tus dej no tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj cai txij li xyoo 1980, raws li nws tau tshaj tawm tias Lub Xeev Xwm Txheej. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub npe ntawm tus dej los ntawm Tatar lo lus rau kev zoo nkauj. Cov lus dab neeg, uas muaj ntau yam kev txhais lus, hais txog kev zoo nkauj poob rau hauv nws - tus ntxhais Tatar.
Cov kab lus nthuav tawm ib zaj dab neeg luv luv txog qhov zoo nkauj Usmanka River hauv thaj av Voronezh.
geography
Usmanka (los yog Usman) nqa nws cov dej los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Voronezh thiab Lipetsk cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, ua ib feem ntawm tus dej Voronezh. Tus dej muaj ob lub npe. Lub npe Usman belongs rau sab sauv, Usmanka mus rau hauv qab dej. Lub hauv paus yog nyob rau ntawm Oka-Don Plain, thiab lub qhov ncauj yog nyob rau sab laug ntug dej ntawm lub Voronezh River - ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv confluence.
Cov ntug dej hiav txwv thiab Usman hav feem ntau yog swampy thiab sawv cev rau ntau lub pas dej me me txuas nrog cov kab. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm qhuav, lub reservoir yuav ntiav heev, yog li cov dams thiab dams tau tsim los tswj cov qib dej hauv nws.
Tus Dej Usmanka sivNws pib nyob ze lub zos ntawm Moskovka, Lipetsk cheeb tsam ntawm Russia (Usamnsky koog tsev kawm ntawv). Tom qab ntawd nws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Verkhnekhavsky thiab Novousmansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Voronezh. 4 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub zos Ramon (Ramonsky koog tsev kawm ntawv) ntws mus rau hauv tus dej Voronezh.
tus yam ntxwv dej
Usmanka yog ib sab laug ntawm tus dej. Voronezh. Qhov ntev yog 151 km, tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub phiab yog 2840 km2. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntim ntawm cov dej haus yog yuav luag 2 m³ ib ob. (117 km ntawm qhov ncauj). Qhov nruab nrab, qhov dav ntawm tus dej yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 20 meters, nce mus txog 50 meters ntawm qhov nchuav. Tus dej ntws nruab nrab.
Tus dej hauv Voronezh thaum pib pib ntws los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, ces tig mus rau sab hnub poob, thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Kev siv - dej muab kev daws teeb meem. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Voronezh Nature Reserve nyob rau hauv tus dej phwj.
Localities
Muaj kev nyob raws tus dej Usmanka los ntawm nws qhov chaw mus rau nws lub qhov ncauj:
- Usmansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm thaj av Lipetsk: lub zos ntawm Moskovka, Krasny Kudoyar, Pushkari, Bochinovka, Krasnoe, Ternovka, Storozhevoe, Peskovatka-Kazachya, Novogulyanka, Peskovatka-Boyarskaya thiab lub nroog ntawm Usman.
- Voronezh cheeb tsam: cov zos ntawm Verkhnekhavsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - Tolshi, Vodokachka, Zheldaevka, Enino, Lukichevka, Zabugorye, Uglyanets, Paris Commune, Nikonovo; Lub zos ntawm Novousmansky koog tsev kawm ntawv - Orlovo, Gorki, Me Gorki, Khrenovoye, Rykan, Bezbozhnik, Novaya Usman, Nechaevka, Otradnoye, Babyakovo, Borovaya (chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau); lub zos ntawm Ramon, Ramonsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (5 kilometerslos ntawm qhov qis dua).
Lub ntsiab tributaries
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 20 tributaries ntws mus rau Voronezh Usmanka River nrog qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm 600 meters mus rau 50 kilometers. Qhov loj tshaj plaws: Matryonka, Belovka, Khava, Privalovka, Khomutovka, Maiden.
Ntawm lub Xeev Reserve, tus dej tau txais ob peb ceg me me, cov kwj deg, ntws mus rau hauv tus dej feem ntau ntawm sab laug. Lub ntsiab tributaries-kwj: Devichenko, Yamny, Privalovsky (los yog Zmeyka), Ledovsky, Shelomensky.
Ntsuab
Ntawm ciam teb ntawm Lipetsk thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam ze ntawm Usmanka River ntawm nws sab xis, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, yog Voronezh State Reserve.
Cov nroj tsuag feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm aspens thiab oaks, ntawm cov ntoo ntoo qub sawv ib leeg. Pine-deciduous hav zoov kuj loj hlob ntawm no. Thawj theem yog sawv cev los ntawm ntoo thuv, qhov thib ob - los ntawm aspen, ntoo qhib thiab qee zaum birch, thiab thib peb - los ntawm Tatar maple, warty euonymus, roob tshauv, brittle buckthorn, thiab lwm yam.
Cov nyom npog yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qoob loo dav dav. Ib cheeb tsam tseem ceeb (kwv yees li 40%) yog nyob los ntawm kev cog ntoo ntoo ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog. Birches tsawg dua. Hauv qhov dej nyab ntawm Usmanka River, muaj thaj chaw me me nrog cov alder dub raws ntug dej. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ntoo qhib hav zoov, thiab aspen, thiab qee qhov chaw hazel hlob tuaj ntawm no. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntoo: ntoo thuv, ntoo qhib, alder, birch, aspen, elm, tshauv, linden, maples (holly, Tatar, teb), brittle willow, kua thiab pear.
Meadows txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm tus dej (797 ha). Thaum lub sij hawm dej nyab, tej chaw dej nyab ntawm tus dej uas muaj cov nroj tsuag nplua mias.
Hydrology
Tus dej hauv Voronezh Usman feem ntau pub los ntawm daus. Nws kuj tseem ntxiv los ntawm huab cua nag lossis daus, tab sis tsis sib xws. Cov dej los ntawm cov daus yaj yog 70-75%, cov khoom siv hauv av - mus txog 20%, dej nag - 3-10%. Tus dej yog npog nrog ib txheej dej khov thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg (Kaum Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis), los ntawm cov dej khov nws qhib rau lub Peb Hlis-Lub Plaub Hlis.
Vim txoj kev nqes me ntsis, tus dej yog ib txoj hlua ntawm ntau lub pas dej nrog cov dej qab zib thiab cov av ntub dej. Thiab qhov dej nyab feem ntau yog swamped, thiab nws qhov dav tsis tshaj 1 km. Hauv qhov chaw nws nqaim mus txog 300 meters lossis tsawg dua.
