Cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam zoo heev hauv tebchaws Russia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia yog qhov khoom ntawm kev mus ncig rau ntau tus neeg qhuas txog cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv nto moo. Qhov twg, yog tias tsis nyob ntawm no, koj puas hnov tus ntsuj plig ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm, koj puas pib nkag siab txog koj tus kheej nyiam sau ntawv? Kev hwm tshwj xeeb yog kev mus ncig rau cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov chaw uas cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj huam siv lawv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog lub txaj ntawm kev tsim ntawm lawv cov txuj ci, kev xav hauv ntiaj teb thiab tus cwj pwm, uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog tsev neeg thaj av ntawm L. N. Tolstoy, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov.

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

Tsarskoye Selo tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub peev xwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws yog los ntawm lub tis ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no uas A. S. Pushkin, V. K. Kuchelbeker, I. I. Pushchin, M. E. S altykov-Shchedrin thiab ntau lwm cov nom tswv thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tawm.

Founded hauv 1811 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander I, lub lyceum yuav tsum tau cob qhia cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej Lavxias teb sab zej zog. Rau rau xyoo ntawm kev kawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau txais kev kawm zoo, sib npaug ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Tau kawg, cov tub ntxhais kawm nto moo tshaj plaws uas Tsarskoye Selo paub yog A. S. Pushkin. Nov yog qhov nws pibsau paj huam, tseem xyaum Zhukovsky, Batyushkov thiab Fabkis romantic paj huam. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov originality ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej genius twb tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.

Lub sijhawm kawm yog txuam nrog lwm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas nws thawj qhov haujlwm me me, "Rau Tus Phooj Ywg Poet," tau luam tawm. Cov kawm tiav ib txwm nco ntsoov lub xyoo ntawm kev kawm nrog kev sov siab, ua siab dawb txhawj txog txoj hmoo ntawm lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyiam.

Lub sijhawm tam sim no, Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum yog lub chaw haujlwm ua haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej lub qhov muag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam chav (nws hu ua cell), nrog rau qhov chaw kawm thiab kev xeem zaum kawg, qhov twg Pushkin xav tsis thoob. cov kws qhia ntawv muaj txuj ci.

A. S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye

Kuv xav qhia rau koj txog ob qhov chaw ntxiv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntse ntawm Pushkin. Thawj yog Mikhailovskoye. Nov yog tsev neeg cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam niam, tsim los ntawm nws yawg Hannibal ntawm Pskov av.

Connoisseurs ntawm Pushkin txoj haujlwm, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyeem, tau nyob ntawm no, nco ntsoov tias cov duab ntawm ntau yam haujlwm zoo li tau sau los ntawm cov kws txawj txhais tes los ntawm cov chaw no. Thawj thawj zaug, tus kws sau paj huam tau paub txog lub zos ntsuas lub neej tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav Lyceum, xyoo 1817. Pushkin tam sim ntawd fascinated los ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig thiab qhov loj me uas yeej ntawm no.

Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1824, nws yuav raug xa tawm ntawm no mus rau hauv kev khiav tawm, lub sijhawm uas muaj ntau yam txuj ci yuav tawm los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse. "Boris Godunov", "Arap ntawm Peter lub Great", yuav luag tag nrho cov tshiab "Eugene Onegin" tau sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no.

Txawm tias tom qab kev ntxub ntxaug, Pushkin rov qab los ntawm no dua thiab rov qab los rau kev tshoov siab, vim nws nyob hauv Mikhailovsky uas nwstshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias nws poetic khoom plig. Kev mus ntsib zaum kawg ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog txuam nrog ib qho xwm txheej - lub ntees tuag ntawm nws niam, thiab ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tuag hauv kev sib tw.

Nws lub ntxa tseem nyob ntawm no, hauv Mikhailovsky.

Boldino

Boldino lub caij nplooj zeeg… Lub sijhawm no ntawm Pushkin lub neej tau cim los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tsis tau pom dua, uas nws tau hnov thaum nyob hauv Boldino, tsev neeg vaj tse. Nws yuam kev mus ncig ua ntej ntawm kev ua tshoob nrog Natalya Goncharova tau ncua vim muaj tus kab mob cholera nyob rau hauv St. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej hauv tsev neeg, tus kws sau paj huam yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshoov siab. Ntawm no nws ua tiav "Eugene Onegin", sau feem ntau ntawm "Me Me Tragedies", "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Pov Thawj thiab Nws Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Balda", thiab "Belkin's Tale".

Cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia yuav tsum tau mus xyuas los ntawm txhua tus neeg uas qhuas cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Pushkin zoo.

M. Y. Lermontov: Pyatigorsk

Muaj qhov chaw hauv tebchaws Russia uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm tus kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 19th - M. Yu. Lermontov.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, qhov no yog Caucasian resort nroog ntawm Pyatigorsk. Qhov chaw no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Lermontov thawj tus paub nrog Pyatigorsk tshwm sim thaum yau - nws nyob ntawm no uas nws pog coj nws los txhim kho nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, vim hais tias yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug loj hlob los ntawm ib tug me nyuam mob heev. Qhov xwm ntawm Caucasus impressed Lermontov heev. Txij thaum yau, nws kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kos duab. Ntau cov xim zoo nkauj dej tuaj tawm ntawm hauv qab nws txhuam,ntes roob toj siab.

Hnub no, da dej kub ua haujlwm hauv Pyatigorsk, qhov chaw kws sau paj lug tau kho. Nws cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub npe hu ua "dej haiv neeg" yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Princess Mary".

Kev pabcuam ntxiv ntawm tub ceev xwm tseem txuas nrog Caucasus. Ntawm no Lermontov pom nws tuag. Los ntawm lub sijhawm, muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv Pyatigorsk. Txiav txim siab tas nws txoj hauj lwm, nws mus rau Caucasus zaum kawg, xauj tsev me me nrog nws txiv ntxawm.

Ntawm no lawv nyob twj ywm rau kev kho mob ntawm cov dej. Lub Xya hli ntuj 27, 1841, ib tug tuag duel ntawm Lermontov thiab nws tus qub acquaintance Martynov tshwm sim. Ntawm no, nyob ze Mount Mashuk, tus kws sau paj lug tau faus, tab sis tom qab 8 lub hlis nws cov tshauv tau pauv mus rau tsev neeg crypt - M. Yu. Lermontov tseem nyob ntawd. Russia tau poob lwm tus kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub cim xeeb ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog dawb huv revered nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk. Qhov chaw ntawm nws zaum kawg, lub tsev uas muaj kev sib cav nrog Martynov, qhov chaw ntawm lub duel thiab thawj qhov chaw faus Lermontov yog qhov chaw uas cov qhua ntawm lub nroog yuav tsum mus xyuas.

Tarkhany

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tarkhany-Reserve yog lwm qhov chaw uas yog inextricably txuas nrog M. Yu. Lermontov. Hauv cov cuab yeej no nws tau siv nws thaum yau. Ntawm no, lub neej ntawm ib tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog rov tsim dua nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug tseeb.

Ntxiv rau lub tsev manor, lub Keykeeper's House thiab People's Hut qhib rau cov qhua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem ua kev nco txog tus kws sau paj huam hauv tsev neeg lub tsev teev ntuj uas nws tau faus, thiab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj.

Museum-Lub ciam teb ua rau lub neej muaj kev coj noj coj ua: kev sib tw thiab kev lom zem rau tus kws sau paj huam tas li. Hnub so Lermontov, uas tshwm sim ntawm no thawj lub lis piam ntawm Lub Xya Hli, tau dhau los ua ib txwm muaj.

Museum of N. A. Nekrasov in Chudovo

Ntau tus kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm Russia nkag siab ntau dua yog tias koj pom lawv lub neej niaj hnub, thiab zoo dua - cov xwm txheej uas thaum yau dhau mus. N. A. Nekrasov tsis muaj kev zam hauv qhov no. Los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, peb paub tias nws yog cov menyuam yaus txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub neej nyuaj ntawm serfs uas tau txiav txim siab ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam.

N. A. Nekrasov Tsev-Tsev Tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhov chaw uas tus kws sau paj lug so nws tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub nroog lub neej, yos hav zoov thiab tau txais kev tshoov siab rau tej hauj lwm tshiab.

Nws nyob hauv Chudovo thiab yog ib feem ntawm qhov chaw loj ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm tib lub npe. Nws nyob ntawm no uas nto moo "Chudov voj voog", 11 zaj paj huam zoo nkauj, tau sau. Raws li txoj cai, Nekrasov yos hav zoov hauv cov chaw no. Ntawm no, tus kws sau paj huam mob hnyav tau ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm zoo - paj huam "Leej twg Nyob Zoo hauv Russia".

Tam sim no, lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej yog lub tsev tua tsiaj, uas ntxiv rau cov chav ntawm tus kws sau paj lug thiab nws tus poj niam, muaj chav noj mov, chaw ua haujlwm, chav qhua. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ob peb lub tom kawg ntawm no - ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm no mus yos hav zoov nrog Nekrasov: S altykov-Shchedrin thiab Pleshcheev, Mikhailovsky thiab Uspensky. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ua liaj ua teb kuj nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib.

Lub Tsev-Tsev Tsev khaws puav pheej feem ntau tuav cov rooj nthuav qhia thiab cov haujlwm raucov neeg tuaj saib ntau lub hnub nyoog.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm F. I. Tyutchev hauv Ovstug

Tyutchev cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej yog rau tus kws sau paj huam tsev neeg ntev ua ntej nws yug los: nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tus kws sau paj lug yawg pib tsim vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov av uas nws tau txais los ua tus nqi tshoob tom qab tshoob.

Tus kws sau paj lug txiv, tau txais txoj cai qub txeeg qub teg, pib nthuav lub tsev. Tsis ntev, ib lub vaj tse zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm classicism nrog ib lub tsev manor, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog txhua kab, nrog ib tug outbuilding, loj hlob ntawm no. Nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej, nws muaj nws cov kob nrog ib tug gazebo. Qhov chaw no ua rau Tyutchev qhov chaw ntawm tsis tsuas yog tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj kev tshoov siab. Tus kws sau paj huam, qhuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv, kos duab los ntawm cov chaw no - lawv nco txog nws tus ntsuj plig.

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas, thiab nws tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj, tab sis muaj kev rov tsim kho dua tshiab. Yog tias thawj zaug kev mus ncig rau cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia tsuas yog txwv rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog, tam sim no lawv npog cov qhua tis, nrog rau pawg ntseeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom lub tshuab cua ua dua tshiab, lub gazebo ntawm cov kob thiab cov linden alleys.

Peredelkino

Sau cov chaw sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia, peb yuav tsum hais txog cov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Qhov no feem ntau yog Peredelkino. Nws yog qhov chaw no uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm dachas ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tseem ceeb sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub zos uas cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias yuav so, nyob thiab tsim tau koom nrog M. Gorky. Nws yog nws uas tau txais hauv xyoo 1934 daim av no rau lub hom phiaj no. Qabnyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, thawj 50 lub tsev tau rov tsim dua. Ntawm lawv cov neeg xauj tsev yog A. Serafimovich, L. Kassil, B. Pasternak, I. Ilf, I. Babel.

Tsim dachas thiab ntau tus kws sau ntawv tom qab tsov rog: V. Kataev, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko, B. Akhmadulina. Ntawm no, K. Chukovsky sau nws cov dab neeg zoo nkauj rau cov menyuam yaus hauv zos.

Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub zos muaj ib lub tsev ntawm Creativity ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv, los ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm tsev cia puav pheej muaj peev xwm nco ntsoov lub tsev ntawm B. Pasternak, K. Chukovsky, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam tau pom lawv qhov chaw so zaum kawg ntawm no.