Kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov av yog ib txoj haujlwm ntev thiab nyuaj rau xwm. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov teeb meem organic rau hauv cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Txhua yam teeb meem uas nkag mus rau hauv av yog lim tom qab qee lub sij hawm thiab poob tej yam tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Soil self-purification processes
Av muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau kev ntxuav tus kheej. Cov av microorganisms tau koom nrog hauv kev lag luam no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib ntawm noo noo, oxygen thiab physico-chemical zog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov av microorganisms lim cov khoom pov tseg uas nkag mus rau hauv av hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dej tsis kho. Ntau yam khib nyiab nyob rau hauv qhov hws ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av.
Nws tuaj yeem yog:
• excrement;
• tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag;
• tsev neeg pov tseg.
Tus nqi decomposition nyob ntawm qib oxygen hauv av. Aerobic los yog anaerobic kev kho mob pab kom decompose organic teeb meem.
Aerobic condition
Kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov av hauv txoj kev no mus zoo li no:
• hauv avfatty acids yog tsim;
• ces decompose rau hauv ntau yam gaseous tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm methane, organic alcohols thiab carbon dioxide.
Cov rog lawv tus kheej decompose qeeb qeeb dua li carbohydrates. Ua ntej, cov rog tau tawg mus rau hauv fatty acids, thiab tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no yuav tshwm sim. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj oxygen nyob rau hauv cov av, ntau cov ntxhiab tsw fatty thiab volatile acids tsim. Cov khoom uas muaj ntau ntawm nitrogenous tebchaw kuj nkag mus rau hauv av. Lawv nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov protein metabolism. Los ntawm cov theem ntev ntawm cleavage, lawv maj mam tig mus rau hauv cov amino acids. Feem ntau cov proteins siv cov amino acids ua lawv cov khoom siv zog. Ammonification tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm mineralization. Urea kuj tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxhia, uas nws thiaj li hloov mus ua ammonia. Nyob rau hauv theem kawg ntawm mineralization, yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuaj yog hloov mus rau nitrates. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tau txais cov as-ham.
Anaerobic Conditions
Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom huv ntawm cov av, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov xwm txheej anaerobic. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cov av yog oversaturated nrog pov tseg, uas ua rau ib tug loj noo noo peev xwm thiab capillarity. Ntxiv nrog rau nitrification, cov txheej txheem ntawm denitrification tshwm sim, qhov twg nitrate microorganisms raug txo kom nitrites, ammonia thiab nitrogen oxides. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm tsis muaj oxygen thiab pab mus rau lub ceev restoration ntawm cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm denitrification, huab cua atmospheric tau txais ntxiv saturation nrog nitrogen. Yuav ua li cassai dua cov av yog tshem tawm ntawm cov organic kuab paug, qhov ceev ntawm cov pa phem lom yuav tig mus rau hauv kev pab cuam, uas yog hu ua chiv los yog compost. Feem ntau cov kab mob kab mob thiab cov qe helminth tuag los ntawm ziab tawm, uas pab ntxuav cov av.
Humus formation
Raws li kev ua kom huv ntawm tus kheej, humus yog tsim - qhov no yog cov organic tshwj xeeb uas ua rau cov av fertility ntau dua. Hauv cov neeg nws hu ua humus. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov khoom siv organic uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov av hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa phem maj mam tig rov qab mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tau zoo. Lawv tuaj yeem siv ua chiv. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke tsis tuaj yeem tig mus ua ib yam dab tsi pab tau rau cov av. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau humus rau tsim, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nws yuav siv sij hawm tag nrho lub caij sov kom txog thaum pib ntawm thawj Frost. Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos los tsim cov chiv. Yog hais tias muaj qaib nyob rau hauv lub teb, ces nws yog ntshaw kom lawv txheeb nws tawm tas li, ces lub compost yuav ua tau ib tug pab fertilizer sai npaum li cas. Ua tsaug rau cov compost, koj tuaj yeem nce cov txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis tas siv tshuaj.
Kev tiv thaiv av
txhawm rau tswj kom zoo ntawm cov av nyob rau theem uas yuav tsis tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem ntsuas uas yuav tsis tsuas yog txuag, tab sis kuj nce cov khoom tsim tau. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb raug tsim, uas:
• koom nrog kev soj ntsuam kev noj qab haus huvav;
• ua haujlwm npaj;
• ua kom huv si;
• tsim kev cai lij choj, thev naus laus zis huv huv uas ua rau kev ntxuav cov av sai thiab zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv kev huv hauv av yog kev txhim kho cov qauv kev tu cev. Cov lus qhia no pab txiav txim siab seb cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb lossis tsis zoo rau cov av. Tab sis tag nrho cov qauv no tseem txhim kho tsis zoo, txij li tsuas yog 200 ntawm lawv tau tsim, thaum ntau tshaj kaum tawm txhiab tus tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv av.
Cov kev ntsuas yog tsom rau kev tsim cov khoom tsis muaj pov tseg lossis cov khoom pov tseg qis ntawm cov lag luam, nrog rau txo qis qhov ua rau muaj kuab lom. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg, koj yuav tsum:
• nqa tawm hydrolysis;
• tsim cov khib nyiab pov tseg;
• tsim cov nroj tsuag biometric;
• compost;
• categorize pov tseg rau recycling.
Kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov av yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias, ntawm lub neej niaj hnub thiab kev tsim khoom, kev ua cov khoom pov tseg thiab ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab tsis ua tiav. Rau lub hom phiaj no, dej phwj yog nqa tawm los yog cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muab koj lub tsev nrog cov dej phwj tuaj, yuav tsum muaj cov tsev nyob hauv vaj. Raws li cov qauv kev huv thiab huv, lawv yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 20 meters los ntawm thaj chaw nyob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, koj xav tau ib hnub ib zaug ib qho chaw ze ntawm chav dejsprinkle nrog bleach. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces koj yuav tsum sim ntxuav cov cesspools tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua 2 lub hlis.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab cov chaw tso dej kom cov khib nyiab nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej thiab ua kom huv si los ntawm hydrolysis.
theem ntawm av tus kheej purification
Lawv zoo li no:
- Thaum kev lwj, aeration tshwm sim, uas yog, nqus oxygen; mineralization thiab tsim cov ntxhia tshuaj; humification, uas yog, tsim ntawm humus.
- Fermentation siv lub zog thiab tsim cov roj fetid hauv daim ntawv ntawm ammonia, methane, hydrogen, thiab ntau dua.
- Nitrification yog txheej txheem oxidative.
- Denitrification - depletion ntawm cov av nrog cov khoom siv nitrogenous.
Cov kab lus teev tag nrho cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov av, nrog rau cov kev ua ub no uas tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov av tuaj yeem ntxuav nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm tus txiv neej. Yog li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm ntawm noob neej yog kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau cov av thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg, vim tias qhov xwm txheej tsis tiv nrog lawv tag nrho. Yog tias av muaj kuab paug txuas ntxiv mus rau tib lub sijhawm, tom qab 20 xyoo tib neeg yuav tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov huv thiab tsis muaj paug, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv.
