pheej tag nrho los ntawm cov koom pheej thiab kev cais tawm ntawm thaj chaw Lavxias tsis tau hais. Tom qab tau txais kev ywj pheej, cov khoom tshiab tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, lub teb chaws tsis tshua tsim cov koom pheej ntawm Adzharia thiab Nakhichevan, uas tau ntau xyoo muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ywj pheej, koom ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kawm. Yog li, lawv tau los ua ib feem ntawm Georgian thiab Azerbaijani formations. Abkhazia, uas yog lub tebchaws Soviet,npaj yuav nyob twj ywm ib feem ntawm lub union ntawm sovereign lub xeev, thaum Georgia tsis txhawb lub tswv yim no. Ib qho teeb meem zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab laug ntawm Dniester, uas yav tas los suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm Moldavian kev ywj pheej, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab los ua ib thaj chaw ywj pheej. Tsis muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau qhov teeb meem, yog li muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua pib. Lawv tsis pab Georgia thiab Moldova rov qab tswj hwm, lawv tsuas yog pab txhawb kev nrawm ntawm kev tsim ob lub tebchaws tshiab - Abkhazia thiab Transnistria.

List

Neeg-ob qhov chaw tswj hwm tus kheej tau paub. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw cov koom pheej ntawm Russia tau faib nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau. Yog li, daim ntawv teev npe:

• Republic of Adygea;
• Altai;
• Bashkortostan;
• Buryatia;
• Dagestan;
• Ingushetia;
• Kabardino-Balkar koom pheej;
• Kalmykia;
• Karachay-Cherkess koom pheej;
• Karelia;
• Komi;
• koom pheej ntawm Crimea;
• Mari El;
• Mordovia;
• Sakha (Yakutia);
• North Ossetia - Alania;
• Tatarstan;
• Tuva Republic;
• Udmurt Republic;
• Khakassia;
• Chechen koom pheej;
• Chuvash.

Chuvash Republic

Kawm nyob hauv Volga Valley. Nyob rau sab xis yog lub Volga Upland, thiab nyob rau sab laug bank muaj ib tug tiaj tus. Hauv qhov no, lub Volga tau txais Sura, Anish thiab Tsivil tributaries. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd BC, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tam sim noCov koom pheej tau nyob hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Balanovskaya thiab Srubnaya haiv neeg. Ob peb centuries tom qab ntawd lawv tau hloov los ntawm pawg Gorodets. Kev sib haum xeeb pib nyob rau hauv 7th-9th centuries AD. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Suvar thiab Bulgarian pab pawg tau tsiv los ntawm Lower Volga cheeb tsam. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog los ntawm cov neeg no uas tau tsim Chuvash. Los ntawm 10th-13th centuries, Volga Bulgaria tau tsim. Tab sis los ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, lub xeev tau poob rau hauv kev lwj. Qhov no yog vim lub raids ntawm lub Tatar-Mongols. Yog li ntawd, rau ob peb centuries, cov av tau dhau mus rau cov Bulgarians, los yog mus rau lub Mongol-Tatars, los yog nyob rau hauv lub Kazan Khanate (nyob rau hauv 1546, thaj chaw ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej Chuvashia nyob rau hauv nws tus quab). Yog li ntawd, cov neeg thov kev pab los ntawm lub ces reigning Ivan lub txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua lawv tau annexed los ntawm Russia. Lub koom pheej Chuvash muaj ntau lub fortress ntawm nws thaj chaw. Ntawm lawv, piv txwv li, Yadrin, Tsivilsk.