Tank T-62: duab, yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Lub nkoj ntawm Lavxias Cov Tub Rog yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam qauv ntawm ntau yam qauv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm armored thiab tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub T-62 tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj serial tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 115 hli caliber. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov tsos ntawm tus qauv no tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho lub tsev tank hauv tsev. Rau kaum xyoo, kev lag luam ntawm USSR tau tsim tsawg kawg 20 txhiab units ntawm cov cuab yeej no. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub cuab yeej, kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm T-62 tank yog muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Qhia rau chav sib ntaus sib tua

T-62 yog lub tank nruab nrab ntawm Soviet. Nws tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm T-55. Serial zus tau tej cov qauv siv mus txog rau thaum lub 70s. Nyob rau hauv 2013, lub T-62 tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pab nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem siv los ntawm ob peb pab tub rog thoob ntiaj teb.

Pib ntawm kev tsim

Nyob rau xyoo 1950, T-55 tau siv los ua lub tank nruab nrab hauv USSR, nruab nrog 100 mm D-10T rifled phom. Raws li lawv haisCov kws tshaj lij, firing los ntawm rab phom no nrog caliber armor-piercing shells tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntaus American M48 nruab nrab tank uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Cov tub rog ntawm Western lub teb chaws twb tau tsim ib txoj kab tshiab cumulative thiab sub-caliber plhaub. Ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws, cov mos txwv no tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub qub Soviet tank. Qhov tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov plhaub tshiab thiab zoo dua tau txhawb nqa cov neeg tsim riam phom Soviet los tsim lub tank hauv tsev uas tsis yog qis dua rau cov qauv Western.

About trends in design

Engineers ntawm Design Bureau of Uralvagonzavod tau ua haujlwm tsim los tsim lub tank tshiab, uas tau teev tseg raws li Cov Khoom No. 140 hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij. Xyoo 1958, tus tsim qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, L. N. yuav tsawg-tech thiab nyuaj siv.

Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm Cov Khoom No. 165. Rau cov qauv no, cov neeg tsim qauv siv lub plhaub thiab turret los ntawm Object No. 140, thiab lub cav ntim thiab chassis los ntawm T-55. Tom qab kev sim ua tiav Hoobkas hauv xyoo 1959, USSR Ministry of Defense txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv kev txhim kho hauv cov lus qhia no. Cov kws tsim khoom siv riam phom Soviet tau muab txoj haujlwm los tsim kom muaj kev cia siab rau lub tank, ua haujlwm ze rau T-55.

Ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv

Thawj zaug, Khoom No. 165 tau npaj los nruab nrog lub tshiab100-mm rifled phom D-54, tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1953. Cov phom no kuj tau siv los ua phom tseem ceeb hauv lwm cov tsheb loj hauv nruab nrab Soviet. Tsis zoo li D-10, qhov projectile raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom tshiab muaj qhov nrawm nrawm, uas yog 1015 m / s. Kev txhim kho kuj cuam tshuam rau kev nkag mus rau armor, uas tau nce los ntawm 25%. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws paub txog Soviet, qhov no tsis txaus los tiv thaiv Western tso tsheb hlau luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub muzzle nres ntawm rab phom ua rau muaj kev thuam ntau heev. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm rab phom, huab cua ntawm cov daus, xuab zeb lossis plua plav unmask lub tank. Nws kuj tiv thaiv tus neeg soj ntsuam kom pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub muzzle nthwv dej tuaj yeem ua mob rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm infantry thiab cov tub rog tsaws ze ntawm lub tank. Ua hauj lwm rau lub tank tshiab cog lus pib nyob rau hauv 1957 ntawm lub Design Bureau of Plant No. 183. Nyob rau hauv 1959, thawj tus qauv tau npaj txhij. Nws qhov kev sim tau kav mus txog xyoo 1961. Thaum lub Yim Hli, tus qauv ntawm T-62 tank tau npaj tiav.

About design

Lub tank T-62 (ib daim duab ntawm chav sib ntaus sib tua tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qauv qub. Namely: lub cav compartment yog nyob rau hauv lub after ib feem, lub tswj compartment yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab sib ntaus sib tua compartment nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov neeg coob ntawm T-62 lub tank muaj plaub tus neeg: tus tsav tsheb, tus thawj coj, tus neeg tua phom thiab tus neeg nqa khoom.

Lub tank yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib txawv los tiv thaiv lub plhaub. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lub thawv nruj-puab welded qauv ntawm armored hull, steel los xij nrog lub thickness ntawm 1.6 mus rau 10.saib, qhov pem hauv ntej tau tsim los ntawm kev txuas ob daim hlau 10-centimeter armored. Lub sab sauv yog inclined los ntawm 60 degrees nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub qis dua. Qhov qis dua hauv lub dav hlau ntsug tau muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 55 degrees. Rau ob sab ntawm lub tank T-62, cov khoom ntsug steel armored los xij 8 cm tuab tau siv. Lub nraub qaum muaj ob daim ntawv: sab sauv 4.5 cm nyob rau hauv vertically, thiab qis dua, uas nws thickness yog 1.6 cm, muab tso rau. ntawm inclination ntawm 70 degrees. Lub thickness ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm tus pej thuam yog 3 cm, thiab lub cover npog lub cav compartment yog me ntsis thinner - 1.6 cm. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub hauv qab rau lub T-62, Soviet designers siv plaub nplooj ntawv uas dhau cov txheej txheem stamping. Lawv cov tuab yog 2 cm. Chrome-nickel-molybdenum steel 42 SM tau siv rau kev tsim cov ntawv pem hauv ntej thiab sab, 49 C qib rau sab nraub qaum thiab ru tsev, thiab chromium-molybdenum steel 43 PSM tau siv rau hauv qab.

Ntawm kev tiv thaiv neeg coob

Txij li thaum muaj hluav taws xob tawg ua rau lub siab ntau dhau hauv lub tank, cov neeg tsim khoom tsim tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv nuclear txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg coob los ntawm hluav taws xob. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub hull thiab turret ntawm T-62 tau ua raws li airtight li sai tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tau nruab nrog tsis siv neeg kaw hatches, cua nkag thiab qhov muag tsis pom. Ib qho tshwj xeeb supercharger-separator ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub alarm, lub hom phiaj yog los tsim kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub tank thiab lim cov cua tuaj. Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nuclear yog ua tiav tom qab lub cuab yeej RBZ-1M, uas cuam tshuam rau gamma-hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tank tau nruab nrog DP-ZB ntaus ntawv, uas tseem sau npe ionizing hluav taws xob.

About riam phom

Cov neeg tsim qauv tau nruab lub tank nrog 115-millimeter U-5TS smoothbore semi-automatic phom. Qhov txuas ntawm rab phom yog tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub casing. Rau cov phom, ib qho ejector thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-hom semi-automatic yog muab. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug kab rov tav wedge rooj vag thiab ob txhais tes: hluav taws xob thiab thaub qab. Underbarrel hydraulic recoil thiab hydropneumatic knurler yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rov qab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov taw qhia ntawm lub siab tsim nyob rau hauv lub chim channel yog 3730 kg / cm2. Tom qab txhua qhov txhaj tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv cartridge tau muab rho tawm los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hatch hauv lub turret.

About mos txwv

Sub-calibre armor-piercing, cumulative thiab high-explosive fragmentation shells tau tsim rau cov phom. Nyob rau hauv lub mos txwv load rau ib chav sib ntaus sib tua, shells ntawm 40 daim yog muab. Lawv yog stacked nyob rau hauv lub engine compartment nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb racks. Cov cuab yeej txheem ntawm lub tank yog sawv cev los ntawm 16 armor-piercing, 16 high-explosive fragmentation thiab 8 cumulative shells. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tank, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem hloov pauv.

Thawj chiv keeb, feathered armor-piercing projectile tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ob lub versions: 3BMZ thiab 3BM4 nrog tib lub loj thiab ballistic zog. Lub steel hull muaj armor-piercing thiabcov lus qhia ballistic. Txhawm rau muab qhov projectile ib lub sijhawm tig, nws tau nruab nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb rau tus ntiv tes stabilizer. Yog li ntawd, kev sib hloov ntawm qhov projectile tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub davhlau nrawm. 3BM3, vim muaj cov tungsten carbide core, muaj kev nkag tau zoo dua armor. Tsis ntev los no, Soviet gunsmiths tsim ib lub mos txwv tshiab, uas tau teev tseg raws li 3BM6. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los versions, cov mos txwv tshiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm tag nrho cov-steel lub cev thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov nqi. Txawm hais tias cov mos txwv no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, lawv tau txais 3BM21, muaj cov tungsten carbide core thiab damper-localizer, thiab 3BM28, rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv monoblock uas tau siv cov uranium depleted.

About tank tshuab rab phom

Ntxiv rau cov phom loj, cov cuab yeej siv tub rog mus txog rau xyoo 1964 tau nruab nrog 7.62-millimeter Soviet tshuab rab phom Goryunov. Tom qab ntawd, SGMT tau hloov nrog Kalashnikov tshuab rab phom ntawm ib qho zoo sib xws. Txij li ob hom phom siv tib lub mos txwv thiab muaj cov khoom sib xws, tsis tas yuav hloov qhov pom. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, PCT tshiab yog sib dua thiab sib zog dua. Tsis zoo li Goryunov tshuab rab phom, tus qauv tshiab muaj qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Hauv ib feeb, koj tuaj yeem tua 800 txhaj tshuaj, thiab tsis yog 600, zoo li yav dhau los. Cov phom phom tshuab yog sawv cev los ntawm 2500 rounds. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sib dhos hauv tapes ntawm 250 pieces txhua. Cov mos txwv yog nruab nrog steel cores, tracer thiabarmor-piercing incendiary mos txwv. Siv qhov kev xaiv tom kawg, nws tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm ib lub phaj armored 0.6 cm tuab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom tshuab coaxial yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub zog thiab riam phom tsis muaj riam phom.

About powertrain

Lub tank yog nruab nrog V-55V, V-shaped, 12-lub tog raj kheej, plaub-stroke, kua-txias diesel cav. Lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm chav tsev yog 580 horsepower. Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom, lub sijhawm lav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam ntawm lub cav yog tsawg kawg 350 teev. Nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tank yog lub cav compartment. Lub hwj chim chav tsev yog txias los ntawm ib tug tubular-ribbon radiator thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kiv cua. Lub cav cua nkag yog ntxuav los ntawm ob-theem cua nqus tsev vacuum VTI-4.

About the fuel system

Cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua yog nruab nrog plaub lub tso tsheb hlau luam sab hauv, tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm 675 liters. Lub tank nyob rau hauv lub hneev ntawm lub tank yog ntim nrog 280 l. Tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog tsim rau 125, 145 thiab 127 liters. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tank tau nruab nrog peb lub tank sab nraud ntawm 95 litres txhua. Lawv raug ntsia rau ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb fender ntawm sab xis ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, sab nraum qab ntawm lub tank tuaj yeem nruab nrog ob lub thoob roj ntawm 200 litres txhua.

Lawv kev sib txuas rau cov roj hluav taws xob tsis muab. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus mus rau hauv qhov system yog nqa tawm ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lub xub ntiagchim ntawm roj tsis cuam tshuam rau maneuverability ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua.

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm

T-62 belongs rau chav kawm ntawm cov tank nruab nrab.
Cov khoom siv tub rog tau tsim los ntawm 1961 txog 1975. nyob rau hauv Soviet Union. Los ntawm 1980 txog 1989 nyob rau hauv Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Dimensions T-62: 933.5 cm - tag nrho ntev ntawm lub tank nrog rab phom, 663 cm - qhov ntev ntawm lub hull. Qhov siab yog 239.5 cm thiab qhov dav yog 330.
Nyhav T-62 - 37 t.
Khoom siv yog nruab nrog telescopic thiab periscopic electro-optical hmo pom.
Ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, lub tank tuaj yeem txav ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 50 km / h. Hla teb chaws - 27 km/h.
Tim lub cannon thiab rab phom coaxial ntawm lub hom phiaj yog ua los ntawm kev siv TSh2B-41 telescopic articulated pom.

About cov cuab yeej siv tub rog virtual

Kev txiav txim los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, Armored Warfare yog nrov heev ntawm gamers ntawm ntau yam kev ua si sib txawv. Ntawm tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog, nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov project Armata T-62.

Nyob hauv qhov kev ua si, tus qauv no tau teev tseg raws li VTRN. Raws li kev paub txog cov neeg ua si, T-62 Veteran tank xyaum tsis txawv nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev los ntawm kev hloov kho 62nd qauv. Txij li thaum VTRN tsis koom nrog pawg hwm, cov kiv cua ntawm lub tank simulators yuav tsum rov qhib cov qauv nrog lub tsheb tub rog no.

In xaus

Xyoo 1969, T-62 tso tsheb hlau luam raug xa mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, qhov chaw uas lawv ua kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv lub 70sxyoo lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Arab-Israeli.

Hauv Iraq, Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tawm tsam Asmeskas M60s thiab British Chieftains. Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Africa thiab Georgia - qhov no yog daim ntawv teev npe tsis tiav ntawm lub tebchaws uas T-62 ua pov thawj tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.