Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Marxism

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Marxism
Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Marxism

Video: Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Marxism

Video: Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Marxism
Video: Qhov Sawv thiab Qhov Poob ntawm Haiv Neeg Loos Lub Teb Chaws (Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Surplus yog lub tswvyim lej uas tau tsim los ntawm Karl Marx. Nws thawj zaug pib ua haujlwm rau nws hauv 1844 tom qab nyeem James Mill's Elements of Political Economy. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm tsis yog kev tsim khoom ntawm Marx. Lub tswvyim, tshwj xeeb, tau siv los ntawm Physiocrats. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog Marx uas muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm txog keeb kwm kev lag luam.

cov khoom seem yog
cov khoom seem yog

Ntawm classics

Cov khoom seem yog qhov nyiaj tau los tag nrho tshaj cov nqi. Qhov no yog li cas kev nplua nuj tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg hauv nws tus kheej, qhov tseem ceeb yog nws cuam tshuam txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Thiab nws tsis yooj yim los txiav txim siab. Qee zaum cov khoom seem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis uas twb muaj lawm. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nce nqi ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom. Thiab yuav ua li cas cov khoom seem tau txais yuav txiav txim seb nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam.

Yog li, ib tus tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm lwm tus, los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tshiab, lossis los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob txoj hauv kev. Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov kev pom zoo ntawm yuav ua li cas rau account tsuas yog cov nyiaj ntxiv uas tsim los ntawm lub teb chaws. Piv txwv li, Physiocrats ntseeg tias tsuas yog qhov av xwb.

tag nrho cov khoom seem
tag nrho cov khoom seem

Cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm: Marx lub ntsiab lus

Nyob hauv "Capital" peb ntsib nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem uas tsim cov khoom siv sib raug zoo. Cov tom kawg suav nrog tag nrho kev tso tawm cov khoom tshiab thiab cov kev pabcuam rau lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm. Marx ib leeg tawm hauv nws cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom lag luam. Thawj suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom uas tau siv los tswj tus txheej txheem kev ua neej nyob. Nws yog sib npaug rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov pejxeem kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov khoom seem yog cov khoom seem ntawm ntau lawm. Thiab lawv tuaj yeem faib tau raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab chav ua haujlwm txiav txim siab. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, lub tswv yim no yog heev yooj yim, tab sis kev xam ntawm cov khoom seem yog tiag tiag txuam nrog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Thiab muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:

  • Ib feem ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv zej zog yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv ib txwm.
  • Lwm yam ua rau lub tswv yim nyuaj yog cov neeg coob coob. Qhov tseeb, yuav tsum tau tsim ntau tshaj li qhov zoo li, yog tias koj suav tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo.
  • Kev poob haujlwm tsis yog xoom. Yog li ntawd, ib txwm muaj ib feem ntawm cov hnub nyoog ua haujlwm,uas yeej nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lwm tus. Thiab rau qhov no, ib yam khoom siv uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov seem.
cov khoom seem txhais
cov khoom seem txhais

ntsuas

Nyob rau hauv "Capital" Marx tsis txhais cov qauv ntawm kev suav tag nrho cov khoom seem. Nws xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev sib raug zoo nrog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom lag luam tshaj tawm tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv lub cev ntim, cov nyiaj tau los thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau xam nws, cov ntsuas hauv qab no yuav tsum tau:

  • Nomenclature thiab ntau lawm ntim.
  • Txoj kev ntawm cov pejxeem.
  • nyiaj tau los thiab nuj nqis.
  • Ntau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm.
  • Kev siv.
  • Txoj kev them se.
cov khoom seem tsawg tshaj plaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv
cov khoom seem tsawg tshaj plaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv

Siv

Thaum cov txheej txheem tsim khoom qee yam khoom siv thiab lwm tus tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyiaj tau los tsis sib npaug. Cov khoom lag luam tsawg tshaj plaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov lag luam uas muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rov qab los. Cov no yog spheres los ntawm lub hauv paus sector. Piv txwv li, kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim tuaj yeem siv tau raws li hauv qab no:

  • Nyiaj.
  • Reserved or saved.
  • Nyob.
  • Sold out.
  • Reinvested.

Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim. Xav tias xyoo tas los muaj huab cua zoo, peb tswj tau cov qoob loo zoo. Nws tsis yog txaus los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm txhua tuspej xeem, tab sis tseem muaj cov nyiaj seem. Peb yuav ua li cas nrog lawv? Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem tso lawv kom rot ntawm thaj teb. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom seem yuav raug pov tseg. Koj tuaj yeem tso cov nyiaj seem hauv lub tsev rau khoom, muag nws thiab yuav lwm yam khoom, tseb cov chaw ntxiv. Cov tom kawg yog ib qho analogue ntawm kev nqis peev rov qab. Peb tab tom nqis peev cov peev txheej muaj pub dawb txhawm rau txhawm rau nce peb cov nyiaj txiag yav tom ntej.

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