Lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920 thiab tau txais nws cov xwm txheej hauv xyoo 1923. Lub peev yog lub nroog Petrozavodsk. Sab hnub poob ciam teb coincides nrog ciam teb ntawm Finland. Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob yog ntxuav los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb. Txoj kev nyem yog tus cwj pwm zoo li toj roob hauv pes, thiab sab hnub poob nws hla mus rau West Karelian Upland. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws yog Mount Nuorunen.
Climatic nta
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Karelia yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm huab cua huab cua continental. Txawm hais tias lub caij ntuj no ntev, Frosts hnyav heev nyob ntawm no, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj txog nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis. Txawm hais tias feem ntau muaj frosts thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Lub caij ntuj sov luv luv, thiab qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj +20 degrees, thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli, cua txias thiab los nag hnyav twb pib.
huab cua tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Lake Onega thiab Ladoga, ntawm ntug hiav txwv hiav txwv. Ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej, huab cua loj tshaj plaws tau pom thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw Karelia.
Hydrology
Ib txwm, tus naj npawb thiab hom nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu hauv Karelia feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub cev dej, thiab muaj ntau dua 27 txhiab tus dej ntawm no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws suav nrog Chirka-Kem nrog qhov ntev ntawm 221 km, Kem -191km ua. Lawv feem ntau muaj qhov nrawm thiab pob zeb ntug dej.
Tseem muaj 60,000 lub pas dej hauv tebchaws, thiab ua ke nrog cov swamps, tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev yog 2,000 square meters.
Nroog ntiaj teb
Muaj 17 hav zoov nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Thiab tag nrho cheeb tsam nyob ntawm hav zoov yog 148 txhiab square kilometers, uas yog 85% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Karelia.
Cov paj Karelian suav tias yog cov hluas, txij li nws tau tsim tsis ntev dhau los, txog 15 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Koob thiab ntoo thuv thiab spruces yeej nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej. Ze rau thaj tsam Arkhangelsk, Siberian larch pom.
Los ntawm cov kab me me, dav:
- birch fluffy thiab warty;
- grey alder;
- smooth elm;
- ntxhais-lead linden;
- maple;
- aspen.
Nyob rau thaj chaw swampy, ntawm ntug dej, muaj alder dub.
Tab sis, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, Karelia yog thaj av ntawm berries. Cowberries, raspberries, buckthorn thiab juniper, noog cherry thiab ntau hazel loj hlob ntawm no.
tiv thaiv xwm txheej
Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Tsiaj thiab Nroj Tsuag ntawm Karelia tau raug kos rau kev cawm. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib kauj ruam nkaus xwb, muaj 3 lub xeev natural reserves nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub koom pheej:
- Kivach.
- Kostomuksha.
- Part of Kandalaksha Reserve.
Muaj txoj hauv kev ecological rau cov neeg taug kev thiab kev ncig xyuas kev tshawb fawb.
Muaj 3 zaug ntxiv hauv KareliaLub xeev cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws: "Paanajärvi", "Kalevalsky" thiab qee qhov chaw ua si Arkhangelsk "Vodlozersky".
Dhau li ntawm no, lub tebchaws muaj 1 lub vaj botanical, 45 reserves thiab 107 natural monuments. Reserves ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Karelia teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Cov no yog cov chaw tiv thaiv me me uas qee hom tsiaj muaj kev tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, cov neeg ntawm beavers lossis nroj tsuag, piv txwv li, thaj chaw uas muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj.
fauna
Muaj txog 63 hom tsiaj hauv tebchaws. Qee hom muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Tsiaj txhu ntawm Karelia:
- flying squirrel;
- Ladoga ringed foob;
- pob ntseg pob ntseg.
Nerpa, zoo li tus tsiaj ntawm Karelia, nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Ladoga thiab ntawm qee lub pas dej Finnish. Cov tsiaj no sib sau ua ke hauv pawg ntawm 7-15 tus neeg thiab ua neej nyob. Tag nrho cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv Karelia tsis pub tshaj 3 txhiab.
Thiab qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws yog tias txawm tias tus hedgehog zoo tib yam tau txais rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis qhov no yog omnivore uas tuaj yeem noj tau tus kab mob viper uas tsis muaj mob rau nws tus kheej.
Qee cov tsiaj ntawm Karelia yog cov neeg nyiam, piv txwv li, cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm North America yog:
- Canadian beaver;
- US cai;
- muskrat.
Thiab ib tug aub raccoon tuaj ntawm no los ntawm Far East, uas sai sai acclimatized thiab zoo rau niaj hnub no.
In the 60s of the last centuryNpua qus tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws, roe mos lwj, badger, dais thiab hma tau pom nyob rau sab qab teb.
Ntxhais
Nws nyuaj rau xav txog cov tsiaj ntawm Karelia yam tsis muaj noog. Muaj txog 285 hom ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws, 36 ntawm cov uas twb tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Cov no suav nrog cov dav dawb hau dawb, hauv Karelia muaj 40 khub ntawm lawv.
Feem ntau yog cov noog los ntawm cov genus corvids, muaj cov grouse dub, capercaillie, hazel grouse thiab dawb partridges. Thiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj tuaj yeem pom geese uas ya ntawm no los ntawm cov teb chaws sov. Ntau ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog:
- hawk;
- marsh harrier;
- owl;
- kub eagle.
Vim tias muaj ntau lub pas dej hauv Karelia, yog li ntawd, muaj ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog:
- loon;
- duck;
- seagulls;
- sandpiper;
- common eider.
Nyob hauv Phau Ntawv Liab muaj ntau tus noog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws:
| tsev neeg | xwb |
| blush, tern, me tern | |
| owl | - Dav dawb hau plas, Pygmy Owl, Los Daus Owl thiab Grey Owl |
| pigeons | klintukh |
| falcons | merlin, peregrine falcon, kestrel thiab gyrfalcon |
| larks | |
| dawb-rov qab | |
| oatmeal | Lapland plantain |
| snipe | |
| Shrikes | grey shrike |
| thrushes | Nco redstart, white-throated |
| dipper | dipper |
| titmouse | blue tit |
| oystercatchers | mainland oystercatcher |
| pheasants |
- grey partridge thiab quail thiab lwm tus |
Cov tsiaj reptiles
Karelia txom nyem nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj reptiles. Tsuas yog 5 hom tsiaj nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws:
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
Cov tsiaj twg hauv Karelia tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles:
| Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws. | Nov yog ib tug nab uas tsis muaj venomous uas nkaum ntawm tus neeg pom. Yog hais tias koj tswj kom ntes tau tus nab, ces nws tam sim ntawd pib hawb pob, sharply ntuav nws lub taub hau rau pem hauv ntej, yog hais tias tag nrho cov no tsis pab, ces nws pib secrete ib tug "stinky" kua, nyob rau hauv heev mob, nws ua txuj yuav tuag. Cov txiv neej loj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2.5 meters ntev. |
| Quick Lizard | Lawv kuj hu ua agile, nws yog tsev neeg ntawm lizards tiag. Qhov nruab nrab loj yog 25 cm, muaj cov neeg loj hlob mus txog 35 cm. Cov lizard tuaj yeem tso nws tus Tsov tus tw, uas loj hlob dua hauv ib hlis. Lawv noj kab ntsig, kab, kab, thiab tej zaum yuav noj lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. |
Cov neeg nyob hauv dej hiav txwv
Vim tias muaj dej nplua nuj nyob hauv tebchaws, muaj cov ntses loj heev. Txog niaj hnub no, muaj 60 hom, thiab ua ke nrog acclimatized hom - 115, uas yog conditionally ua ke rau hauv 16 tsev neeg.
Cov tsiaj hauv dej ntawm Karelia tau muab faib ua:
| nkag mus saib | Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws. Thiab lawv raug hu ua li ntawd vim hais tias lawv yuav luag tag nrho lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv hiav txwv los yog nyob rau hauv lub pas dej, thiab tuaj rau spawn nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lub sijhawm spawning yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov kib twb caij nkoj mus rau hauv lub reservoir, qhov chaw lawv yuav nyob mus ib txhis. |
| pas dej-dej | Pike, Zander, Whitefish, brook trout, perch, greyling. |
| Marine | Navaga, cod, whitefish, herring, flatfish. |
Ntau hom ntses loj tshaj plaws hauv pas dej Onega thiab Ladoga, ruff, salmon, roach thiab burbot nyob ntawm no. Lake Syamozero, Kuito thiab Pisto River tsis muaj tsawg dua cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov dej fauna.
Hauv Karelia, kev nuv ntses yog ib qho khoom siv qub qub, tab sis niaj hnub no ob peb tus neeg nuv ntses qhia lawv qhov chaw nuv ntses. Rau lub trophynuv ntses tsis haum rau ib lub pas dej, kom ntes tau ib tug tsiaj muaj nuj nqis, koj yuav tau mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws nrog ib tug qhia.
Kab
Zoo, qhov xwm txheej twg tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj kab thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Karelia. Daim duab ntawm ib co npauj npaim yog impressive.
Ntau tus npauj npaim tau nkag rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lub Tebchaws:
- poplar ribbon;
- birch silkworm;
- muag;
- swallowtail;
- xiav sash;
- violet niam-ntawm-pearl.
Tus lej me me hauv thaj chaw ntawm Karelia ntawm ob qho tib si rhino thiab ntau dua tawv tawv elytra.
Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm tebchaws, tsis deb ntawm Segozero, muaj cov zuam loj loj. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws ib txwm ceeb toom txog qhov no, lawv cov dej num poob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog rau Lub Rau Hli. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw no nws raug nquahu kom hnav cov khaub ncaws kaw, mus txog rau lub tsho nrog hoods. Muaj ntau yoov tshaj cum thiab horseflies, midges nyob rau hauv hav zoov ntawm Karelia.
