Aster tsev neeg (composite): yam ntxwv, duab thiab cov neeg sawv cev

Cov txheej txheem:

Aster tsev neeg (composite): yam ntxwv, duab thiab cov neeg sawv cev
Aster tsev neeg (composite): yam ntxwv, duab thiab cov neeg sawv cev

Video: Aster tsev neeg (composite): yam ntxwv, duab thiab cov neeg sawv cev

Video: Aster tsev neeg (composite): yam ntxwv, duab thiab cov neeg sawv cev
Video: Tus Cawm Seej Hloov Neeg Txoj Hmoo (HD) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Peb yuav tham txog ib qho ntawm ntau tsev neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag dicotyledonous - aster (composite). Yog tsis pom nws, peb ntsib nws cov neeg sawv cev yuav luag txhua hnub - hauv lub neej txhua hnub, hauv kev ua noj, thiab tsuas yog ntawm txoj kev. Paj ntawm tsev neeg aster yog kab tias muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub txaj paj thiab lub vaj, thiab tsis muaj chav ua noj ua tau yam tsis muaj roj sunflower.

Aster tsev neeg
Aster tsev neeg

Aster tsev neeg: cov yam ntxwv dav dav

Tsev neeg suav nrog ntau cov genera, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau muab tus lej tseeb, nws muaj li ntawm 1100 txog 1300, thiab muaj ntau dua 20,000 ntau yam. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog pollinated los ntawm kab. Qhov chaw faib khoom yog dav heev, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no pom nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw huab cua: los ntawm kub thiab av noo tropics mus rau txias tundra, siab nyob rau hauv lub roob thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv. Lawv loj hlob ntawm chernozems fertile thiab suab puam xuab zeb. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm hom muab asters nrog ntau yam ntawmKev siv nyiaj txiag hauv tib neeg lub neej.

Ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua cov nroj tsuag uas suav nrog tsev neeg Asteraceae yog ib qho inflorescence complex - lub pob tawb, uas muaj ntau lub paj me me thiab tsis pom tseeb, tab sis ua ke lawv tsim cov duab zoo nkauj heev.

Paj qauv

Lub npe ntawm inflorescence zoo li hais rau nws tus kheej: lub pob tawb, uas yog, ib lub thawv uas ib yam dab tsi yog tais. Lub peev xwm yog lub pedicel txuas rau thaum kawg, nws tuaj yeem ua tiaj tus, convex lossis concave. Tsuas yog ntawm nws muaj ntau lub paj me me. Thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov no yog surrounded los ntawm ib los yog ntau kab ntawm bracts. Tag nrho cov paj ntawm tsev neeg tau muab faib ua tsib hom:

  • Tubular, feem ntau hermaphrodite thiab ntau tsawg dua tib-poj niam txiv neej. Lawv zoo li lub raj uas nthuav thaum kawg los yog khoov.
  • Paj tsis tseeb - lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas peb petals thiab muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm cloves nyob rau ntawm ntug sab sauv.
  • Reed - lub corolla muaj cov duab ntawm lub raj luv, uas cov nplooj loj hlob ua ke. Raws li txoj cai, lawv muaj tsib stamens thiab ib tug pistil.
  • Funnel-puab - paj ntawm cov duab asymmetric, asexual, corolla nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj ntev tau nthuav dav ntawm qhov kawg (funnel).
  • Ob-lipped paj - lub raj corolla ntev txaus, thiab ob tus nplaig (duab) tau khoov ntawm nws. Yuav ua tau bisexual lossis tib-poj niam txiv neej.
Aster tsev neeg: cov neeg sawv cev
Aster tsev neeg: cov neeg sawv cev

Yog tias peb coj tib lub paj noob hlis ua piv txwv, ces peb txhua tus tau siv los pom nws liib lush thiab paj zoo nkauj. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm los ntawm qhov pom ntawm botany. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws yog ib tug inflorescence uas muaj ntau tshaj 1000 ib tug me me paj (tubular), thiab dav thiab ci txiv kab ntxwv los yog daj petals yog reed paj. Lub koom haum zoo kawg nkaus thiab muag heev, xav tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej mus rau qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg muaj cov qauv paj hauv qab no:

Ca(0, fused) Co(5) A (5) G(2).

Nws yog ib yam rau tag nrho tsev neeg aster. Lub paj mis yog deciphered raws li nram no: lub paj yog bisexual, muaj ob peb dav hlau ntawm symmetry, ib tug calyx, ib tug corolla ntawm tsib petals, 5 stamens, ob pistils, ib lub zes qe menyuam saum lawv.

qauv ntawm nplooj thiab cag

Txog tus qauv ntawm nplooj tsuas yog hais tau nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, vim qhov no yog ib pawg loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam kev ua neej. Sunflower, burdock, thistle, asters thiab zinnias, Jerusalem artichoke, tsob ntoo cov ntaub ntawv, yarrow, gerberas thiab ntau lwm hom - tag nrho cov no yog tsev neeg aster. Cov yam ntxwv dav dav yog tias kev teeb tsa ntawm nplooj feem ntau yog hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab ntau dua li cov duab, sib txawv hauv qhov dav ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau 2-3 meters. Venation nyob rau hauv cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg yog feem ntau pinnate. Cov nplooj tuaj yeem pubescent, qib ntawm kev qhia txawv, ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj spines.

Aster tsev neeg: yees duab
Aster tsev neeg: yees duab

Lub hauv paus yog tsim tau zoo heev thiab feem ntau cov nroj tsuagmuaj cov qauv tseem ceeb (zoo-tsim lub hauv paus loj thiab ntau yam adventitious). Piv txwv li, nws yog txaus kom nco qab ib tug raug neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg - tshuaj dandelion, muaj coob tus paub txog nws thiab nws cov hauv paus system. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj kev hloov kho nrog cov thickenings zoo li lub tuber, piv txwv li, burdock.

Cov txiv ntoo ntawm tsev neeg aster muaj dab tsi?

Asteraceae (compositae) muaj achene txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog qhuav, lub noob muaj ib tug. Lub pericarp yog tawv thiab tsis tawg thaum siav. Kev tsim ntawm ntau yam plaub hau, protrusions, thiab peculiar hooks ntawm achene yog dav, uas nyob rau hauv lem pab rau kev sib kis ntawm cov noob nyob rau hauv cov cua (nyob rau hauv dandelion, wormwood), tsiaj los yog ntawm tib neeg cov khaub ncaws (txoj hlua, burdock).

Asteraceae life form

Cov ntawv ua neej tau sawv cev yuav luag tag nrho, thiab qhov no feem ntau yog vim thaj chaw faib khoom loj, tab sis tseem aster (composite) feem ntau yog cov nroj tsuag herbaceous (ib xyoos ib zaug lossis ib xyoos). Qhov ntau thiab tsawg sib txawv - los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev me me mus rau cov loj heev ob peb meters siab.

Paj ntawm tsev neeg Astrov
Paj ntawm tsev neeg Astrov

Ntau hom yog tsob ntoo lossis tsob ntoo uas zoo nkauj heev (txog li 5-8 meters hauv qhov siab). Piv txwv li, lub swamp melampodium, uas yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv ntub, marshy hav zoov ntawm Louisiana hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Tsev neeg Asteraceae kuj muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov ntoo, txawm hais tias lawv yog cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb. Piv txwv li, scalesia hauv Galapagos Islands tuaj yeem ncav cuag20 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, tab sis nws yog endemic, thiab nws yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Los yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm genus Brachilena los ntawm South Africa. Cov ntoo loj loj uas muaj ntoo muaj zog txaus uas tiv taus kev lwj, uas lawv muaj nuj nqis heev.

Nyob hauv thaj av alpine ntawm New Zealand, lub downy haatsia tsim tag nrho cov thickets. Nov yog daim ntawv zoo li tsob ntoo uas npog thaj chaw loj loj nrog cov ntaub pua plag tuab txog li ib nrab metres siab (ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog ob metres hauv txoj kab uas hla).

Pom ntawm Compositae lianas (mikania, mutisia), succulents thiab txawm tias tsis tshua muaj lub neej daim ntawv li tumbleweeds (kis cornflower, dwarf asteriscus).

Kev lig kev cai, tag nrho tsev neeg Aster tau muab faib ua ob pawg: tubular thiab reed.

Subfamily Asteraceae (Tubular)

Qhov ntau dhau ntawm cov xim yog tubular. Cov nroj tsuag no muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab genera thiab ntau tshaj nees nkaum pab pawg neeg (ib tug taxonomic qeb nyob rau hauv botany, uas yog qis dua ib tsev neeg nyob rau hauv tus nqi, tab sis siab tshaj ib tug genus). Piv txwv li, cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog aster, calendula, sunflower, navel, marigold thiab lwm yam.

Subfamily chicory (los yog lettuce)

aster (Composite)
aster (Composite)

Lawv lub npe thib ob yog reed, tsis zoo li tsev neeg yav dhau los, lawv tsuas muaj xya pawg neeg xwb, thiab cov genera muaj txog ob puas - qhov no yog ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag suav nrog tsev neeg Asteraceae. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm chicory loj hlob nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws hom nto moo tshaj plaws yog chicory.feem ntau, notable rau kaj xiav paj thiab feem ntau raws li ib tug nroj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag yog tsob ntoo zib ntab zoo, thiab hauv kev ua noj, cov cag yog siv los ua kas fes.

Aster tsev neeg: khoom noj muaj nqis

Kev siv cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg no hauv kev ua noj ua haus tau nrov rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws yog oilseed sunflower. Nws lub tebchaws yog North America. Nws tau ntse acclimatized nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, tam sim no paj noob hlis yog zus nyob rau hauv ib tug industrial scale. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, sunflower roj. Tab sis tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau txais cov noob, lard (cov roj rog siv los ua cov margarine thiab xab npum), thiab cov khoom pov tseg yog siv los ua tsiaj pub.

Aster tsev neeg
Aster tsev neeg

Lwm lub ci thiab noj tau, tab sis, hmoov tsis, peb tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg - artichoke (daim duab). Kev lig kev cai, nws yog suav hais tias yog zaub, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug unopened bud. Raws li cov zaub mov ywj siab lossis sab phaj, nws tau nthuav dav hauv cov tebchaws Mediterranean thiab hauv Asmeskas.

Lub Jerusalem artichoke yog nto moo rau nws saj, cultivated tsis tsuas yog raws li zaub mov, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug technical thiab fodder cog.

Kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tshuaj muaj nqis

Tsev neeg aster (yees duab) tau ntev tau nto moo rau nws cov hniav thiab paj.

Aster tsev neeg
Aster tsev neeg

Cov neeg yug tsiaj tau bred tus lej suav tsis tau ntawm ntau hom paj paj. Txhua tus paub txog chrysanthemums thiab gerberas nrov hauv khw paj. Tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua tus uas muajmuaj paj txaj, cog asters lossis daisies, zinnias thiab marigolds, dahlias thiab ageratums.

Ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yog: chamomile, arnica yarrow, succession, mis thistle, wormwood, tansy, calendula thiab ntau lwm tus. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub cev tau raug sim thiab ua pov thawj, decoctions lossis infusions ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab no yog cov tshuaj homeopathic zoo tshaj plaws.

Aster tsev neeg
Aster tsev neeg

Tsev neeg aster, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev paub, tej zaum, rau txhua tus, tau muab lub ntiaj teb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam, ornamental, nroj tsuag tshuaj.

Pom zoo: