Mushroom qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam: daim ntawv qhia, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:53

Russia yog hav zoov nplua nuj, thiab khaws cov nceb yog ib txwm ua haujlwm Lavxias. Qhov chaw nceb tsim nyog tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Lavxias. Tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov chaw tam sim no koj tuaj yeem khaws cov nceb. Huab cua thiab av muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, vim tias, tsis zoo li cov nroj tsuag, nws absorbs yuav luag txhua yam tshuaj yaj hauv dej zoo li daim txhuam cev. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav kawm txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nceb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog qhov chaw twg yuav tsum zam. Thiab tseem hais txog qhov twg feem ntau cov nceb loj hlob, qhov chaw no muaj dab tsi thiab yuav mus li cas.

Geography ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow

Lub cheeb tsam Moscow yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm European thaj chaw ntawm Russia, hauv Central Federal District, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm East European Plain. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam belongs rau lub basins ntawm txawv dej: Oka, Moskva, Klyazma. Tag nrho lawvyog cov tributaries ntawm lub Volga.

Thaj chaw yog dominated los ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj tus. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws yog roob ntau dua, thaum nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws qis.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow

cheeb tsam yog tswj hwm los ntawm huab cua huab cua continental nrog cov caij sib txawv. Lub caij ntuj sov sov tab sis tsis kub, thiab lub caij ntuj no yog nruab nrab. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm cheeb tsam, continentality yog nce, uas yog manifested nyob rau hauv muaj zog lub caij ntuj no frosts thiab kub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Cov dej nag txhua xyoo sib txawv ntawm 500 hli nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj mus rau 1000 hli nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Daus npog yog lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis.

Ntsuag thaj chaw

cheeb tsam Moscow yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hav zoov, uas yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov nceb. Cov hav zoov npog me ntsis tsawg dua ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw. Feem ntau yog sib xyaw hav zoov. Lawv yog cov feem ntau raug rau nruab nrab thiab sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, coniferous hav zoov ntawm spruce, spruce nrog ntoo thuv thiab ntoo thuv yog tsis tshua muaj. Kuj tseem muaj cov hav zoov uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kab me me (qee zaum dav-leaved) hom nrog cov lus qhia undergrowth thiab tuab nyom nyom. Cov nroj tsuag hav zoov nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av Moscow yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog thaj tsam yav qab teb taiga.

Zaj hav zoov thiab thaj av ua liaj ua teb muaj dav nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm thaj av.

Cov hom tsiaj ntawm hav zoov cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab hom kab mob ntawm nceb.

Nyob li cas cov nceb loj hlob hauv suburbs?

Nyob hauv hav zoov ntawm thaj av Moscow koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam nceb sib txawv. Los ntawm tus nqi, cov nceb hauv zos muab faib ua 4Pawg:

1. Cov nceb muaj nqis tshaj plaws yog cov nceb dawb thiab 2 hom nceb mis: tiag thiab daj. Lawv suav hais tias qab tshaj plaws.
2. Cov nceb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: champignons, chanterelles, volushki, boletus, podgruzdok.
3. nceb ntawm nruab nrab zoo: zib ntab nceb, butterdish, morel, russula.
4. nceb tsis zoo, tsis tsim nyog xaiv yam tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb - blackberry, violin, qus champignon, kua txob nceb, nceb cuav thiab lwm yam.

Ntxiv rau cov nceb thiab cov nceb kuj tseem muaj tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws yog daj ntseg grebe. Thiab dhau ntawm nws: ib kab zoo tib yam, mis nyuj nceb, cib-liab nceb.

Tseem muaj lwm yam tshuaj lom nceb uas tsim nyog paub thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom noj. Qhov no yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom.

Yuav tsum paub dab tsi thaum xaiv nceb hauv suburbs

Nyob hauv thaj chaw, thawj cov nceb tshwm tom qab tsim huab cua sov thiab ntub. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub Yim Hli thiab Lub Xya Hli. Mus ntsib cov chaw nceb ntawm thaj av Moscow thaum lub caij, koj yuav tau txais kev sau zoo heev. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to yog thaum sawv ntxov. Lub sijhawm no, cov nceb yog cov tshiab thiab kav ntev dua. Koj kuj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias cov nceb tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Qee cov nceb txaus ntshai yuav zoo li cov khoom noj tau. Koj yuav tsum tau xav txog cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no ntawm cov kws paub txog nceb pickers:

1. Tsis txhob noj cov nceb qub thiab flabby.
2. Sau nceb ze ntawm txoj kev loj thiab cov kab tsheb ciav hlau tau poob siab vimnce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem hauv huab cua thiab av.
3. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob khaws cov nceb nyob ze ntawm lub nroog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov loj. Tib yam siv tau rau cov chaw pov tseg thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom lossis tub rog pov tseg.
4. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa cov nceb thiab cov kaus poom los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntiag tug tsis paub, vim tsis paub tias lawv khaws qhov twg thiab lawv tau npaj li cas.
5. Ua ntej thauj cov nceb, lawv yuav tsum ntxuav cov khib nyiab thiab ua tib zoo tso.

Qhov twg hauv suburbs koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nceb

Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov chaw nceb zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Moscow yog spruce, ntoo thuv, ntoo qhib thiab hav zoov birch. Hauv qab rowan, alder thiab poplar nceb tsis tshua muaj.

Lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob ob qho tib si hauv av thiab ntawm qhov chaw loj hlob lossis tuag ntoo, nrog rau cov pob zeb thiab pob tw.

Yog tias koj xav tau nceb, cov kws paub txog cov nceb qhia tawm tswv yim nrhiav cov ntoo decrepit decaying. Mushrooms tuaj yeem pom hauv qab hav zoov ze ntawm cov ntoo lwj.

Morels nyiam hlawv, noj ncaj qha los ntawm tshauv.

Nyob hauv hav zoov tuab ntawm thaj av Moscow, hauv cov nyom thiab cov nyom siab siab, nceb tsis tshua muaj.

Qhov chaw nceb tshaj plaws hauv hav zoov ntawm thaj av Moscow

txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw nceb, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Moscow Railway. Ua ntej koj pib sau, koj yuav tsum txav deb ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau rau qee qhov deb, thiab tseem nyob deb ntawm txoj kev loj thiab kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li hauv qab no los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus xyuas ncebqhov chaw nyob ze Moscow los ntawm lub tsheb - qhov no yuav muab lub cib fim sai sai tsiv mus rau lwm qhov chaw thiab tsis raug tso tseg yam tsis xav tau sau.

Yog tias koj ntseeg cov lus ntawm cov kws paub txog nceb nceb, ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nrhiav nceb yog Ryazan. Koj tuaj yeem nres ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no: Shchurovo, Chernaya, Lukhovitsy. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau tus chanterelles thiab nceb. Hauv daim duab, qhov chaw nceb nyob ze Moscow saib zoo.

nceb hauv thaj av Istra

Tseem muaj ntau cov nceb thiab nceb khaws cia hauv thaj chaw no. Cov neeg hais tias lawv khaws cov khoom plig ntawm hav zoov nrog pob tawb. Feem ntau, cov nplua nuj "sau" tau sau rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Nazarovo.

Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem. Ua ntej, los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Riga chaw nres tsheb mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. Rumyantsevo. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, lawv mus rau Nazarovo los ntawm tsheb npav, uas tawm thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tav su.

Los ntawm kev thauj tus kheej koj yuav tsum tau mus rau lub zos. Rumyantsevo raws Volokolamskaya los yog Novorizhskaya txoj kev loj los ntawm Moscow Ring Road. Tom qab ntawd tig sab laug, tsav mus rau Kurovo, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Nazarovo. Hauv cheeb tsam nws tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem khaws tau nceb.

Sau nceb hauv cheeb tsam Chekhov

Paj teb pib ntawm lub zos. Chekhov. Ntawm no, raws li nceb pickers, nceb, boletus thiab boletus loj hlob. Koj tuaj yeem mus txog ntawm lub tsheb raws txoj kev loj Simferopol. Ntawm tsib caug kilometers tig mus rau Melikhovo.

Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem, piv txwv li, los ntawm Yuzhnoye metro chaw nres tsheb los ntawm lub npav npav 365, lossis los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau suburban los ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Kursk, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm tsheb npav lossis minibus tus lej 25.

Mushroom chaw ze Domodedovo

Ntawm no hauv hav zoov sib xyawporcini nceb, aspen nceb thiab boletus nceb. Yuav kom mus txog qhov ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tsav 15 km ntawm Moscow Ring Road raws txoj kev Kashirskoye, tsiv mus rau Domodedovo. Tom qab tsiv R. Pakhroy tig laug. Tsav mus rau lub zos ntawm Semivragi thiab Kolychevo, thiab ces mus rau lub zos ntawm Novlyanskoye. Ces ntxiv 500 meters mus rau tom hav zoov.

Koj tuaj yeem tau tsheb npav los ntawm Domodedovo chaw nres tsheb mus rau Semivragov (No. 23), uas khiav ntau zaus hauv ib hnub.

Ntau yam nceb hauv thaj av Noginsk

Ntawm no, txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, kev xaiv cov nceb yog qhov ruaj khov: porcini, boletus, boletus, mokruhi, mis nyuj nceb, chanterelles, zib ntab nceb, fiddlers, npua, kaus thiab lwm yam.

Koj tuaj yeem taug txoj kev Nosovikhinsky txoj kev mus rau lub zos hu ua Vorovskoy.

Los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau: raws Gorky railway mus rau Khrapunovo platform. Ces mus hla lub zos, mus rau sab qab teb, hla teb mus, hla hav zoov yuav pom.

qhov chaw nceb hauv cheeb tsam Dmitrovsky

Ntawm no loj hlob boletus, boletus, porcini nceb, nceb, mis nyuj nceb, volnushki, russula, qee zaum nceb. Nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej Klubish, nruab nrab ntawm lub zos ntawm Staro thiab Khoroshilovo, raws li kev paub txog nceb pickers hais tias, koj muaj peev xwm sau tau ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm hav zoov khoom plig.

Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Savelovsky. Los yog los ntawm tsheb raws txoj kev loj Dmitrov mus rau lub zos. Iksha. Nws muaj txoj kev thev naus laus zis - tig mus rau nws. Tom qab ntawd peb hla lub zos Khoroshilovo, dhau qhov uas hav zoov pib.

Mushroom chaw hauv Yaroslavl kev taw qhia

Kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov kev taw qhia nopeb mus txog Ashukinskaya los yog Pushkino los yog platforms 43 thiab 76 km. Qhov chaw nceb feem ntau ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow hauv qhov kev taw qhia no, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias, tuaj yeem pom sab hnub poob ntawm lub platform 43 km.

Top nceb nceb

Puas yog qhov chaw nceb tshaj plaws nyob hauv nroog? Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam muaj ntau qhov chaw zoo heev rau ib tug ua tau zoo "kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to". Raws li cov ntawv xov xwm "Mushroom picker ntawm Russia", cov cheeb tsam uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nceb yog Ruzsky, Stupinsky, Egorevsky, Odintsovsky, Klinsky, Dmitrovsky, Kolomensky thiab Orekhovo-Zuevsky. Yuav ua li cas rau ib tug nceb picker xav tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv?

Hauv cheeb tsam Stupinsky, txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov nceb dawb, aspen nceb thiab zib ntab agarics. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau qhov chaw nceb nrog kev thauj mus los zoo tau paub hauv cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb ciav hlau, uas mus los ntawm Paveletsky railway chaw nres tsheb. Tawm ntawm st. Mikhnevo. Yog tias koj tsiv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb mus rau sab hnub poob, tom qab 3.5 km koj yuav pom koj tus kheej hauv hav zoov uas koj tuaj yeem khaws tau nceb. Yog tias koj mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tom qab li 3 km yuav muaj hav zoov nplua nuj hauv nceb. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau tus boletus, nigella, valui, russula.

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam Ruza, koj tuaj yeem sau tau ntau cov nceb. Thaj chaw no yog suav tias yog ecologically huv si thiab paub txog nws cov hav zoov. Muaj ntau cov nceb nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Oreshek thiab Novovolkovo. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm tsheb npav 25 los ntawm lub nroog Ruza (nres: "Luzhki", "Sevvodstroy", "Rakitino"). Yog tias koj mus rau Oreshek, qhov no yog lub npav 26. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau lub zos Vertoshino. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas aspen hav zoov, yog hais tiasntseeg qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nceb ntau.

Aspen nceb, porcini nceb, volnushki, chanterelles, birch boletus, greenfinches thiab lwm yam loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam Yegoryevsky. Koj yuav tsum tau mus rau ib lub zos: Vereika, Savvino, Shuvoye, Kostino, Loj Gridino los yog mus rau lub zos Ryazanovsky. Cov kws paub txog nceb tau ceeb toom: koj tuaj yeem poob hauv cov hav zoov no, thiab dhau li ntawd, muaj ntau tus nab nyob hauv lawv. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nqa cov khau siab, daim ntawv qhia, compass, GPS thiab ceev faj.

YNyob hauv cheeb tsam Dmitrovsky, npauj npaim, boletus, chanterelles, aspen nceb, nceb, volnushki, russula loj hlob. Nws yooj yim dua los ntawm koj lub tsheb ntawm no. Yuav tsum tsiv mus nyob rau lub zos. Iksha raws txoj kev loj Dmitrovskoye, tom qab ntawd, ua ntej mus txog txoj kev hla, tig mus rau txoj kev Tekhnologicheskaya thiab, tom qab hla lub zos Khoroshilovo, tawm mus rau hauv hav zoov. Ntawm no, txiav txim los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, koj tuaj yeem khaws porcini nceb, zib ntab nceb, boletus nceb, nceb mis nyuj, volnushki, russula, boletus. Tsis tshua muaj redheads. Nruab nrab ntawm cov zos ntawm Staro thiab Khoroshilovo, tus dej qhuav Klubish ntws, ntawm ntug dej uas kuj muaj ntau cov nceb.

Txoj hav zoov ntawm thaj av Odintsovo yog nplua nuj nyob hauv porcini nceb thiab zib ntab agarics. Cov hav zoov ntawm thaj av no feem ntau tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov nceb pickers yog nyob 1 km sab qab teb ntawm chaw nres tsheb. Larks. Muaj ntau cov zib mu nceb nyob rau hauv Butyn koog tsev kawm ntawv ze ntawm txoj kev loj Minsk. Tab sis tsis txhob khaws cov nceb ze ntawm txoj kev! Lwm hav zoov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nceb yog nyob ze ntawm lub zos Khlyupino. Lawv hais tias muaj ntau cov nceb thiab nceb nyob ntawm no.

Meshcherskaya lowland yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua hom nceb noj tau. Mushroom thaj chaw ze ntawm lub nroog Roshal tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau nws los ntawm Moscow - los ntawm tsheb npav 376 los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. hauv av"Kotelniki", ces - los ntawm lub nroog npav 4, mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. "Leskhoz" thiab los ntawm npav npav 10 mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. SNT Ib Xyoos.

Hauv cheeb tsam Klin, tsis deb ntawm Klin, muaj kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag thaum lub caij nceb. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los sau cov khoom plig hav zoov ntawm no - lawv loj hlob ntawm ob sab ntawm Leningrad txoj kev loj: nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Solnechnogorsk - boletus, chanterelles thiab boletus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hauv cheeb tsam Reshetnikovo, muaj boletus thiab dawb. Nyob ze ntawm txoj kev loj Dmitrovsky, koj tuaj yeem sau cov nceb dawb thiab aspen (koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sau lawv ze ntawm txoj kev loj nws tus kheej!). Ntxiv rau txoj kev, raws li kev paub txog nceb pickers paub tseeb tias, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav chanterelles thiab aspen nceb.

Nyob hauv Kolomensky koog tsev kawm ntawv, ze ntawm lub zos Shapkino, nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov hav zoov loj hlob: porcini nceb, chanterelles, oyster nceb, 2 hom zib mu nceb, morel, russula, npua, dawb podgruzdok, boletus, volnushki, mis nyuj nceb, uas yog, yuav luag txhua hom nceb noj tau. Thaj chaw no nyob 8 km qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Kolomna. Nws yooj yim dua mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm lub tsheb ntiag tug. Lwm qhov chaw nceb yog 8 km sab hnub poob ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub nroog Kolomna, ze ntawm lub zos Kolodkino. Nyob ze nws muaj lub pas dej loj. Nws kuj yooj yim dua mus txog ntawm lub tsheb ntiag tug.

Muaj nceb hauv thaj av Mytishchi. Muaj chanterelles, nceb, Morels, boletus thiab aspen nceb. Tag nrho cov chaw no nyob ze ntawm Dynamo tua ntau yam, nrog rau hauv hav zoov ze ntawm txoj kev ntawm Afanasovo thiab Terpigorievo.

Hauv cheeb tsam Orekhovo-Zuevsky hauv hav zoov "Parkovy" muaj boletus, chanterelles, aspen nceb, russula. Npua, chanterelles, thiab russula loj hlob hauv hav zoov Krutovsky. Hauv Isaakievsky (Pine hav zoov) koj tuaj yeem khaws butterflies, chanterelles, nceb, boletus, russula. mus nyob ntawdCov chaw no tuaj yeem mus txog los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem.

Mushroom picking and ecology

Lub hauv paus system ntawm nceb absorbs ntau yam kab mob zoo los ntawm cov av. Yog li ntawd, qhov twg cov av muaj kab mob, lawv khaws tsis tau.

cheeb tsam Moscow yog ib qho ntawm cov pa phem tshaj plaws hauv Russia. Muaj kuab paug los ntawm kev thauj mus los, kev lag luam, hluav taws kub hauv tsev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov suburbs ntawm lub peev, cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av ntawd hnyav heev. Qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av Moscow.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nceb pickers

Kev tshuaj xyuas txog cov chaw nceb ntawm thaj av Moscow txawv heev thiab nyob ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, xyoo tshwj xeeb thiab thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov nceb nceb hauv cheeb tsam Moscow yog qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej random. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau lawv twb tag lawm tom qab lwm cov nceb pickers.

Zoo kawg

Cov chaw nceb nyob ze Moscow muaj ntau heev thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev los ntawm Moscow. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm tsheb lossis tsheb thauj neeg pej xeem. Lawv yeej tsim nyog mus xyuas. Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ib hnub los khaws cov nceb, txhua yam nyob ntawm seb hom qoob loo twg koj xav sau.

Kev paub txog nceb pickers paub tseeb tias: muaj cov nceb txaus nyob hauv hav zoov ntawm thaj av Moscow. Ntxiv mus, lawv zoo heev uas koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas sau tau ob peb lub thoob ntawm nceb, nceb thiab mis nyuj nceb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo so hauv qhov xwm txheej. Qee lub sij hawm muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo thaum cov tsev ntiag tug pom nyob hauv qhov chaw nceb qub.