Cultural artifact - yog dab tsi? Nws yog to taub raws li txhua yam uas yog tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej thiab muaj peev xwm qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kab lis kev cai ntawm nws creator, raws li zoo raws li nws cov neeg siv. Nws muaj nws tus kheej ntau yam. Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov tseeb tias qhov no yog kab lis kev cai hauv kab lus.
phau ntawv txhais lus
Yuav kom nkag siab tias qhov no yog kab lis kev cai, ib tus yuav tsum kawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe suav nrog. Nws txhais lus tsis meej.
Lo lus "artifact" txhais tau tias, piv txwv li:
- Yam khoom, tshwm sim, txheej txheem, cov khoom muaj nyob hauv ib qho khoom lossis txheej txheem, thaum lawv tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej uas pom tau zoo tsis zoo los yog ua tsis tau.
- Yuav ua li cas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug neeg los yog lwm yam txawj ntse, nrog rau cov generated los ntawm lub siab (tib neeg los yog lwm yam).
- Nyob rau hauv archaeology, nws yog ib tug creation ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, xws li ib tug cuab yeej, qauv, lub tsev, ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, nkoj, lwm yam khoom.
- Hauv kev tshawb fawb, qhov tshwm sim lossis qhov tshwm sim uas tus kws tshawb fawb coj mus rau qhov kev sim.
- Nyob rau hauv histology, qhov no yog lub npe rau cov qauv tsim uas pom thaummicroscopy nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev tuav cov ntaub so ntswg tsis raug.
- Hauv kev ua si hauv computer, cov khoom uas hloov tus cwj pwm tus cwj pwm.
Ntawm cov lus txhais saum toj no, tsuas yog thawj ob yog suav nrog qhov kev txiav txim siab niaj hnub no, vim lawv tsuas yog muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lo lus "kev coj noj coj ua".
Etymology
Lo lus "artifact" tuaj rau Lavxias los ntawm Latin, qhov uas nws zoo li artefactum thiab muaj ob feem. Thawj ntawm cov no yog arte, lub ntsiab lus "artificially". Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub npe ars, uas tau sau yav dhau los ua artis, thiab qhia txog kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv tes ua, kos duab, kev tshawb fawb. Nws rov qab mus rau Proto-Indo-European noun arti, hauv tib lub ntsiab lus.
Qhov thib ob ntawm qhov tseeb, txhais tau tias "kev nqis tes ua", "ua tiav", "ua tiav", "ua tiav". Lub npe no yog los ntawm qhov qhia txog facere, lub ntsiab lus uas yog "ua", "ua". Rov qab mus rau Proto-Indo-European verb dhe, lub ntsiab lus "ua", "ua".
Yog li, qhov tseeb, "artifact" txhais tau tias yog ib yam khoom uas tsim tawm. Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog ib yam khoom uas yog ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg kev ua.
kab lis kev cai
Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas yog tsim los ntawm tib neeg thiab qhia txog cov kab lis kev cai uas muaj nyob hauv nws cov neeg tsim, nrog rau cov neeg siv. Nws tuaj yeem yog txhua yam khoom tsim tawm, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ob qho tib si lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab cov ntsiab lus cim, cov ntsiab lus cim. Lo lus siv nyob rau hauv social sciences, xws li anthropology, sociology, ethnology.
Lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog qhov dav dav ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Thawj ntawm lawv yog kev sib raug zoo, thiab qhov thib ob yog cov khoom qub qub qub. Xav paub ntxiv txog lawv yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Meaning
Cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom uas pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb lossis cov khoom uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tam sim no lossis yav dhau los tsis ntev los no. Piv txwv li, rau cov kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm, cov khoom xws li cov khoom siv hauv av, lub tshuab dhos lub xyoo pua 18th, lossis lub TV teeb yog cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj txog lub sijhawm lawv tau tsim thiab siv.
Ancient lossis tam sim no kab lis kev cai artifacts tseem ceeb vim lawv muaj peev xwm muab kev nkag siab rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ib lo lus hais tias lawv yog mus rau kab lis kev cai evolution dab tsi noob yog rau lom evolution. Lwm qhov ntawm cov lus hais qhia tias kev txhim kho kev lag luam tuaj yeem pom raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg cov khoom qub.
Kev faib tawm
Muaj kev faib tawm ntawm lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm.
- Cov khoom qub yog cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom, ntawm lawv yog rab rawg, rauj, lub koob yees duab, teeb.
- Secondary - cov uas tau los ntawm thawj, qhov no tuaj yeem yog kev qhia rau cov neeg siv koob yees duab.
- Tertiary - cov uas pom tias yog sawv cev rau cov thib ob, xws li cov khoom qub uas zoo li cov duab puab ntawm phau ntawv lub koob yees duab.
Tsis zoo li cov khoom qub qub qub, cov khoom qub qub tsis yog ib txwm muaj lub cev, tseem muaj cov khoom cuav uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuab computer. Tsis yog lawv yuav tsum muaj keeb kwm muaj nqis. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom tsim ob peb feeb dhau los. Lawv kuj tseem tsim nyog ua cov khoom siv hauv zej zog.
Nyob hauv archaeology
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, ib qho khoom qub yog ib yam khoom uas tau raug kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv tshuab yav dhau los. Nws nrhiav tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm archaeological excavations nqa tawm lub hom phiaj. Qee lub sij hawm nws pom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ib leeg, random ua lossis xwm txheej. Piv txwv li:
- cuab yeej pob zeb;
- riam phom;
- jewelry;
- ceramics;
- pob txha muaj kab mob ntawm tib neeg;
- ntau lub tsev ntawm lub nroog qub, lawv cov ntsiab lus;
- coals ntawm hluav taws thaum ub.
Tom qab pom cov chaw archaeological, lawv tau kawm, tshawb fawb, thiab tom qab ntawd luam tawm nrog cov duab ntawm cov khoom qub uas txuas nrog. Raws li lawv, keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov noob neej tau rov qab los. Cov ntawm lawv uas, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev kos duab lossis kev tshawb fawb, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tau muab tso rau hauv kev nthuav qhia thiab tsev cia puav pheej.
Terminology
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias, lo lus "artifact" yog siv tsis ntev los no, tau qiv los ntawm lus Askiv. Nws tuaj rau archaeology thiab social sciences los ntawm tshuaj thiab biology. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog nws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-hais lusCov ntaub ntawv siv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- "Cov khoom siv" - thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom qub uas tsis muaj cov ntawv sau. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yog "cov ntaub ntawv sau."
- "Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai". Kab lis kev cai ntawm no txhais tau hais tias ib pawg ntawm cov monuments uas yog tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.
- "Archaeological sites" - siv dav dav, qhia txog cov khoom loj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom qub.
- "Archaeological pom", ntawm cov pawg thiab cov neeg sawv cev.
