RATAN 600: lub hom phiaj thiab txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

RATAN-600 yog lub xov tooj cua loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, nyob hauv Karachay-Cherkessia. Daim iav tseem ceeb muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 576 meters, thiab thaj tsam geometric ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov yog 15,000 m2. Lub koob yees duab tau tsim los kawm cov ntiaj chaw, Lub Hnub, galaxies, cov khoom extragalactic, hluav taws xob spectral thiab lwm yam.

History: RATAN-600

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub xov tooj cua hauv tsev hauv xov tooj cua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm S. E. Khaikin thiab N. L. Kaidanovsky tseem ceeb txij li xyoo 50s. Thaum pib, ib qho kev sim Pulkovo telescope tau tsim, raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov tsis sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj.

Nws yog thaum Tsov Rog Txias, thaum kev sib tw ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab USSR tau kub siab txog qhov txwv. Kev coj noj coj ua, kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev tshaj tawm thawj lub satellite, tau thov (rau qhov zoo siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb) los sib sau ua ke qhov kev vam meej los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom loj heev rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw. Lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau-meter iav azimuthal telescope BTA thiab lub xov tooj cua telescope RATAN-600. Txoj haujlwm kawg tau pom zoo thaum Lub Yim Hli 18, 1965.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1974, sab qaum teb tau ua haujlwmReflector thiab irradiator No.1. Thawj lub xov tooj cua PKS 0521-36 tau tshawb xyuas thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, 1974. Thaum pib ntawm 1977, qhov seem ntawm lub complex tau qhia: lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj, sab qab teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob.

Kev piav qhia

Lub koob yees duab RATAN-600 yog ua los ntawm Special Astrophysical Observatory ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb (SAO), tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb kev soj ntsuam hauv tebchaws Lavxias. Cov khoom yog nruab nrog 576-meter lub nplhaib kav hlau txais xov (lub voj voog reflector), muaj 895 yam. Qhov loj ntawm txhua qhov tau txais yog 2 m dav thiab 11.4 m siab.

Tawm ntawm tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm 15,000 m2 ², tus kav hlau txais xov nws tus kheej (sab sab) occupies xwb 3500 m^{2. Sab hauv yog qhov chaw qhib qhov chaw emitters tso, ntau yam khoom siv uas tau txais thiab txheeb xyuas cov hluav taws xob cosmic.}

RATAN-600, nws daim duab zoo nkauj, tau teeb tsa rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Zelenchukskaya lub zos (Karachay-Cherkessia). Qhov chaw soj ntsuam, uas suav nrog cov tsev kuaj mob, cov tsev nyob, thiab tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Bolshoi Zelenchuk River ze rau Nizhne-Arkhyz kev sib haum xeeb ntawm 9th-13th centuries.

Specifications

RATAN-600 siv cov ntsiab cai tshiab ntawm kev siv lub koob yees duab: altazimuth mount, aperture synthesis thiab tswj qhov chaw. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:

• Ntau zaus: 610-30000 MHz.
• Wave range: 1-50cm
• Qhov tseeb: 1-10 arcseconds.
• Angular siab tshaj daws teeb meem: 2ang. sec.
• Brightness ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas: 0.050 mK.
• Flux density limit: 0.500 mJan.

Ua tsaug rau pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas tsim thiab txhim kho cov cuab yeej no tas li, qhov nyuaj tseem yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev soj ntsuam qhov chaw.

Tau qhov rooj

Ntxiv rau lub voj voog ncig uas sau thiab mloog cov ntaub ntawv (kua hluav taws xob), RATAN tau nruab nrog tsib lub tsev txais tos. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej kaw.

Cabins tau muab tso rau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, uas tso cai rau lawv txav mus raws 12 txoj kab hluav taws xob. Mobility muab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom ntawm txawv azimuths nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm 30°.

haujlwm tshawb fawb

Ib txoj haujlwm dav dav ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav hauv SAO, suav nrog:

• Kev kawm paub txog kev ua haujlwm hnub ci hauv xov tooj cua.
• Astrometry nrog qhov kawg angular daws teeb meem (speckle interferometry) ntawm binary thiab ntau lub hnub qub thiab cov hnub qub ntawm tus kheej nrog rau cov huab cua txuas ntxiv.
• High-resolution spectroscopy ntawm cov huab cua thiab cua ntawm cov hnub qub ntawm ntau hom (tshwj xeeb, lub complex tau dhau los ua tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov hnub qub).
• Xov tooj cua thiab kho qhov muag pom ntawm nebulae hauv peb thiab lwm lub galaxies.
• Photometry nrog qhov kawg ntawm lub cev kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov khoom sib txheeb (pulsars, qhov dub, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab thiab qis photometry thiab spectroscopy ntawm microquasars, lo ntsiab muag gravitational, ib txwm thiab peculiar galaxies thiab cov hnub qub ntawm tus kheejhauv lawv.
• Tsim kom muaj daim duab spatial thiab kinematic ntawm pawg hauv zos ntawm galaxies.
• Photometry thiab spectroscopy ntawm optical Cheebtsam ntawm gamma-ray tawg ntawm cosmological nrug.
• xov tooj cua qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

RATAN-600 (Zelenchuk) muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej qhib siv sib sau ua ke. Nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm soj ntsuam yog faib rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws, raws li txoj cai, rau kev siv cov haujlwm sib koom ua ke.

Modernization

Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm kev muaj SAO, ib pab neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws ntsuas ntsuas tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshaj lij tau rov nruab lub tsom iav raj nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv siab thiab pheej nce ntxiv: rhiab heev, spectral, spatial thiab lub cev kev daws teeb meem.

Tshwj xeeb, tsav tsheb thev naus laus zis ntawm RATAN-600 cov irradiators theem nrab tau rov nruab thiab muaj kev tswj hwm lub cev rau qhov chaw ntawm cov irradiators tau qhia. Ib qho tshiab ntawm High Resolution Solar Spectral Polarization Complex (SPKVR-2) tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 2008.

Ib qho peev txheej hauv Is Taws Nem tau tsim los nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam hnub ci, uas sau thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm. Nws muaj kev pabcuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog kev sib piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm cov twj paj nruag, tau txais spectra thiab lwm yam tsis tau los ntawm cov chaw hauv zos.

Ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj thawj zaug nrog rau ib theem chaw, uas tso cai"Unload" lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab ua cov kev soj ntsuam hauv ntau zaus kev taug qab hom (Oktava project rau txau No. 1 thiab No. 3).electromagnetic cuam tshuam ntawm radiometers hauv qhov ntau.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Advanced

CAO saib xyuas cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tsim los ua kom pom kev paub tsis meej ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb:

• Tshawb nrhiav lub hnub.
• Cov qauv thiab kinematics ntawm cov roj sib txuas hauv lub hnub qub hauv cheeb tsam tsim.
• Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm xov tooj cua extragalactic emission.
• Tshawb nrhiav cov dav hlau sib txheeb hauv cov galaxies thiab quasars.
• Kawm txog cov qauv thiab kinematics ntawm cov roj sib txuas hauv lub hnub qub hauv cheeb tsam tsim.
• Kev kawm ntawm cov spectra ntawm extragalactic proto-khoom.
• Cosmological noob.
• Kev soj ntsuam ntawm MARS-3 Matrix Radio Engineering System.
• Multiwave kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom LSI+61 303.
• Studying spectra and variability of GPS sources.
• Simultaneous spectra of lacertids.
• saib xyuas ntawm microquasars.

txiaj ntsig

Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab telescope, cov kws tshaj lij qhia:

• thaj chaw loj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam;
• ntsuas ntau zaus (0.6-35GHz);
• nce kev daws teeb meem;
• nce brightness kub rhiab heev.

Nyob rau hauv losxyoo RATAN yuav zoo dua: nyob rau hauv 2015 Ministry of Education thiab Science ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation txiav txim siab los faib txog 100 lab rubles rau lub installation ntawm mobile modules. Yog tias tam sim no lub xov tooj cua telescope pom cov khoom nyob rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm qhov pom, tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab nws yuav tuaj yeem nrog lub hom phiaj hauv kev kawm. Lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb no yuav nthuav dav kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm.

Txawm hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog loj rau cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, RATAN-600 tseem yog lub xov tooj cua loj tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw. Nws sib tw nrog qhov tseeb Suav FAST complex nrog tsib-pua-meter aperture.